Treatment facilities in the country. Modern autonomous private sewerage system for a country house, cottage or dacha

To make life in the country comfortable, it is necessary to carry out the main communications - plumbing and sewerage. In suburban areas, there is often no centralized sewerage network, so each owner of the house solves the problem on his own. Periodic use of the dwelling does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to arrange a septic tank.

Often in summer cottages, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is quite justified, but with the installation of plumbing fixtures and a large volume of drained water, it is not enough. In this article, we will talk about how to make a sewer in a country house with our own hands in various ways (from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping), and also demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photo and video instructions.

Sewerage should be built according to the developed project, including schemes for external and internal piping.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient is the installation of a collector of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country. You can dig a pit manually or with an excavator.
At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
It is necessary to install formwork from boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe trimmings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer line and the overflow pipe between the sections.
The formwork is poured with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume with the help of a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at a time.
In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a sealed section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, the wastewater will be divided into solid coarse fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that overflows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer of sedimentary rock (crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) to filter wastewater.
An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an inclination of 30 mm per linear meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made to provide better cleaning.
The overlap of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made reinforced concrete slabs are used. Be sure to arrange a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and exhaust. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump of such a system will be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil in the area is clayey or groundwater is very close to the surface, it will not work to arrange a septic tank of this design. You can stop at a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and fixed to a concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment plant. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings of a large area. Specialists are engaged in the installation and launch of the device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

External line laying

From the exit of the sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a pipeline. The main line must lie at a slope providing the flow of polluted water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the trench is shallow, provide thermal insulation for the line.

The average depth for laying sewers is 1 meter, in warm regions it is enough to go down by 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If necessary, make a turn, this place is equipped with a manhole. For the line, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be tight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of sewage, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in size. In two-chamber septic tanks, the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber ½. Here, a preliminary treatment of wastewater takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final post-treatment of wastewater takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. Thus, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid the systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.

It is worth considering that in wastewater, in addition to organic matter, there are also insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a design will also have to be periodically pumped out in order to get rid of the sediment that accumulates in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of a septic tank depends entirely on the size / volume / composition of wastewater.

For the independent construction of such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The norm of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of households, you will get the daily rate of water consumption in the house. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m each, and a width of 2 m. Multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. The minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to the drain pipe is 0.8 m.

The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this sediment thickens and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be immediately cleaned. The septic tank needs to be cleaned infrequently. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge for 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewage equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological preparations with special enzymes appeared, processing sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment plant.

Bacteria need to be "fed" with oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Tanks for a septic tank can be bought or made independently.

Before installing the finished structure of the septic tank, it is necessary to determine a suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house should go directly to the septic tank. Turning the pipeline is best avoided, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab / screed. The size of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise, melt water in the spring will flood the equipment of the device.

After installing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the stiffeners of the septic tank. In this case, you can not do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, after digging trenches for pipes, laying a sand cushion and installing pipes. They should be laid under a slight slope - 1-2 cm per linear meter. Pipe laying is carried out to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem, you will need a polypropylene cord and a building hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, it will be possible to insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be laid in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. The septic tank has special holes with stamps. Connect a cable to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your area is large enough, then insulate the septic tank. Insulation can be any heat-insulating material that can be used for laying in the ground.

After completing the connection of electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be covered with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure in the process of backfilling the soil, water must be poured into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the backfill level of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with a ready-made plastic autonomous sewage treatment system, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. An excellent inexpensive material for the implementation of the plan is concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

Affordable price.
Unpretentiousness during operation.
The ability to perform work without the help of specialists.

Of the shortcomings, the following deserve attention:

The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure absolutely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage equipment.

It is possible to reduce the frequency of the need to pump out a septic tank if bioactivators are used. They reduce the amount of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is illiterate, then the septic tank will be leaky, which will increase the risk of untreated sewage penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be airtight, so this drawback of the system is rightfully called conditional.

The scheme for the construction of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers designed for settling and treating wastewater and a filtration field / filter well.

If few people live in your house and a minimum of plumbing devices are connected to the sewer, then you can easily get by with a septic tank, consisting of one sump and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have many households and many devices connected to the sewer, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must contain a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that in order to build a septic tank for 5 people, you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m 3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that in order to equip a septic tank in this particular case, you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate the septic tank chambers and the filter well. These works, of course, can be done manually, but it is long and very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earthmoving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the installation site of the sedimentation chambers must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetration of untreated effluents into the ground. Before starting concrete work, it is necessary to drain a part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sedimentation tanks, laying a sand cushion on it, with a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a blank bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it, you need to make a pillow of sand, crushed stone and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. It is very difficult to perform these tasks manually. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is laborious. Yes, and the bottom will have to be filled after the installation of the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Typically, the rings are fastened together with a solution, but for greater structural reliability, they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not suffer due to ground movement.

Now it's time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they must be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints, you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. From the outside, the tanks must be treated with coating or built-up waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water ingress will be minimized.

Installation of ceilings / backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, in which holes are provided for mounting sewer manholes. Ideally, the backfilling of the excavation should be carried out with soil with a high percentage of sand in its composition. But if it is impossible to realize this, the pit can be covered with soil removed from it before.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design made of concrete goods, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.

For the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system according to the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. These can be old metal/plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have several advantages over their metal counterparts:

A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
Barrels are highly resistant to the aggressive effects of effluents. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at the place of permanent deployment.
Plastic does not need to be further processed, unlike metal.
The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of dirty water penetrating into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts, they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are fastened with cables to a concrete base (it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). In order not to crush plastic barrels, backfilling should be carried out very carefully.

For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for arranging sewerage is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a cover, you can use a wooden blank of the appropriate size or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig an appropriate pit, which also needs to be concreted - walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they have been treated with anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, their installation as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. Yes, and such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For the installation of a reliable wastewater treatment system, it is better to use factory polymer barrels.

To make a septic tank from 220 l barrels, you will need the following materials:

geotextile - 80 m 2;
sewerage pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
Y-shaped sewer tee - 4 pcs.;
building level;
drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
water tape - 1 pc.

Of the tools you will need:

Shovel.
Electric jigsaw.
Rake.

For a summer house / small country house, with economical use, standard plastic barrels are suitable. Installing such a cleaning system is easy. If you do not drain black drains into the sewer, then the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If the house has a toilet, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly, calling for sewage equipment.

For private houses with permanent residence, barrels will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation in the ground does not differ from the installation of barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewer to the house:

there is a need for a large deepening of the pipeline;
on the way to the septic tank, you will need to install a revision well.

The sewerage system from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed for overflowing liquid from one barrel to another and a transition to the filtration fields / drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated with foam. After that, the pit with a septic tank is filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Pipe laying

Scheme

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septic tank- local treatment facilities designed for private use and the organization of autonomous suburban sewage, in simple words - sewerage for summer cottages and sewerage for the house. To date, a septic tank is the most affordable treatment plant for a private house.

Septic tank for a summer residence as a rule, it is small in size and requires from 1 to 3 square meters for its installation. meters of land and about 10 square meters for a soil filter. Installing a septic tank is quite simple, but you must first take into account several requirements.

Septic tank for home may have a slightly larger size than a septic tank for a summer residence. Sizes depend on the number of people living in the house. It is also possible to install one large septic tank for several houses. Installation of a septic tank is possible on most land plots, however, there are exceptions that need to be considered.

Biological wastewater treatment plant BioPURIT- an advanced biological treatment system for a private house, which includes all the positive qualities that SEPTIC and taking into account modern developments and recommendations for improving the process of domestic wastewater treatment and maintenance of an autonomous sewage system. For those who consider the septic tank insufficient for their needs, the BioPURIT station is the best fit.

SBR system- this is a fairly new product on the market for cleaning the sewers of private houses. Most common SBR in the west. The system is more complex with a high level of purification. septic tank in this system, it can only be used as a container for creating an SBR bioreactor. The cost of the system is noticeably higher than other purification systems. Justifies the system - autonomy, compactness, economy and high level of cleaning.

All treatment systems are applicable in the following versions:

private house (detached or inside residential complexes)
cottage (detached or inside residential complexes)
cottage (installation on several houses is possible)

Domestic waste water

Domestic drains They are divided according to the types of contaminants contained into two main types:

First - " gray stock» - includes drains for sinks, bathtubs, showers, etc.
Second - " black stock» - fecal drain from toilet bowls

Domestic waste water take place both in residential premises and in production (domestic premises). The degree of pollution of wastewater directly depends on the rate of water consumption by each resident. Therefore, in the calculations purely residents are used.

Domestic wastewater treatment plant- a relatively simple process associated with the main types of prevailing pollution in wastewater:

biological are biological objects such as microorganisms, fungi, bacteria, etc.
organic- various organic compounds, physiological excretions (faeces), animal waste, food waste, vegetable oils, vegetable waste.
mineral- usually it is earth dust, sand, clay, small stones, acids, alkalis, salts, etc.
The chemical composition varies depending on the region and season.

The discharge of untreated domestic wastewater into soils or open water bodies extremely quickly worsens the ecological situation in a given place, the risk of infection with various diseases of people, animals and plants, as well as the occurrence of local epidemics, increases significantly.

In this regard, a mandatory quality, multi-stage treatment of domestic wastewater prior to their discharge into the soil or water.

domestic wastewater treatment plant created to solve these problems.

The process of cleaning domestic wastewater is phased:

removal of suspended solids
decomposition of organic particles
breakdown of chemical compounds
water clarification
soil post-treatment

Soil post-treatment is important if the treatment system is chosen - installation of a septic tank. It takes place on a specially allocated plot of land called "filtration fields" or "scattering fields". This section is made up of several drainage layers. When it is not possible to organize filtration fields on the site, a special post-treatment filter is installed. Which brings the wastewater treatment that the septic tank provides to a level that allows the discharge of treated water onto open ground or into an open reservoir.

An ultraviolet disinfection module can also be added to the domestic wastewater treatment plant. This module significantly improves the biochemical quality of the outlet water by disinfecting it without creating by-products such as chloroform produced when water is chlorinated.

Domestic wastewater treatment- one of the most important tasks in the widespread development of mass suburban construction in Russia. The requirements for individual housing construction necessarily include the construction of a sewerage system and treatment facilities. Our experts will offer turnkey solutions for domestic wastewater treatment for both individual construction ( septic tank for a summer residence, septic tank for home, biological treatment plant), as well as for large settlements.

Treatment for a country house
Country sewerage
Sewerage for home and garden

Hybrid Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant BioPURIT

Septic tank for home
Septic tank for a summer residence

SBR - biological treatment system

SBR biological treatment system this is one of the modern promising solutions in the field of biological treatment of domestic wastewater. SBR - Sequence Batch Reactor. The advantage of SBR over traditional cleaning methods, where water passes by gravity through several tanks or chambers, is that in SBR these cleaning steps are carried out cyclically inside one tank - bioreactor. SBR system is a local treatment plant using the principle of activated sludge formation by accumulation method. Domestic sewage pollution is quickly absorbed by activated sludge microorganisms in the tank and converted by these microorganisms into biomass.

Tornado - biological treatment system (new)

The Tornado system involves sewage treatment up to 98%
Chamber 1 (preparatory stage): waste chamber. The action is based on the primary deposition of particles in sludge (mixtures of dust, ash, soot, smoke, sulfates, nitrates, etc.). Sludge is formed less than in popular SBR installations by half. This means that sludge removal is carried out 2 times less often!
Chamber 2 (bioreactor): The bioreactor chamber is filled with floating colored bodies (EvU-Pearls) on which active microorganisms settle. They also carry out biological treatment. Microorganisms form a biofilm and feed on atmospheric oxygen.
Chamber 3 (post-treatment): After two stages of purification, water enters the third chamber and is returned by air ejectors to chamber 1 and chamber 2. Purified clarified water from the third compartment, after the necessary processing cycles, is discharged into the ground.

Fiberglass storage tank

Biofilter

Well for wastewater treatment

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Right selection of a treatment plant is a very important indicator in the work of the company and the formation of positive customer reviews about this company.

Discussing the details with the client is essential for the most correct choice of the type of treatment plant, as well as the selection of the most appropriate treatment technology. There are a number of questions, the answers to which will provide a complete picture of what kind of autonomous or modern local sewerage necessary.

These questions are divided into groups:

1. Calculation of the volume of a treatment plant of a local or autonomous type

you need to know the total amount of flow per day
runoff characteristics (grey waters, black waters)
periods of residence
peak periods (depending on the number of people living in the house at the same time)

2. drainage.

the presence of a slope in the territory
the presence of elevation marks on the site in relation to the general state of the relief
groundwater level on the site, mandatory accounting of the process of snow melting in autumn
the height of groundwater underground at the highest and lowest points of the relief
presence on site drainage system(cuvettes, ditches, etc.)
Availability stormwater collection facilities and its cleaning
it is necessary to determine the composition of the soil, its ability to filter

3. Sources of drinking water and their sanitary zones

it is necessary to clarify the presence on the site of a well with drinking water or a water well
situational characteristics (locating near the site of neighboring residential buildings)
the presence of wells with drinking water on the neighbors' plots
location of a site near the water protection zone of a special purpose reservoir
you need to specify the point of discharge

4. Technical characteristics of the object

the depth at which the exit from the house of the sewer pipe is located
the presence of a riser with ventilation, the presence of an internal sewer system
distance from the wall of the room to the approximate installation site of the treatment equipment
the presence of a constant supply of electricity
the possibility of approaching a sewage truck to the distance necessary for pumping.

Autonomous sewerage of a private house or Autonomous sewerage with your own hands.

To make a decision about a manufacturer of wastewater treatment equipment, the client needs to have knowledge that could help him navigate the market.

5. Manufacturer and brand

the manufacturer's productive potential and feedback on the market
distributors in different locations
availability of territories allocated for warehouses
installation and maintenance services
transportation services
availability of stocks in warehouses and delivery time of equipment

6. Equipment specifications

material
design features
strength characteristics
modular design
universal equipment

7. Price

value for money
ratio of market price to producer prices

8. Guarantees

product warranty period
installation warranty period

9. Maintenance and other services

availability of service providers in your area
the presence of contractor groups involved in the installation of equipment
the possibility of consultation and implementation of the process of drawing up the binding of treatment equipment directly in one of the company's offices

10. Differences from similar products on the market

ease of use
reliable performance
availability of self-service
lack of complex technologies in the equipment
high quality cleaning
the possibility of various configurations depending on the characteristics of the object

1) Calculation of the volume and performance of the modern sewerage system

1.1 Used as autonomous sewers or local sewers , treatment facilities must be installed only after an accurate calculation of data regarding the number of people living in the house at the same time, as well as the number and volume of plumbing fixtures. The following factors must be taken into account: the average number of people living in a daily period, a possible increase in the volume of flow due to the appearance of guests to calculate the reserve.
1.2 The volume of runoff sometimes changes as the composition of the wastewater changes. To do this, you should understand the issues regarding separate drainage. Waste water is divided into gray water and black water. Black waters assume the presence of faecal effluents, which make up approximately 5 percent of the total composition of wastewater from joint drainage. Gray water is the collection of wastewater from all kinds of plumbing fixtures, such as a bathtub, shower or sink.
1.3 The seasonality of residence is an important factor that must be taken into account due to the fact that the full operation of the treatment plant depends on the continuous supply of sewage. Runoff waters contain organic substances necessary for the biological treatment process through the work of microorganisms. Uneven flow can disrupt the work of such organisms, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of the treatment process.
1.4 The size of the third chamber of the septic tank must be determined in advance so that peak loads do not disrupt the complete cleaning process and do not wash out incompletely purified water along with some of the beneficial microorganisms.

Calculation of daily flow volumes and the required volumes of treatment equipment for local or autonomous sewage.
The volume of wastewater per day dictates the volume of treatment equipment. The calculation should be made on the basis of regulatory documents, in this case it is SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings (Appendix 3 of the water consumption rate by consumers)
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on the data given in SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings. An average rate of 200 liters per person is taken as an average value and is used in the calculation. This norm includes all plumbing fixtures that a person can use.
The calculation of the required volumes of treatment equipment is carried out in strict accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.
The daily inflow of wastewater determines the required volume of a septic tank for a country house: if the volume of wastewater does not exceed 5 cubic meters per day, then the volume of the septic tank should be 15 cubic meters (that is, three times more). With a volume of wastewater exceeding 5 cubic meters per day, the volume of the septic tank should be two and a half times the volume of the drain. These calculations are valid for at least one use of the cleaning equipment.
The volume of the septic tank can be reduced by 15-20 percent only if the average wastewater temperature in winter exceeds 10 degrees, and the rate per person is more than 150 liters per day.

For example: five people live in a country house at the same time, therefore, 5 people. * 200 l = 1000 l/day. Therefore, the volume of treatment equipment should be 3000 liters (1000*3=3000). Such a tripling is necessary for the cleaning process, since the work of beneficial microorganisms is carried out for 3 days.
Calculations of the volume of facilities for cleaning at industrial enterprises, campsites, hotels, hostels are carried out on the basis of the standards specified in SNiP 2.04.01-85.

2) Water drainage

During planning systems local sewers or modern autonomous sewers very important points should be clarified regarding the place where the purified water will fall. These factors can seriously affect cleaning equipment.

2.1 The presence of a natural slope on the site allows you to use it when building systems water drainage
2.2 The general topography of the area in which the site is located can give an idea of what will happen as a result of increased volume of wastewater discharge, taking into account the level of groundwater and the ability of the soil to filter.
2.3 It is strictly forbidden to neglect the knowledge of information regarding the level of groundwater, since this factor is extremely important in the construction of treatment equipment. The water level can be determined by test drilling. After such an operation, a special document is issued that reflects the most important characteristics of the soil and a description of the soil layers.
Missing groundwater information can be filled with site data by checking the following:
- the depth of the foundation of the house
- the presence of ditches, ravines, standing water on the base
- determine the direction of water movement in the ditches (if any)

Failure to periodically change wastewater can lead to unpleasant odors. The three points above can provide information on the standing of groundwater, taking into account seasonal changes (snowmelt and showers in spring). The level of waters under the ground can radically change the drainage system and transform it from gravity to pressure, the discharge of which is carried out using a pump. In the case when the groundwater level exceeds the depth at which the sewage treatment plant outlet pipe is laid, a sealed water intake well should be used to install a sewage pump with a float switch.

2.4 If the site is located at lower points of the relief, then the probability of seasonal and permanent flooding, as well as periodic complete or partial waterlogging of the site, should be taken into account.

2.5 Artificial or natural systems drainage are pluses when considering options for sewer equipment. In this case, we can talk about ditches on the site, as well as other drainage systems on a larger scale. Such systems allow lowering the groundwater level and thus facilitating the installation of equipment for the removal of treated wastewater.

2.6 The equipped wastewater collection and treatment system allows it to be used for the disposal of wastewater that has been treated.

2.7 The composition of the soil and its ability to filter are very important indicators in the selection of treatment equipment. Everything that was described in paragraph 2.3, as well as test drilling of wells and geological data, must be strictly taken into account.
The constituents of the soil and its filtration capacity have a strong influence on the water drainage system and, consequently, on the required pipe length. sewers and the number of wells performing filtration.
There is a need to consider different options for diverting water:
— dependence of the design of water treatment equipment on climate conditions, soil type, groundwater level, water discharge conditions after treatment, terrain, runoff water discharge conditions (with a sufficient level of purification)
The project for the construction of a treatment facility is developed taking into account a special link to the facility; at the same time, a detailed study of the hydrogeological situation in the area of possible placement, the presence of karst rocks, the level of protection of the underground aquifer, the height of groundwater, and the ability of the soil to filter are obligatory.
Where draining of wastewater after being in a septic tank is impossible according to sanitary standards, a filtration field should be installed, which is a system of pipes for drainage laid in rubble on a sandy base. Water will pass through it and fall into the layers of rubble for filtering, and then soak into the soil. It is recommended to use a filter trench, a filtration well, a filter with activated materials, and ultraviolet lamps for disinfection.

Equipment for soil post-treatment:

soaking trench
well for filtration
filtration trench or gravel-sand filter
underground filtration field

Their installation is carried out on soils for filtration - sandy loam, sandy soils, and on soils that are not capable of filtering runoff, provided that the groundwater level is more than 1 meter from the base of the well, drainage pipe tray or irrigation pipe tray. The equipment is equipped with risers for ventilation with a diameter of 10 cm, and their height should be greater than the likely level of snow cover (usually 0.7 m). Ventilation should be installed at the end of each irrigation line and at the beginning of each drain pipe. The length of the irrigation system and the size of the well are determined based on the water consumption per 1 square meter of surface for filtration (walls and bottom of the well) or per 1 square meter of irrigation pipe length.

The method of water diversion should be chosen depending on the ability of the water in the area to filter.

The filtering well is installed on soils for filtration (sandy loam, sands) with a filtering area of 1.5 square meters of sand or 3 square meters of sandy loam (per resident of a country house). The larger the filtering area, the higher the service life of the well. The groundwater level should be 50 centimeters below the crushed stone layer and 1 meter below the base of the well. The well for filtration is made of brick, prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete.

Soak trench (platform)

Where draining after being cleaned by a septic tank is not recommended according to sanitation standards, you can put an additional absorbent pad or make an absorbent trench, which is a pipeline route made of porous material. Water enters the soil and passes through a layer of soil ideal for the life of beneficial bacteria. Trenches and soaking pads are used where sandy or sandy soils predominate - in this case, these systems are a pipeline or a system of pipes for irrigation, installed at a depth of 0.6-0.9 meters, and 1 meter higher than the groundwater level. Systems irrigation - these are perforated pipes installed with a slope of 1 to 3 percent, which is 1-3 cm per 1 m of pipe. The pipes rest on a bedding created from broken bricks, fine gravel, slag or crushed stone. A ventilation riser must be located at the end of each pipe, its height must be at least 0.7 m. Almost one hundred percent cleaning efficiency is achieved through the use of such additional cleaning systems.

Trench for filtration
A filtration trench is installed where the soil has a low filtration capacity. It is a recess with drainage and irrigation pipe networks. Typically, these trenches are placed close to swamps, ditches, or bodies of water. Water that has been treated in a filtration trench flows there by gravity. Crushed stone and sand should fill the space between the drainage and irrigation networks.

The sand gravel filter resembles a filtration trench, with drainage and irrigation pipes arranged in parallel.

An underground filtration field or filtration trench is usually located along a natural slope in the terrain. 12 meters is the recommended limit for the length of one drainage or irrigation network. The slope in the direction of water movement should be 1 percent (that is, 10 millimeters per 1 meter of pipe). When choosing the configuration of the underground filtration field (linear, parallel, radial), one should take into account the general layout, the size of the site, the relief, plans for further landscaping or landscaping.
Uniform distribution of wastewater when using several irrigation or drainage pipes is carried out at the expense of a distribution well.

Parallel pipes are usually made either in separate trenches, or in one wide trench in which 2 or 3 lines of irrigation pipes are installed (it is important to respect the distance between the axes). 1 or 2 drainage pipes are installed at a distance below the irrigation pipes. The filtered water will subsequently be collected in drainage pipes and discharged into a ditch or ravine, etc.

An aftertreatment filter is a device that is used when there are increased requirements for the quality of waste water treatment. The material used as a filter can be crushed granite, sand, granulated blast-furnace slag, gravel, anthracite, polymers or activated carbon.

Calculation of the length of pipes for irrigation (Extract. Sewerage. External networks and structures) SNiP 2.04.03.85

6.190. The total length of the irrigation pipes should be determined depending on the loads presented in Table 49. The length of each of the sprinklers should not exceed 20 meters

Notes:

load indicators are presented for those areas in which the average annual precipitation is up to 500 millimeters.
with average annual precipitation ranging from 500 to 600 millimeters, the load values \u200b\u200bshould be reduced by 10-20 percent, but if the average annual rate exceeds 600 millimeters, then a decrease in the load value by 20-30 percent is recommended. For climatic region I and subregion IIIA, the value is reduced by 15 percent. The reduction percentage is greater when considering sandy loamy soils, and less when the terrain consists mainly of sandy soils.
coarse-grained bedding with a thickness of 20 to 50 centimeters involves the use of coefficients of 1.2-1.5 when considering the load value.
with a specific water discharge of more than 150 liters per person, the load values increase by 20 percent. The same applies to sites with seasonal stay.
Calculation of the approximate length of pipes for irrigation in underground fields for filtration in accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. Outdoor structures" taking into account the increase in the coefficient of coarse-grained bedding and the increase in load, if the water discharge rate exceeds 150 liters per person.
area with precipitation of 70 millimeters
the use of coarse-grained bedding with a layer of 20 to 50 centimeters (1.5 - coefficient)
specific water disposal per person is 200 liters (the load increases by 20 percent).

3) Water sources of drinking water and sanitary zones

3.1 Consideration regarding the installation of a sewer systems on the site involves taking into account such a factor as the presence of a water well or a drinking well. In this case, it is necessary to determine the depth of standing water in the well and the depth of the well. Such information will make it possible to approximately determine the depth of the drinking water level in the area.

3.2 When considering the option for water diversion, one should take into account the presence of devices for water intake not only directly on the territory of the site, but also in the territories adjacent to it (neighbors, water protection zones). It is necessary to take into account the location of the site in the general scale of the area, as well as to determine the area of adjacent sites.

3.3 If neighbors' plots are located close to the water withdrawal point, then the sanitary zones of neighbors' plots should be taken into account, as well as determine whether they have drinking water intake devices.

3.4 If the site is located in the water protection zone of a fishery reservoir, then this implies additional restrictions on the use of wastewater treatment facilities, as well as their additional disinfection using special equipment. Chlorine cartridges, ultraviolet lamps, ozonation, etc. are used to carry out the disinfection process. At the design stage, all this is coordinated by the supervisory authorities in accordance with the existing scheme within the framework of regulatory documents.

3.5 When performing work on the project, the supervisory authorities agree on the type of facility for treatment, its required indicators and characteristics of the quality of wastewater treatment. All of the above factors are carefully considered, sanitary zones are also defined, and the final point of wastewater discharge is agreed. The most important thing when agreeing on a water discharge point is to take into account the level of protection of the aquifer for drinking water.

4) Technical characteristics of the object.

4.1 Pre-design binding during development autonomous sewerage and installation of treatment facilities, as well as site planning and installation planning, are the first steps. By the time of choosing the type of facility for treatment, it should be understood that the facility itself is not at all some kind of complete complex for water treatment and that it requires the arrangement of engineering networks.
Tying the pipeline to the outlet of the fan pipe from the house is the beginning of calculating the required depths. The pipeline should be laid on a bed of sand with a slope of 2 to 3 percent per meter of pipeline. Such a slope is responsible for ensuring uniform movement of dense inclusions, such as fecal discharge in the general flow of liquid substances, and also prevents the formation of any blockages.
The depth at which the fan pipe is laid is determined by building codes, taking into account the depth of freezing characteristic of the area. You can use additional elements for heating or heaters that are able to maintain temperatures from +2 to +5 degrees. The use of moisture-saturated materials is necessary when installing insulation that could withstand soil loads. Such heaters include energy flex, thermoflex, extruded foam plastic for insulation of foundation structures. The thickness of such insulation depends on the depth of the pipeline.

4.2 Sanitary zones of 5 meters are required for septic tanks, which should be taken into account when planning the site before installing a treatment facility. If the distance increases, then the amount of work also increases, and the junction point of the sewer pipe to the inlet of the treatment facility and the exit point from the treatment facility when using a gravity flow scheme are also deepened. This factor is very important, because a small increase in the depth of the exit from the treatment facility leads to additional difficulties in arranging drainage systems . If there is no possibility to divert purified runoff water from a considerable depth, then the circuit should be converted from gravity (non-pressure) to pressure, and, as a result, a sewer pump and a well for receiving water should be ordered as a set. This factor is of great importance in the presence of a high groundwater level, as a high level can lead to flooding of the treatment plant, making it impossible to use it.
With a large depth of the exit from the treatment facility, the existing slope to the point of lowering the relief should be taken into account.

4.4 When installing a pressure circuit using a sewage pump, the mandatory availability of a permanent power supply should be taken into account. The float switch on the pumping equipment carries out the processes of periodic switching on of the pump as a certain amount of wastewater accumulates and drains into drainage systems .
Cleaning facilities are not 100 percent dependent on electricity, because the cleaning process itself uses technologies that do not require an energy supply. The use of electrically dependent devices is inevitable only when a pressure circuit is used. If there are interruptions in the supply of electricity, then the treatment plant has a reserve part for accumulation (a well for receiving water and a biological filter chamber in the respective systems). The volumes of the reserve part of the well and the biological filter are 0.62 m / cu - 1.5 m / cu., which allows residents to use plumbing in the house for quite a long time.

4.5 The dimensions of the site, taking into account the sanitary zones, must be considered when drawing up the installation plan.

4.6 Periodic maintenance is necessary for the correct operation of any type of treatment facility. Systems using a septic tank must be serviced once a year. When using additional bioenzymatic additives, it increases the percentage of wastewater treatment, and also extends the period between maintenance of facilities for cleaning by a sewage machine up to three years.
Due to the fact that the length of the hose of the sewage truck is 7 meters, when planning the layout of the installation of the cleaning facility in such a way that the truck can drive up to a distance of no more than 4-5 meters.
In extreme cases, a transfer pump or sewage pump can be used to pump out the accumulated sediment. In this case, pumping is carried out into the tank of the machine or onto a pile for decay and subsequent use as fertilizer.
The use of the obtained humus without preliminary heat treatment is unacceptable due to the fact that it may contain pathogenic bacteria or helminth eggs.

5) Manufacturer

5.1 In view of the fact that the manufacture of this type of product is a complex technological and production process, this fact should be taken into account when assessing the cost of such equipment and the durability of its operation. Therefore, it is worth excluding consideration of the option of purchasing complex structures made in a handicraft way.
The purchase of equipment from firms that are not specialists in a particular field always leads to additional financial costs.

6) Equipment specifications

6.1 Some of our treatment facilities are made of fiberglass.
The scope of products made of composite materials based on fiberglass when using different types of resins is maximized due to the strength of this material. The strength characteristics of fiberglass are comparable even with metal, and sometimes even surpass it in some indicators, such as corrosion and chemical resistance, specific gravity, etc. Thus, cleaning facilities made of fiberglass are much more convenient to use than equipment made of polyethylene or reinforced concrete.
In fact, polyethylene septic tanks are cheaper than fiberglass, but they require special installation due to their low strength. In such a process, it is necessary to involve the installation of a special reinforced concrete box, which will significantly increase the cost of the equipment and its installation in total. Reinforced concrete has a number of significant drawbacks - it is very heavy, requires the mandatory use of special equipment for transportation and installation, is also leaky and is able to pass water. Aggressive environments can destroy a reinforced concrete structure.

Therefore, fiberglass is one of the best options, as it meets all the requirements that apply to facilities for cleaning. It is light, strong, durable, and it is these qualities that must be considered when choosing sewer system for a country house.

7) Cost

7.1 The price of our company's products is in the middle compared to other manufacturers of cleaning equipment. It is safe to say that almost all systems Russian-made, made of polyethylene, are cheaper than imported products. We have already explained what are the advantages and disadvantages of polyethylene and fiberglass.

8) Guarantees

8.1 Trademarks Graf and Traidenis provides warranties for treatment facilities - 10 years for the underground part and 3 years for the blower, compressor.

8.2 Work carried out on the installation of cleaning equipment by an organization is guaranteed directly by this organization.

9) Maintenance

9.1 The necessary consultations of our specialists are free of charge. The company provides the necessary support in the selection of the type of treatment facility, which takes place directly at the company's office, where they also provide all the necessary information regarding the treatment facility.

9.2 Our company also informs you about the existence of related organizations that carry out dealer activities, and also provides information about the presence of an authorized representative of the company in your area, performing the entire list of services from the purchase of equipment to its installation.

You should be guided by the Product Passport, as well as the installation and operation manual when considering a possible arrangement scheme in a country house autonomous sewerage .

Activated sludge is sludge found in a biological treatment facility (aerotank) that is formed from solid particles suspended in domestic sewage. A variety of microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) serve as the basis for activated sludge. The process consists in the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria, which in turn are eaten by the simplest unicellular organisms. Activated sludge is an accelerator of the process of purification and oxidation of wastewater.

Anaerobic bacteria are microorganisms that can survive in an environment without oxygen.

Aeration - This is the artificial saturation of the environment in the water with air to oxidize the organic substances in it. Aeration is the basis of the biological wastewater treatment process in aerotanks and biofilters, as well as in other treatment facilities.

Aerobic bacteria are microorganisms that require oxygen to live. Aerobic bacteria are divided into conditional and unconditional (the former can live on a small amount of oxygen, while the latter live without it at all - in this case they receive oxygen from sulfates, nitrates, etc.). Denitrifying bacteria, for example, belong to a species of conditional bacteria.

Aerotank (aero-air, tank-capacity) - This is a container for wastewater treatment from organic pollution due to their oxidation by various microorganisms that are in activated sludge. With the help of a pneumatic or mechanical aerator, air is introduced into the aerotank, mixing the runoff water with activated sludge and saturating it with the oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. A continuous supply of oxygen and a strong saturation of wastewater with activated sludge provide a high degree of intensity of the oxidation of organic substances and allow a high degree of purification to be achieved.

Aerofilter - This is a biological wastewater treatment device, which differs from the biofilter in that it has a larger area of the filtration layer, and also in that it has an air supply device installed to ensure a high degree of oxidation.

Biological wastewater treatment - This is one of the methods for removing harmful substances and microorganisms from industrial domestic wastewater, based on the ability inherent in microorganisms to use organic pollutants as food.

Biofilter - This is a device for artificial biological wastewater treatment, which is made in the form of a container with a double bottom and coarse-grained material for filtration inside (crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, gravel, etc.). Accumulations of microorganisms form a biological film as a result of passing through the wastewater filter material. Microorganisms mineralize and oxidize organic matter.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - This is the amount of oxygen that is needed for the final decomposition of organic matter contained in runoff water. An indicator of the degree of water pollution, which is characterized by the amount of oxygen spent for a specified time on the oxidation of pollutants (5 days - BOD 5), which are contained in one unit of water volume.

Nitrification is the treatment of wastewater from ammonium nitrogen.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) This is the amount of oxygen required for the final oxidation of the wastewater.

10) Differences from analogues on the market

10.1 No difficulty in use. The installation and operation of Traidenis and GRAF brand cleaning facilities does not require special skills or technical knowledge.

10.2 The reliability of our cleaning systems is also ensured by the fact that cleaning is carried out through the use of natural biological processes, and this is an indisputable advantage over systems that use complex technological solutions in their work.

10.3 Cesspool cars carry out maintenance of treatment systems. With the help of a sewage pump or a transfer pump, pumping is possible if it is impossible to drive the machine to the installation site of the treatment facility.

10.4 There is no need for complex technological solutions due to the fact that the operation does not involve the use of complex devices in the operation of the facility for cleaning and drainage systems treated wastewater during water disposal.

10.5 Wastewater treatment quality:

Water withdrawal:

A septic tank that does not use bioenzymes (up to 50 percent). Maintenance periods after 1 year. Mandatory post-treatment of the soil.
A septic tank that uses bioenzymes (up to 70 percent).

When considering the discharge of water to a closed-type drainage system or storm sewer, it should be taken into account that systems , which are analogous to the systems of our company, do not have hydraulic seals or blockers in their design, without which only 35 percent of wastewater treatment is achieved. The absence of a stable water mirror does not allow such systems to use bioenzymes.

Discharge of treated stagnant water onto land is prohibited for all types of treatment facilities.

Systems post-treatment is a mandatory addition to any water treatment scheme when considering the option of discharging water in a fishery area. For this, sand filters, physical and chemical devices, reagents such as coagulants or flocculants, disinfection with UV lamps, ozonation, chlorine cartridges are used.

Qualified employees of our company will help you make the right choice of system autonomous sewerage and answer all your questions.

Modern autonomous private sewerage system for a country house, cottage or dacha. Selection, description, advice.

Our company is engaged in the production of autonomous sewers for private houses. With BIO-S products, you organize productive wastewater treatment for further use of liquids for technical needs. We sell gravity, turnkey forced systems - with further installation and maintenance. You can also purchase an autonomous sewer with the desired level of performance, volley discharge. We will deliver the order to the desired address in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Construction of structures

Household sewers "BIO-S" are made of several parts. The case is polypropylene. The material is not subject to corrosion, withstands the effects of aggressive substances. There are compartments inside the case. When wastewater passes through them, it is cleaned from contaminants by means of aerobic bacteria. The output is a clear liquid. It enters directly into the ground, water or reservoirs. In the latter case, it is possible to use purified water for irrigation and other household needs.

Advantages of our products

Local sewer systems are an effective way of diverting drains of different levels of pollution. Installation of structures without pumping out is in demand among owners of country houses, since they:

purify wastewater by 98%;
made of high-strength, moisture-resistant material;
do not let unpleasant odors out;
have a compact size that allows you to install structures in small areas;
non-volatile - the system will work even when there is a power outage;
easy to install due to low weight;
do not require frequent maintenance - once a year is enough.

With all the advantages, the cost of treatment facilities is favorable. You buy an autonomous sewer from the manufacturer. This not only determines an attractive price, but also guarantees the quality of products. In addition, we additionally provide services for the installation and maintenance of systems. As a result of cooperation, you get reliable sewerage and high-quality service from BIO-S professionals.

Call at a convenient time and ask questions. We will advise on the choice of an autonomous sewage system, the production of custom-made structures, and discuss the nuances of the provision of services. Do not doubt that cooperation with "BIO-S" will be fruitful and pleasant.

The convenience of living in a country house or in a country house is highly dependent on the availability of a sewer system. If it is impossible to connect to the sewer network, it is recommended to install a local treatment plant for a summer residence, where domestic wastewater will be collected and processed. The EcoTechAvangard company designs and manufactures modern, economical to install and efficient sewerage systems for cottages. Our product range includes aeration stations that provide deep biological wastewater treatment, and autonomous sewers for private households.

Purification system functions

Objects of this type perform 2 basic functions: collection of domestic wastewater and their further treatment in order to prepare for disposal in a natural way. In our systems, cleaning is carried out by a biochemical method in several stages.

Mechanical. Large fractions and undissolved impurities are retained in the treatment plant for giving.

biological. Aerobic / anaerobic mechanisms process complex substances into simpler ones suitable for further utilization. Complete processing of organic inclusions, including nitrogenous ones, is carried out.

Physico-chemical. Such cleaning consists in getting rid of suspensions and dissolved impurities.

Equipment for wastewater treatment plants

The package of treatment facilities for the home may include diverse equipment: pumps, filters and biological treatment complexes, compressors, controls, etc. The final list depends on the type of sewer installation and customer requirements. In general, the equipment can be divided into treatment (various traps, filters, etc.); functional (ensures the operation of the structure - for example, pumps organize the supply of wastewater); drainage. Also, modern stations are equipped with controls.

Operating principle

Our systems use biochemical wastewater treatment with activated sludge. Organic pollution is processed by accumulations of aerobic (requiring oxygen) bacteria. Conventionally, the process taking place in a treatment plant for the home can be divided into two stages.

biological maturation. At this stage, in the aerotank, subject to the supply of oxygen, the optimal amount of active sludge (sludge) is built up, which depends on the volume and chemical composition of the effluents, and the operating mode of the installation.

Stationary biochemical oxidation. First, the biosorption of organic inclusions by activated sludge flakes occurs, as a result of which the amount of pollution decreases sharply. Then decarbonization and further decomposition of organics are started with the involvement of more complex biochemical reactions.

Further wastewater treatment consists in their nitrification. This is the decomposition of nitrogen-containing substances. Thus, treatment facilities for the home provide multi-level wastewater treatment.

Types of treatment facilities

Septic tanks. They are tanks made of metal, plastic, concrete. The number of cameras may vary. Conventional storage septic tanks have one compartment where wastewater accumulates. The latter are not cleared. More advanced treatment facilities for giving include several departments, in each of which a certain type of cleaning is carried out.

Aerotanks. They provide a constant flow of wastewater. Throughout the volume of the aerotank, aerobic bacteria are actively working, which decompose the contaminants present in the wastewater. Usually, effluents are fed into the aerotank after undergoing mechanical treatment. It should be borne in mind that this type of treatment plant for giving provides for mandatory equipment with aerators that force air into the system.

Bionic system. Unlike septic tanks, it does not require the mandatory arrangement of filtration fields. The Bionic system compares favorably with aerotanks in that, in the absence of electricity, it turns into a conventional septic tank, maintaining its performance until the electrics are turned on.

Architectural and construction execution

Semi-embedded or buried. The cleaning system for giving is fully or partially dug into the ground. Such stations are compact in size and operate completely autonomously. They do not spoil the view of the site. However, their basic drawback is the need to perform earthworks. It should also provide access to the equipment. Usually this option is equipped at the stage of building a house.

In a building made of light metal structures. If the site area allows, the cottage sewerage system is located in a separate building. Usually it is assembled from light metal structures. This method of organizing local sewerage is good because it does not require earthworks and is performed quickly enough. Free access to the equipment for the purpose of repair/maintenance is provided. The downside is the need to allocate special areas for the system.

Container version. With this installation option, the system is a single container, where all the necessary elements and assemblies are collected. This option is convenient due to its compact size. Installation is faster and easier than with other options for organizing local sewerage. The disadvantage is the complexity of repair and maintenance, because in the event of a failure of a certain element, the entire structure will have to be opened.

What to consider when choosing

When choosing a sewer for a cottage, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the average daily volume of effluents. According to the current SNiP, it is 200 liters per person. Individual characteristics are also important, for example, the volume of the bath, the number of water use points, the number of wastewater discharged into the installation at a time. The next important parameter is the types of pollution. It is necessary to take into account the varieties of disinfectants and cleaning products used in everyday life, the need to ensure grease removal and disinfection of effluents. The third point is the features of the architecture of the building and the relief of the site. It is necessary to determine how the purified water will be disposed of - by gravity or through forced release. The depth of laying the sewer pipe, the height of the rise of soil water, the level of freezing, and the relief of the site matter.

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