The door closer is often installed on the door leaf, which simplifies the opening process. This mechanism takes on a significant part of the effort that is applied by a person; with this principle of action, there is no need to control the operation of the door leaf. It opens easily and smoothly returns to its original position. However, to close the door, the installation of a door closer is not a prerequisite. It is preferable to install it in places with high traffic, which helps to reduce wear on the door mechanism.
If you are interested in how closers work, you should know that the design is based on a spring, but auxiliary elements are also provided. It accumulates mechanical energy by contracting. When a person releases the sash, the spring straightens. Plus, entrance door closers work smoothly. This is possible thanks to the hydraulic system.
To make the spring straighten smoothly, an oil shock absorber is used. The design includes a system of special valves, due to which oil flows from chamber to chamber. In this way, the speed of the installed door closer is regulated, and at the same time the speed of the web. Due to the sufficient level of viscosity, a quiet operation of the mechanism is also ensured.
Internal construction
Device nodes:
- pull - connects the door and the closer box, with the help of this element is transmitted the force that a person applies to the door, trying to open it;
- rotary axis;
- a cylindrical piston connected to a spring - the unit is set in motion thanks to a gear, which, in turn, depends on the position of the pivot axis;
- oil valves containing a viscous liquid, through which smooth movement of the structure is ensured;
- adjusting screw - allows you to set the power of compression of the spring;
- screw responsible for limiting the opening of the sash.
The principle of operation of a door closer is based on the interaction of two main units: a piston with a spring and a valve system. The rest of the elements are auxiliary in the circuit and help to ensure the correct adjustment of the mechanism. By means of screws, the closer operation is monitored. Without these elements, the sash will close too slowly or, conversely, quickly, and will also create a noise effect. The device of the door closer, in particular the link arm and the body, can be different, on the basis of this, the structure is subdivided into groups.
Types and types of door closers
There are 3 main types of such structures:
- top;
- bottom, or floor;
- hidden, or mortise.
In the first case, the mechanism is installed in the upper part of the sash. The second option involves the need to mount the product at the bottom of the door leaf, the drive mechanism is mounted on the floor. The hidden, or internal, mechanism remains invisible when looking at the sash. According to their intended purpose, the devices are subdivided:
- to internal;
- on the street.
The first of the options is designed for indoor installation, which allows you to extend its service life. Street counterparts are distinguished by a reinforced structure, they are better protected from external factors. In addition, there is a door closer for sliding doors and mechanisms for swing doors. The first of the options is equipped with a linear traction, while the canvas will move along the wall. The device for swing doors assumes the presence of a traction in the structure that can change position. If the canvas is opened, then the rod will move in the direction from the load-bearing walls.
Spring loaded Separately, you should consider the closer mechanism for pendulum structures. In this case, it is not possible to use the classic design - for swing doors, since the leaf can move in the opposite direction: forward, backward, repeating the movement of the pendulum. Hence, an alternative solution must be used. For this reason, in order to control the movement of the door, a hidden or floor version is provided.
It is a compact design that also operates on the basis of hydraulic oil and a cylindrical piston. To regulate the speed of movement of the web, screws are provided, which are located in the inner part of this piece of accessories. Adjustment is carried out with a hex key. This control method is suitable for lightweight options. The sash weight should be between 50 and 90 kg, which will allow the installation of 2 of these elements. There is a door closer for a metal door and a wooden sash.
Street
Often it is required to improve the principle of operation of a canvas located not inside the object, but outside, while the outer element should be distinguished by a more powerful design. Considering that the entrance doors weigh much more than the interior doors and are large in size, when choosing it is necessary to focus on the parameters of the sash. If this is not done, the device will not perform its function. Additionally, the operating conditions must be taken into account. So, for example, a door closer must withstand temperatures in the range of -40 ... + 65 ° C.
Floor
Such designs are similar in principle of operation to the classic design. However, the devices of the floor type are somewhat different in design: the lever is attached to the spring and the piston, connected to the roller, which performs translational movements, and drives the heart-shaped axis. The mechanism of this type is advisable to use to control the mobility of pendulum doors and leaves, door leaf of the "swing" type.
Install the door closer on a wooden door, products with glass inserts. Despite its small size, it is a versatile option that can withstand significant loads. Moreover, floor devices often perform the function of a rotary mechanism. Scope: public facilities, shopping centers, in which double doors with glass inserts are installed without a box. It is preferable to mount such mechanisms on the entrance doors.
Hidden door
Devices of this type are presented in two varieties:
- door closers;
- with a sliding bar.
The first of the options has already been considered. These are elements that are used as a swing mechanism and are responsible for opening / closing the sash. If door closers with a sliding rod are considered, then in this case we install the device body on the sash. A sliding rod will be connected to it on one side, the other will be attached in a groove, which is cut with a cutter in the door frame.
When it is planned to install flush-mounted door mechanisms with a sliding rod, it is important to make sure that there is a gap of sufficient thickness between the door leaf and the frame so that the traction can pass through it. Several nuances of such closer designs are noted:
- small service life;
- the need for an accurate calculation of the installation site;
- the ability to withstand small forces of closing and opening;
- installation options for concealed door closers are limited;
- narrow scope.
Closing force classification
Closers are divided into several types, differing in the force class, which correlates with the inertia of the door leaf. This parameter is influenced by the following characteristics: the mass of the sash and the length of the arm, which corresponds to the width of the door. The force class is determined by the EN 1154 standard. Taking into account these parameters, the price category of the mechanisms is formed. Classification based on blade width and weight, respectively:
- EN1: 750 mm, 20 kg;
- EN2: 850 mm, 40 kg;
- EN3: 950mm, 60kg;
- EN4: 1100 mm, 80 kg;
- EN5: 1250 mm, 100 kg;
- EN6: 1400 mm, 120 kg;
- EN7: 1600 mm, 160 kg.
The first options are designed for installation on lightweight sashes. For this reason, they are often attached to interior linens. Products of the latest classes are designed for heavy doors.
How to choose the right one
If you need to purchase a door closer, first of all, it is recommended to determine the force class. To do this, you need to know the width of the sash, as well as its weight. Based on these parameters, the product is selected to adjust the efforts. Other characteristics:
- door design - for hinged, sliding doors, it is advisable to purchase various options for door closers;
- features of the mechanism: what parts it consists of (body, thrust, etc.), how it works;
- way of installing door closers: located in the upper, lower part or hidden in the door frame, hinges;
- the subtleties of the door design - in particular, they take into account the possibility of installing a hidden door closer, for which you need to choose a canvas with a sufficient gap between it and the box;
- adjustment of screws that determine the possibility of opening the sash and the intensity of the spring pressure;
- operating conditions, for example, for entrance doors, the recommended temperature range is -40 ... + 65 ° С;
- additional functions - in particular, we are talking about the possibility of fixing the sash in the open position at a given angle and adjusting the mechanism to delay closing;
- the design of the traction-adjustable product - now you can choose a closer that matches the interior;
- the number of open / close cycles or the working resource of the mechanism;
- vandalism protection - prevents breakage.
DIY adjustment
If a door closer is selected, take into account the possibility of changing the position of the screws located on the body:
- the opening angle of the leaf is adjustable: from 90 to 180 °;
- the closing speed of the sash changes;
- smooth running is ensured upon reaching a given angle.
The screws are turned clockwise or in the opposite direction. If you need to adjust a mechanical door closer, they find fasteners on the body, turn the screw by 1/4 turn to determine how the sash operation changes. Based on the changes, the adjustment takes place in the right direction.
Installation methods
In accordance with the type of construction, the door closer mount is attached in different ways:
- on the surface of the door frame;
- in the floor;
- in the groove of the box;
- closers for sliding doors are hidden in hinges or are linear-type devices that are fixed on the door frame (they work on a different principle than counterparts for swing leaves).
When determining the installation method, you need to take into account the features of the door frame, the thickness of the gap between the frame and the canvas. For example, a door closer for a plastic door is attached to the surface of the door frame, connected to the door with a pull rod.
Possible options for installation on the door leaf
The closer body is located in several ways:
- on the canvas, then the rod will be fixed on the door frame or in the groove, which is also cut out in the box;
- on the door frame, respectively, the free end of the rod is located on the sash.
If you plan to fix the end of the rod in the groove of the door frame, in this case there is only one option for the location of the closer body - on the canvas. The mechanism is always installed on the balcony door in the standard way: the door closer body is on the sash, the rod is fixed on the surface of the door frame.
DIY installation features
The distance between the hinges and the body of the mechanism is determined in accordance with the selected blade opening force. A light door closer must be classified as EN1-EN4. For installation, a 1: 1 scale template is used. It must be glued to the door leaf with tape. After that, proceed to drilling holes for fasteners. The lever acting as a pull rod should be divided into 2 elements. After that, one part is installed on the door frame, and the second on the canvas. Then the elements of the lever are connected and it is adjustable in length.
Repair
If there is an overload of the mechanism, which led to wear, some parts are changed. Spare parts for a door closer are selected based on its type. When oil leaks, the condition of the case is assessed; if the defect is small, the gap is closed with a sealant. With severe deformation, the part is changed. When breaking the metal of the rod, a welding machine is used. Corrosion is removed by stripping. The bending of the rod is corrected manually, while restoring the shape of this element. A door closer on a glass door, metal or wooden sash is repaired in the same way.
A door closer is a special mechanism designed to automatically close operational, fire-prevention, entrance and structures equipped with an access control system. Often its parts and connections wear out, fail. At the same time, the doors do not close, and they can also move too slowly or, conversely, quickly, with a knock or bang. When the breakdowns are small, specialists adjust the parameters of the device; in case of complex defects, they repair the door closer.
Depending on the type, type of model of the door mechanism, its defect and breakdowns, repairs are carried out either independently, but at the same time they find out the cause of the malfunction, or call the master who installed the mechanism.
Correct, efficient, trouble-free operation, which is a guarantee of the comfort and safety of people, is a property that shows what a closer should be. Competent initial installation, adjustment of device parameters, compliance with all operational requirements affect the quality of its work.
Door device malfunctions can be as follows:
- damage or breakage of the bar;
- the appearance of cracks in the elements of the mechanism;
- bend, break of the lever;
- sticking linkage;
- wear of oil seals;
- breakage of fasteners.
The following factors lead to these defects:
- improper operation of the mechanism;
- external influences on the door block (blows, strong wind);
- placing a stone or foreign object to fix the door in the open position.
Damage is repaired by doing the door closer repair with your own hands. If the defect cannot be eliminated, then the mechanism is bought.
Door closer device
This device consists of the following mechanisms and parts:
- spring;
- die-cast aluminum body;
- precision piston;
- control valves;
- toothed gears;
- needle bearing;
- rubber seals;
- fasteners.
The mechanism of the closer is arranged as follows.
The main structural element is the spring mechanism, which, when compressed, stores the energy necessary to close the doors. The compression process takes place by transferring the force of the link rod to the spring. The toothed gears and racks drive the piston, while the oil flows through the internal ducts into the free part of the housing. Adjusting the fluid flow rate affects the closing rate.
If oil does not enter the released housing of the device, it leaks due to depressurization, then the door mechanism does not work. The problem can be solved by repairing.
Leakage of working fluid
Oil leakage occurs due to large fluctuations in ambient temperature. Leaks often appear during the cold season. The density of the oil liquid directly depends on temperature changes.
The second reason for the appearance of oil leakage is the depressurization of the box, which occurs when it is damaged. If the defect is not severe, it must be repaired with a simple sealant. If the crack is large or the oil has leaked out in full, the methods of elimination with a sealant will not give a positive result, so the closer is changed.
In cases of poor liquid filling at the factory, it is added to the door device. In this case, choose a synthetic engine oil or shock absorber fluid. The oil is filled through the control valves.
Damage to the linkage
In case of malfunctions in the operation of the mechanism, pay special attention to the bar, check its condition and the presence of damage. At the slightest malfunction, repair is carried out.
You can fix the problem yourself. Before you repair a damaged bar, you should read the instructions for repair and installation of the closer and act according to it.
Causes of breakdowns
High-quality repair of the door closer is possible only if the reasons for the formation of defects and damage are correctly identified.
The reasons for breakdowns can be as follows:
- adverse, cold weather conditions;
- abrupt opening and closing of doors;
- blocking the movement of the door leaf;
- overload of the closer.
Factors determining whether repair is possible
Manufacturers are not interested in affordable door repairs. Most of them have an all-alloy body. For such models, it is difficult to carry out repair work. Damage such as worn oil seals or oil leaks cannot be repaired. Therefore, the closer must be dismantled and replaced.
Correct adjustment of the door device immediately after its installation is of paramount importance in the reliable and efficient operation of the mechanism.
Elimination of possible malfunctions
Do-it-yourself door closer repair is easy to do.
In the event of defects in the bar, perform the following actions:
- In the presence of rust, anti-corrosion cleaning is done and treated with a special protective lubricant.
- When a small crack or break occurs, the welding method is used, after which the welded seams are ground to an even state without slag inclusions, sagging, formations.
- Curves or kinks are carefully leveled with a hammer so that the force does not break the lever.
If the door speed is violated, the device is adjusted.
How to repair
To repair breakdowns in the closer device, the following tools are required:
- screwdriver;
- keys;
- pliers;
- screwdriver.
If complex defects are identified, a hammer and a welding machine are required to correct them.
The procedure for carrying out repair work is as follows:
- Inspect the door closer body carefully. The oil-filled housing must be free of leakage.
- Check the tightness of the fastening screws. If the part is tight or loose, tighten it to the required level.
- Inspect the door block, the place of attachment and contact with the box for cracks, dents that lead to a distortion of the structure.
- Check the operation of the closer levers.
- Adjust the speed of closing and opening doors, latching, maximum swing angle.
- Repair the part if damaged.
- After the procedure, install the closer in place.
If the defect cannot be corrected on your own, this situation is solved by replacing the closer.
Adjustment
Adjustment is a mandatory measure not only during the operation of the mechanism, but also for prevention. The procedure is performed at least 2 times a year, with seasonal temperature fluctuations, this is done more often.
Adjustment of the device consists in adjusting the speed of closing the door block using the adjusting screws, pressing it against the box, smooth deceleration when the doors are fully closed.
Repair of door closers is a simple technological process, the implementation of which is most often possible even for a novice master.
Sections of the article:
In the relatively recent past, such simple mechanisms as a spring, a counterweight with a cable and a block system, rubber bands or their analogs made of rubber tires were used to ensure the self-tight closing of an entrance door or wicket. Today, in order for the door to close itself tightly, door closers of all sizes, colors and shapes are used. What closers for entrance doors are presented on the shelves in specialized departments of stores, what you should pay attention to when buying and how to install them - read on.
Types of closers
A door closer is considered to be a mechanical device that is capable of accumulating potential energy when the door leaf is opened. The consumption of the accumulated energy is then used to close the door tightly, practically silently. The basis of the mechanism, which is responsible for its main function, is a powerful spring inside the body, the transfer of force to which and vice versa occurs in two scenarios:
Closers with a hydraulic circuit inside, transmitting forces through the rack, work in such a way that when the door leaf is opened, the gear on the lever axle turns and transfers the translational movement through the rack to the piston, which then forces the spring to compress. After the opening is completed, the compressed spring tends to return to its original relaxed state, pushing the piston in the opposite direction. The movement of the piston provokes the rotation of the gear, which returns the force to the lever axis of the closer, after which the door smoothly and tightly enters the box. Smooth operation of the closer is carried out due to the hydraulic system in the form of cavities and channels throughout the body of the mechanism through which oil flows.
Cam mechanism closers. Inside the device, on the lever shaft, there is a cam in the form of a complex eccentric, resembling a core. The cam mechanism is supported on both sides by rollers. Opening the door leaf causes the spring to be compressed by the protruding part of the cam. The desire of the spring to take its original position leads to the rotation of the cam in the opposite direction and the smooth closing of the door. A similar principle of operation is used when placing hidden mechanisms or in door closers with a channel arrangement of traction.
Advantages and disadvantages of installing door closers
When installing a door closer on the front door, you will receive the following benefits:
- Increase in the service life of the door leaf and fittings, since smooth slamming protects the door from damage by blows when opening / closing and minimizes the load on the fittings;
- The tight entry of the door leaf into the frame protects the room from cold wind, drafts and extraneous noise from the outside;
- The mechanized device does not require an electrical connection;
- The adjusted closing speed makes the door safe to operate, which is important for families with small children or elderly members who may enter the room for a long time or not hold the sash when opening;
- The disadvantages include possible difficulties in installing and adjusting the closer, as well as the significant cost of quality products equipped with additional functions.
Closer installation location
The most common are overhead door closers, which are installed in the upper part from the inner or outer side of the leaf, depending on the type of opening. Less common are mortise products for entrance doors, which are hidden inside the floor, door leaf or frame. Such mechanisms are used when it is impossible to install in a standard position or for reasons of aesthetics, for example, on glass door leaves.
Overhead closing mechanisms are divided into two types according to their design features:
Closers equipped with a two-piece link arm. The advantages are ease of installation, reliability of the mechanism, a sufficiently high level of force transfer, the possibility of several control options. A significant drawback is a lever protruding beyond the level of the facade perpendicular to the door closer body, the probability of which to be damaged from the actions of violators is quite high. In addition, the link arm requires the application of force when opening the door leaf, which is not very convenient for children and elderly people.
Closers equipped with a closed sliding channel inside the box, along which the free edge of the hinge with a roller at the end moves. The advantages are high decorative qualities due to the absence of protruding parts, minimal likelihood of damage of the nature of vandalism, the possibility of additional equipment of the mechanism with an opening limiter inside the channel, installation in doors close to the wall. Disadvantages: the minimum number of adjustments and additional equipment, higher cost compared to lever.
Closer classification
In accordance with the world standardization EN1154, door closers are divided into seven classes EN1-EN7, depending on the closing force they are able to create. To understand which door closer is suitable for a particular door, you need to know the width and weight of the door leaf. If two mandatory parameters do not correspond to one class, devices of a higher classification are selected. For example, the width of the door leaf in mm corresponds to the EN3 class, and the weight to EN5, it is recommended to install a class 5 door closer, since a weaker force of class 3 will not cope with the load.
Self-closing mechanisms are on sale, which belong both to one class (one digital value is indicated in the marking, for example, EN1), and to several (in the marking, the digital value is indicated with a hyphen, for example, EN1-3). The second option is more practical and convenient, since it is possible to adjust the closing speed of the sash depending on weather conditions, but compared to mechanisms of the same class, such devices are much more expensive.
What to look for when buying
How to choose an entrance door closer? First of all, you need to pay attention to a number of important indicators:
- The closing speed does not have a clear digital indicator and is selected by visual observation. For private houses, it is recommended to purchase a closer with a minimum speed;
- The slamming speed is necessary for door leaves equipped with latch locking mechanisms;
- Opening braking. This indicator is used for installation on doors leading to rooms with high traffic of people, it allows you to apply less effort when opening the door leaf;
- Closing braking is important for use in retail premises, as it allows the buyer with the bags to leave the hall calmly. A similar indicator will not be superfluous for families with children and the elderly who have difficulty passing the doorway. A significant drawback of the device is irrational use in the cold season, since a long-open opening will quickly cool the room;
- The presence of the sash lock allows you to fix the door in the open position, which is convenient for long-term airing in the summer or taking furniture out of the house.
It is also worth considering the resistance of the mechanism to temperature extremes: in regions with cold winters, it is recommended to give preference to frost-resistant models that work properly down to -40C.
Installation
To install the closer, you will need a minimum set of tools: a drill with a drill corresponding to the size of the fastener, a screwdriver, a simple pencil and a tape measure or ruler. Most manufacturers equip the mechanism with instructions with templates that clearly show how to install the closer. Schematic images of the closer components in full size on the template and mounting holes for each element greatly facilitate the marking and further installation of the mechanism on the front door. The template is printed on both sides of the sheet with the type of door opening towards you or from you.
Two red perpendicular lines on the template allow it to be positioned correctly. The vertical red line is aligned with the centerline of the door hinges, the horizontal line with the upper edge of the door leaf. It is recommended to mark the center line of the loops with a simple pencil.
Further, using a drill through the template, the fastening holes corresponding to the selected class are marked. There are usually two types of hardware included with a door closer: for metal-plastic or wooden surfaces. Depending on the material of the door leaf, a drill bit is also selected, with which the grooves for fasteners marked according to the template are drilled. After that, the installation of the self-closing mechanism begins.
Please note that the door closer is installed in disassembled form, that is, the levers and the body are separate. When buying an assembled mechanism, it is strongly recommended to disassemble it before installing it: first unscrew the locking washer, then remove the screw connecting the levers and the body.
The installation of a door closer that opens in the forward position begins with fixing the housing frame with self-tapping screws to the door leaf, into which the rod is then mounted. In the lower body part there is a special recess, into which a lever is inserted, tightened with a screw. This is followed by a fairly simple connection of the lever and the rod by pressing with your fingers until a slight click is formed. The connection difference lies in the location of the pull on the front door.
If an elementary smooth closing is required, the rod is slightly reduced in length and installed perpendicular to the door. If there is a latching mechanism in the sash, solidary reinforcement is required to overcome its resistance. In this case, the rod is lengthened and fixed in a position perpendicular to the door.
Adjustment
After installing the closer, it remains to adjust the door closing speed. Depending on the model, the closers differ in design and location with a screw for adjusting the speed. Detailed information is usually contained in the passport or installation instructions for the product. But the principle of operation of regulation in various models of an entrance door closer is similar:
- Turning the screw clockwise increases the closing speed of the door;
- Counterclockwise rotation of the screw will slow down the closing speed.
When adjusting, it is not recommended to turn the screw several turns at once, since there is a high probability of upsetting the balance of the closer, which is quite difficult to adjust back. In addition, a few quick turns of the adjusting screw can cause damage to the mechanism, such as oil leakage from the inside. In most cases, a ¼ crank is sufficient to achieve the required speed.
In order for the door closer to perform its function efficiently for many years, it is strongly not recommended to press on the door or slow it down with foreign objects when closing, as this can damage the internal parts of the mechanism. In addition, it is recommended to change the grease in the hinge at least once every 2 years when installing closers for entrance doors indoors and annually when installing the mechanism from the street part of the door. It is recommended to adjust the external closer every six months to reduce the consequences of temperature differences.
An open door is the cause of drafts and heat loss in the room, so it is extremely important to take care of its timely closing. If you can put a simple spring on the swing leaf, then this option is not suitable for “coupe” -type structures. A way out of the situation can be a door closer for a sliding door, which will ensure a smooth closing of the sash and allow you to maintain a comfortable microclimate of the interior space.
Working principle of a sliding door closer
Coupé door closers are mechanical devices that prevent a sudden collision of door leaves. Structurally, the product is a metal body that houses a damper, a lever and a piston system. On its outer surface there is a special adapter that provides an auxiliary effect on the closer operation.
When the sash is closed, the adapter presses on the lever, which triggers the damper. As a result, the door slows down, and when the damper reaches its end position, the sash stops completely. The damping of the sliding door closer helps to absorb the applied force, so the leaf closes without the characteristic knock and force impact.
Installation of a sliding door closer can be carried out with an argument both in one direction and in both directions. As a rule, the devices are designed for door structures weighing 60–100 kg, made of laminated panels, PVC, veneer, glass, aluminum profiles, solid wood. Most often, they are mounted in rooms with high traffic, where the constant opening and closing of the curtain leads to a rapid loss of performance of the entire door system.
Types of closers
The range of closers for compartment doors is not as wide as for conventional swing systems, but it is also quite enough to choose the option that suits best. Devices differ in installation method, mechanism design, location on the door, as well as in design, color and price category.
By installation method
Depending on the installation method, there are two types of sliding door closers:
- Overhead - mounted on the outer surface of the door leaf, while most of their components are open for access.
- Built-in - they are installed in the door profile, door frame or in the floor. In most cases, such products require the creation of a cutout in the structure using a cutter, into which the body with the mechanism is inserted.
By location
Different types of closers for compartment doors can be located in different places in the door system. Based on where the products are mounted, they are divided into two categories:
- Upper - for placement in the upper part of the door structure.
- Bottom - attached to the bottom of the door.
By the principle of work
The operation of all devices is based on a spring structure, however, the principle of their operation may differ slightly depending on the structural features of the mechanism. In this regard, the following sliding door closers are distinguished:
- On a standard sliding rod - the lever moves simultaneously with the sash along a special groove.
- "Knee" - the lever has a folding structure and consists of two axes that bend like a knee when the sash turns.
- On Cam - The design has a cam that, when pivoted, exerts pressure on the spring.
- Toothed - products are equipped with a rack and pinion mechanism acting on a spring.
Consumers are offered a wide range of additional devices that allow for the full operation and smoothness of the sliding door. In particular, the catalog of the online store "TBM-Market" presents high-quality universal rollers with a door closer, designed to move the canvas in two directions.
Benefits of using door closers
The benefits of installing a sliding door closer are beyond doubt. The device contributes to the soft silent operation of the web and provides many advantages in use:
- Protects the door from knocks when closing. Strong claps often lead to mechanical damage to the canvas and disrupt living comfort. If you install such a device, then you do not have to worry that due to the high application of force, the door will prematurely fail or will interfere with the peace of mind of neighbors and households.
- Ensures the safety of the door leaf during operation. If the mechanism is correctly adjusted, the door closes softly and smoothly, so that no one will pinch their fingers or clothes.
- Reduces heat loss in the room. Automatic closing of the sash helps to retain heat in the cold season and prevents the penetration of drafts. During operation, closers for compartment doors tightly press the door leaves against the frame, ensuring good sealing of the room.
- Allows you to adjust the speed of the sash movement. Many models have auxiliary functions such as variable speed and selective closing force, so that they can be adjusted according to the season. In particular, in winter they will close faster, minimizing possible heat loss.
Criterias of choice
When planning the purchase of a sliding door closer, it is advisable to pay attention to its technical characteristics, which can be found in the attached instructions. Products with incorrectly selected parameters can lead to premature wear of door fittings and significantly reduce the functionality of the door leaf, therefore, when choosing a device, it is recommended to take into account the following criteria:
- The type of traction mechanism installed in the case - as mentioned above, modern manufacturers present door closers with several types of mechanisms on the market, which largely determines the place of their installation. In particular, devices with a standard pull are attached directly to the leaf, and devices called "knee" are mounted on the door frame.
- Door dimensions - the wider and more massive the door leaf, the more powerful you should choose a door closer for compartment doors.
- Temperature conditions - many products operate smoothly in the range of -40 ... + 70 ° C, but some models lose their technical properties at low temperatures. For this reason, when buying a mechanism for unheated rooms, you need to take into account the conditions of its operation.
- Installation method - for glass doors, it is advisable to buy devices with a floor installation method, for all others, both floor and top are suitable.
- Design - in order for the sliding door closers to fit perfectly into the overall interior design, it is best to give preference to sets that match the color palette of the door structure.
- Maintainability - in case of failure of the structure, it should be easily replaced with a new one. In the catalog of the TBM-Market company you can find universal sets of rollers with a door closer, suitable for all types of compartments. Our qualified staff will help with the purchase and arrange its delivery in Moscow and the region.
Closer installation
A regular consignment note is easier to install, while a hidden one requires professional skills, dexterity and special tools. In general, for the installation of any product, it is necessary to prepare a tape measure, a level, a drill and a screwdriver. Before proceeding with the installation, you should mark the holes for the fasteners, which are determined from the lower height of the doorway. Further installation involves the following actions:
- In the marked places, holes are drilled with a drill (if a hidden closer is installed, then incisions are made under the body).
- Before installing the door closer for compartment doors, pull its carriage (bring it to the erected state).
- Using a screwdriver, screw the body of the product to the end of the blade.
- Similarly, a hook is attached to the upper rail.
- Adjust the device. There are two screws on the body, which are responsible for the speed and force of closing the sash. They are carefully turned until the required parameters of the door operation are achieved.
If the installation of the mechanism is performed correctly, the sliding door closer will serve for a long time and will reliably protect the premises from drafts and extraneous noise. Its use will ensure a smooth closing of the curtain and will make the operation of the compartment more comfortable and easy.
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Doors meet us in any institution, be it the entrance to the entrance, apartment, room, office buildings or technical premises. Sometimes they give in to us easily and silently, quickly open and close, then we seem to not notice them, without being distracted by the need for additional efforts. But in case of any malfunction, the discomfort of opening the door becomes very noticeable and only the adjustment of the door closer can help. With your own hands, you can not only adjust, but also install the fastening mechanism, so feel free to take on this procedure.
Adjustment of the door closer is done manually, without the use of additional equipment. You may need, perhaps, a screwdriver. Most often, self-tapping screws that attach the device to the plane and frame require a flat-blade screwdriver.
Design features of the device and the progress of the adjustment
Adjusting the door closer is impossible without a clear understanding of the principle of the mechanism. The closer is a spring combined with rollers and pistons or with a wool, fixed on a rail. When the door is opened or closed, the mechanism comes into action, collecting or, conversely, opening the spring. In this case, the vacant cavity is filled with oil. The combination of hydraulics and mechanics gives a reliable and simple device that does not require additional maintenance, except for careful handling.
Preparatory stage
If your door slams shut with a thunderous bang from a draft, pinches the fingers of children, as soon as they weaken the force holding the door, it is difficult to open, as if jamming at one of the stages, it’s time to adjust the door closer. 
As with any job, adjusting a door closer begins with preparing the right materials. You will need: a screwdriver, original instructions, photo examples for fixing and adjusting the device, a chair that you can stand on if your height does not allow you to comfortably reach the upper mount.
First you need to open the box. This is a rectangular box. Removing the top cover is usually not difficult, it is secured by a snap-on principle. The principle of the housing is the same in any kind of door closer, so even if your system looks like an unapproachable metal plate, most likely there are imperceptible seams somewhere, and the whole thing is in a skillful design.
How to adjust the door closer will tell you how it works.
Your device may only have two valves. In this case, adjusting them will be sufficient. Tighten or tighten loosely, you decide. If the door is difficult to give in, you need to loosen the fixation, because it is inconvenient, the door can be difficult for children to give in, press on a pet, create additional stress when bringing in and taking out loads. If the door is loose and easily and quickly closes and opens, there is a risk of being hit by the door.
Door closer device. Adjusting the door closers should alternate with testing the result. To do this, the door will need to be opened wide and closed, at the beginning with some effort, and then - by letting go. The ideal speed will be a slow, even closing, at the last stage of which the latch slams quickly. If we are talking about an entrance door, for security reasons, you can increase the closing speed so that no one can enter the house after following the tenant.
Working with screws
With a rough idea of what result you want to achieve, you are ready to learn how to adjust the door closer. On the instructions supplied by the manufacturer, two screws are usually indicated, which are responsible for the speed of closing the door. 
They are numbered 1 and 2, so you can easily identify them on your closer. They can be turned clockwise and counterclockwise. It is important to remember that turning more than two turns of any of the screws can lead to breakage. The first such screw (or valve) is responsible for swinging the door from 15 to 180 degrees, the second acts as a door closer, that is, it regulates the speed of the door in the range from 0 to 15 degrees and provides a secure latch or combination lock. The rotation of each of these nuts-screws is reflected in the properties of the door.
In some models, the door closer adjustment may still be filigree. This happens if the closer setting allows the door to delimit the opening angles more carefully.
Additional functions
The wind brake, designated BC (Back check), prevents the door from bumping when turning 180 degrees. He is responsible for adjusting the door closer from 70 to 180 degrees, slowing down the closing speed.
The delayed closing function DA (Delay action) allows you to prevent a strong pressure of the door in the area from 180 to 70 degrees, allowing a person to easily pass through the door, after opening it without making additional efforts.
Additional functions. The Hold Open function allows the door to be locked in the open position. To do this, you just need to open it wide open. To close the door, you will only need to pull it towards you with an effort.
For the first two functions, there are separate screws that look like the main ones. You can adjust the advanced door closer with the same screwdriver that is used for a conventional device.
Most often, the closing retarder is located next to the two main valves, and the BC is located separately, on the same plane.
Before adjusting the door closer, you can watch a video, but even a child can handle such work. Turning clockwise increases the slam speed, counterclockwise decreases it. This rule applies to all screws available on the door closer, both in the "sliding" and in the "lever" system. 
The verified position of all valves will lead to perfect door operation. The reliability that a door closer will have can be guaranteed by adjusting for several months in advance. The subtlety is that there are different operating temperatures in winter and summer, and the oil inside the mechanism can affect the compression speed of the spring in different ways. In view of this, it is best to tighten the screws at least twice a year, after winter and after summer. If the characteristics of the door closing change after winter, do not be upset, this is normal, the main thing is to return the actual properties of the door to the proper level in time.
How to adjust the door closer is described in detail in the video presented in our article. There, the process of work is described in stages, thanks to which even a person who is far from construction and crafts can correct such details in his home.
Ease of operation
There are a number of helpful tips on how to keep the mechanism and not adjust the door closer in the future. First of all, there is no need to load the mechanism - do not let children roll on the door, do not hang heavy objects on it. Secondly, do not press hard on it when opening. Thirdly, choose a door closer that matches the parameters of your door.
Our article, as well as photo and video materials, can tell you how to adjust the door closer with your own hands. There is no need for strength, enough skill, so both a woman and a teenager can cope with such work. If you don't know how to adjust your door closer or your public front door, don't despair, just imagine if you would like to speed up closing from its widest position, or just slamming it close at hand. In a couple of seconds, you can figure out how to increase the resistance of the door and how to weaken it. Any door closer is easy to adjust and can be broken only if the tensile force exceeds its technical capabilities. In this case, you will see an oil leak, and this will mean that the device will have to be replaced. After finishing work, do not forget to replace the cover and check the door operation again.
What if nothing works?
It happens that the door closer is adjusted with good information preparation, the instructions are at hand, but still the result cannot be achieved.
The range of modern door closers is very diverse. In this case, it is the wrong choice of this part, especially for heavy metal staircase doors. Most likely, the index of the European standard does not coincide with the weight or width of the door, the angle for fastening is incorrectly attached, or the holes for the self-tapping screws on which the closer is held are displaced.
In this case, the question of how to adjust the closer is not correct, since you need to change the intercom doors, or, more likely, remove the closer and insert a new, more powerful one. You should also pay attention to the lever, it must be perpendicular to the plane of the door. If it is misaligned, one of the closer links may need to be moved. When purchasing door closers, know that adjustment is easy, especially if the instructions are not lost.