When the billet of the round forest is performed, first of all try to accurately calculate its cube.
Measurement is performed in the upper cut, where the diameter will be slightly less. When measuring the trunks that have a cross section, different from the round, try to make measurements by the narrow cross section, passing through the center of annual rings of wood.
This technique is used because it allows you to most accurately estimate how edged lumber from one logs, having the greatest value in woodworking. Obviously, they will do them, based on the diameter of the upper cut.
For the same reason, the grinding part of the trunk, where the difference between large and smaller cuts is large, prefer to discard and do not use in the workpiece. Anyway to take on the sawmill there will be a forest on the top cut.
When determining the length, measurements are made with an accuracy of up to 10 cm, while the length is rounded to a smaller side. Such accuracy is made due to the fact that with a roll of logs, they usually make two inscribed - one above, the other below. First they make the bottom, then the upper - on the other hand. Falls in the other side where his macushkin tends. The propyls make that the bottom was from the other side where the trunk should fall.
At the same time, the upper propyl is done on the other hand, standing in the direction opposite to the most likely drop. During the subsequent sawing, the whip is usually diverting with a saw on one propyl, however, often the error of the cut is allowed - it can take place a little oblique, because of this such a big error.
Calculation by cabinets
In accordance with it, it is possible to determine the volume of each log, performing measurements and pick up the value on the table. In the table, the diameter of the trunk is increments of 1-2 cm, and the length of 10 cm. Of course, it is not entirely convenient to use the entire table of the bubble.
This table shows the data for the most common diameters of the upper cut and lengths. It is usually required to consider the volume for a log length of up to 6 meters. It is the brica of such a length that the majority of the standard bodies of ordinary, non-specialized as timber trucks or timber trailers for tractors, it is in size up to 6 meters a squabble of whips.
Naturally, when the forest is handed over to the pilor, it does not go about any "approximate" calculations, and it is necessary to apply the full GOST with the final calculation - because it is the sawmills, and the depths of forests who love the accurate count.
Calculation of the formula
V \u003d πd²l / 4, where D is the diameter of the barrel in the upper cut, L is the length of the log, π \u003d 3.14 - for our calculations, the big accuracy of this constant is not needed.
It is convenient when not at hand is the GOST, but there is only. With large volumes of work, even from three or four cars, there will be a lot of time to calculate this way, in addition, this technique is not standardized and is not in the argument in financial disputes.
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Almost everything in our world has its measurement value. Oil measuring in barrels, coal in tons, population of countries in thousands, millions.
As a basis, we take the amount capable of specifically to designate the object that we measure. When the question arises how to calculate the cube of the board, the speech is already not about the mass of the subject, since wood has a completely different density, and one tree has differences from the other. In addition, the boards of the same breed will have a different weight taking into account their humidity.
For the convenience of calculating the board of the board, the volume measurement formulas are used.
It is enough to recall the school mathematics and the necessary formula that should be multiplied by the width, length and height. For the correctness of the calculation, it is necessary to adjust all parameters for one value, for example in centimeters or decimeters. It is most convenient to take a meter base. Thus, making three times multiplication in meters, we get m³ or cube.
Note. Special formulas are used to calculate the boards of the board.
Cubature boards
Boards may have differences in width, length, thickness. In addition, they are implemented by unedged and edged. Often lumber have their own generally accepted standards that facilitate the calculation of the cub.
For the usual sizes of material, there are already calculated volumes that are systematized in the table of measurement of the boards. Therefore, to determine the volume of the material, it is necessary to simply open the table with the designated dimensions and calculate the volume.
But in order to do this, you need to have these tables with you. Otherwise, for the lack of such, the cube of the cutting board is calculated, before determining the thickness and length. These are the main dimensions corresponding to the requirements for lumber. Everyone separately taken is different. For example, a board is used to create a crate, in which the thickness is 25 mm, and for black floors is 50 mm. Next you need to measure the width of the board.
In the case of a edged board, everything is simple because the material is cut into order to give one width. Next, with the help of a calculator, all values \u200b\u200bare multiplied with each other. With the length of the board, 5 m, the thickness of 50 mm and a width of 25 cm, the volume of the material will be:
5 x 0.050 x 0.25 \u003d 0.0625 m³
After multiplying the resulting number on the number of boards, we obtain the volume of the material.
Formula for calculating cabbage boards
V \u003d L x H x B
L - Length
h - Height
b - width
Determination of the number of boards in the cubic meter
1 m 3: v \u003d n
In order to determine the cost of a specific type of board, with known volume values: V x Price 1 m 3.
There is another point to which it is necessary to pay attention to the definition of the boards - the nominal length exactly is 6.1 - 6.2 m, but during sale this is not taken into account. Often it matters in the case of purchasing a large amount of material. For example, take the board with dimensions of 150 x 20 mm.
Having performed simple calculations, we obtain the number of boards in 1 m 3 - 55, 5 pieces. Thus, in the cube of the board 6 m, there are 55 pieces, and in the calculation, we obtain the value of 0.99 m 3. Essentially, the overpayment of the board's cube will be 1% of the exact price. For example, at a cost of 4,995 rubles, we pay 5 500 rubles.
Unedged board
Features of calculation
The calculation of the cabbage of the unedged board is somewhat complicated, since the material does not have one width between different boards, but also in each board separately. This is explained quite simple - the tree does not have the same diameter.
It is clear that at the bottom it is wider, at the top already. Thus, the width of the edged board does not fall under any standards. How to be in this case? Use to calculate with different formulas. The width of the board is measured for convenience in the middle of the length. So you get the average width. This calculation method works well if the batch of material is small.
For industrial volumes
This method is not suitable, since the work will pass very slowly, and this is not profitable. For such cases, experts have developed the so-called cabin boards unedged. The volume in it is obtained by measuring and experimenting, simply speaking, using a plurality of measurements and calculating the average width value.
Of course, it cannot be called a super precise way, but deviations are so insignificant that they should not pay attention to them.
Some enterprises involved in wood processing are used in practice the method of measuring the stack. For this, it is not necessary to pre-sort the wood in width. Experts make the length of the boards, the average width and height of the stack. The obtained values \u200b\u200bare multiplied with each other, and the result is multiplied by the coefficient for calculating the board cube, which has a mean value - 0.67.
Weighing method
In order to measure the cabin of the board is unous, having obtained the maximum possible accurate result, the weighing method is used.
Before doing this, it is necessary to measure the humidity of the material and the dense tree. Considering the fact that the edged board is the cheapest material used at objects with the smallest degree of responsibility, then complex calculations are not too much justified.
Also, it should be considered that the result you get will not be particularly different from the one that can be obtained using a cube.
When erecting residential buildings
Here professionals are obliged to make many tasks, among which: the calculation and compilation of estimates before performing the finishing of the premises. In addition, it is necessary to calculate the required number of building materials. It is worth noting that this task is quite difficult. Considering this, the definition of the boards of the board is an important point.
Note. The cubic meter of sawn timber is calculated using a single method. The boards variety does not affect the result.
To unfolded species Woods include: edged board, unedged board.
Spooned species - These are those who have special grooves for perfect bumps of boards: flooring, lining ,. Please note that purchasing a whipped board, the calculation is carried out using the working width of the material, without spikes.
Regarding the calculation of the cabbage of the unedged board, with the values \u200b\u200bof the width of one end, 25 cm, and 20 cm - the other, the average value will be 22 cm. To calculate a large amount of material, it is unfolded in such a way that the wide part does not have differences from a narrow more than 10 Santimeters.
The main length of the board in an unfolded pack must be approximately the same. Then, using a roulette, measured the height of the stacks from the boards and the width in the middle. The result, which is obtained by measurements, is multiplied by a coefficient with a value of 0.07 - 0.09, which depends on the air gap between the boards.
Purchase materials on the eyes - nonsense, and this will not be engaged in any respectful owner. To competently draw up the estimate and evaluate how much construction will fall out or overhaul, you need to determine how much this or that products will need. It is more difficult with the boards - they are not sold individually, but they are released (as stored) by parties whose volume is expressed in m³. But the number of pieces, as a rule, is "tied" to the area covered, that is, m². We'll figure it out how to determine how many boards will be in one Cuba.
Why are the boards of 4 and 6 meters? The calculation technique below does not change at any length. The fact is that the indicated parameters are the most "running". Manufacturers are focused on the dimensions of platforms and commodity wagons, so it is more profitable for them to supply boards in length at 6 m. But the buyer is more interesting than the board of four-meter length, since the truck with the elongated body is enough to transport them.For transportation of 6 meter boards, you need a road train; So, the cost of delivery of lumber to the site will increase. Yes, and maneuverability of such transport is significantly limited. For example, in the country array to deliver the boards on it meaninglessly, given the narrowness of the lles.
The procedure for calculating the number of boards in Cuba
We just need to remember high school. The so-called "cube" (commodity name of the amount of volume) is a product of the linear parameters of any volume object. That is, its lengths, widths and heights (in this case, thickness).
- Made from the faces of one of the boards in the stack. It turns out the width and thickness. Length is known - 4 or 6 m.
- All measured parameters are recalculated in one dimension. Since we are talking about Cuba, that is, M3, then all of them (including width and thickness) are indicated in meters.
- The "cube" of the workpiece is determined.
- 1 m³ is divided into the value obtained. The result is the number of boards in Cuba.
In a numerator, the fraction is not necessarily put exactly 1. The boards of the boards are made in different ways, and it is not always required a lumber in such quantities. If in a 0.8 cube stack, then it is its volume.
Example. A board is bought 6 m, 25 mm, 20 cm wide, in the number of one cube.- We make the translation of values \u200b\u200bin meters: thickness - 0, 025, width - 0.2.
- We determine the boards cubature: 6 x 0.2 x 0.025 \u003d 0.03 m³.
- Calculate the number of samples - 1: 0.03 \u003d 33, (3).
Calculator calculating the number and volume of sawn timber
If the resulting value is fractional, the result is always rounded to the whole value. That is, only numbers facing the comma are taken into account. This is a generally accepted norm!
These tables will help determine the approximate number of boards in Cuba, without resorting to calculations.
- The calculation algorithm is the same for all sawn timber, regardless of their features - wood breeds, degree of drying.
- Table value - purely approximate, as they do not quite correctly reflect the real number of boards in Cuba. First, a lot depends on stacking stacks, that is, how tightly the boards are adjacent. Secondly, nothing is said about the quality of processing of blanks (edged or not). Thirdly, it is not a fact that with a careful inspection, a certain number of boards will not be discarded due to detected defects. Therefore, it is always necessary to reduce them obtained by the calculated way. If the edged board is about 10%, in the case of unedged - by 15 - 20%.
If with the definition of weight and volume, for example, when buying liquids or bulk materials, no tasks appear, it is not all opposite with the timber. Here, the system of determining the volume of the need for this raw material causes a lot of questions, from the fact that no one wants to pay extra money.
Instruction
1.
2. First, the measured batch of business cake should be sorted into 2 groups. One group make up the boards with a length of more than 2 m, other - less than 2 m. Laying in the stack is made with thick and thin ends alternately on various sides, while the surface of the hill remains at the bottom and above. The stack should be supercompact and tightly laid at right angles and have an identical height.
4. The volume of lumber from the wood of coniferous and hardwood is allowed to determine in two methods. The 1st method provides for the frozen of the entire bar or the board, and then the volume, later, the results are summed up.
5.
6. Absolutely, it costs separately to dwell on the measurement of the Cubature of Round the woods . Here it is possible to measure all the logs and the width of the upper and lower ends. Special tables for which these calculations are made are referred to as the cubenesses that were discussed above.
7. Later, as the volume of the entire log is measured separately, addition is made, and the universal cube is obtained. At the current time, the corresponding computer program exists.
If with the definition of weight and volume, for example, when buying liquids or bulk materials, no tasks appear, then everything is opposite with the timber. Here, the system of determining the volume of the need for this raw material causes a lot of questions, from the fact that no one wants to pay extra money.
Instruction
1. It turns out that in the distance not all customers represent how many types of wood actually exists. And tea is different from each other according to the degree of treatment, seeing, which directly affects its cost. This is how the volume of the hill is calculated - a dioxidation of a sought -led type of sawn timber.
2. First, the measured batch of business cake should be sorted into 2 groups. One group make up the boards longer than 2m, other - less than 2 m. Laying in the stack is made with thick and thin ends alternately in various sides, while the surface of the hill remains lower and above. The stack should be supercompact and tightly laid at right angles and have an identical height.
4. The volume of lumber from the wood of coniferous and hardwood is allowed to determine the two methods. 1st method provides for the frozen of any bar or the board, and then the volume, later, the results are summed up.
5. The 2nd method - with a fog of a cube, a special table, pre-prepared to determine the volume of such sawn timber. A somewhat differently produced the measurement of boards belonging to umbered lumber. In this case, the width of the one-sided edged and unedged board is calculated as half as the upper and lower planes.
6. Unconditionally, which is worth it separately on measuring the cubure of the round forest. Here it is possible to measure all the logs and the width of the upper and lower ends. Special tables for which these calculations are made are referred to as the cubenesses that were discussed above.
7. Later, how the volume of any log is measured separately, addition is made and the universal cube is obtained. At the current time, the corresponding computer program exists.
Video on the topic
16.06.2014 21:04
After all the ideas for the construction of the house are worked out and the final version of the construction of a rounded log is chosen, the question arises, how much such a house will cost you. To determine cost of building a cut from a rounded log , it is necessary to know how many log cubes in this sruba. In this article, we will try to explain in detail how to perform the calculation of the cubature for the construction of a rounded log.
Calculation of the cubature of the cylindered log
The easiest way to calculate is made by the formula - πr². H.
Π — 3,14
r² - Radius of the rounded log in the square
N -length of the rounded log
We substitute the data in the formula:
3,14 * (0.11 m) ² * 6m \u003d 0.228 m3
So, we got how many cubes in one rounded log with a diameter of 220mm. Next, it is necessary to calculate how the number of logs in your home and multiply the resulting quantity on the cube of one logs (0.228m3). Calculate the number of logs in the wall can simply, but initially it is necessary to determine for itself, what a height will be the floor.
Calculation of lumber cubic - it's not easy, but necessary
It is also necessary to add to the resulting height of 7% on shrink if the log of natural humidity.
For example, the height of the first floor is 2.9 meters. The height of one log 220 mm minus the lunar groove will be 190.5mm. Next, we divide the height of the floor 2.9m on the thickness of the log without a groove - 0.19m, translating all the numbers in the meters in advance.
2.9: 0.19 \u003d 15.26 pieces. We obtained the required number of logs with a diameter of 220mm in order to build a floor with a height of 2.9 meters. You must not forget and add 7% on shrinkage at home. Total will be 16 crowns. Now, in order to learn the full floor of the house 6x6, 16 of the crowns, it is necessary to perform the following calculation:
16 (crowns) * 4 (walls) * 0.228 (volume of one log) \u003d 14.6 m3 logs. Now to find out the cost of a pinned log on the entire log house, you must multiply the number of cubes obtained on the rack of the log per cube. The cost of one meter of cubic cylindered logs can be found here .
To make the calculation for other login diameters, we offer to your attention a number of pre-calculated tables, using which you will surely find answers to your questions.
The article was prepared by the company ASC Agida which performs Building houses from a log And renders wide range of construction services In the market of country house building.
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Method of calculating the mass and volume of knurling residues
One of the tasks in the development of the project of the technological regulation of the process of circulation of construction waste and demolition is the calculation of the mass and volume of the carrying residues formed under the cutting of green plantings (tree demolition) in the construction zone or demolition.
The official method of calculating the mass and volume of carrying residues for these purposes in the Russian Federation is not. The source data for such calculations is information about the vigorous trees (breed, height and thickness at an altitude of 1.3 m) and shrubs (young) given in the list of project documentation for the construction site (demolition).
This article presents the method of calculating the mass and the volume of carrying residues developed in our company. As a basis for its development, a tabular data of public-union standards for taxation of forests approved by the Order of the USSR State Committee of February 28, 1989 No. 38 was used.
1) Table 17 data "The volumes of trunks (in the crust) in young people in height and diameter at an altitude of 1.3 m" - to determine the volume of the trunks of the young slop and shrubs.
Cubature for round logs
As a result of the processing of the given data to determine the average ratio between the diameter (d), the height (H) and volume (V) of one barrel, the calculated form coefficient (KP from Table 1) is determined, which with an accuracy of +/- 10% makes it possible to determine the volume of the barrel by Formula Vst \u003d Kn * H * Pd2 / 4.
2) Table 18 and 19 data "The volumes of trunks (in the cortex) of woody rocks in height and diameter at a height of 1.3 m with an average form coefficient" - to determine the volume of the stems of various trees. As a result of the processing of the given data to determine the average ratio between the diameter (D), a height (H) and volume (VT) of one barrel, calculated coefficients are defined for some of the tree species shown in the table, which with accuracy +/- 10% allows you to determine the volume of the barrel According to the formula Vst \u003d Kn * H * Pd2 / 4. The calculated form coefficients are shown in Table 1
3) Table data185 "Weight 1 cubic. M and volume of 1 tons of wood of different breeds "- To determine the mass of wood, the mass values \u200b\u200bof one cubic meter of the corresponding wood of wood were used from the Count" Freckled ", or from the" dry "graph - for dry.
4) Table 206 data "The volume of bark, boring, stumps and roots" to determine the volume of bruises and branches, as well as stumps and roots in percentage terms to the volume of trunks. For calculation, the average values \u200b\u200bare used from the interval tables. The volume of branches and branches - 7% of the volume of trunks, the volume of stumps and roots - 23% of the volume of the stems.
5) Table of Table 187 "Fracture and Hamz Full Drive Coefficients" - to determine the shareholder volume of the branches and the branches from the complete-dried volume using the translated coefficient of equal to 10.
FKKO 2014 contains codes of the following waste:
1 52 110 01 21 5 Waste of branches, branches, vertices from forestry
1 52 110 02 21 5 Pumping Pumping Waste
1 54 110 01 21 5 Low-value wood waste (brushwood, dealer, stem debris).
Consequently, the calculation of the mass and volume of carrying residues must be calculated by type of waste:
- the trunks of the treasured according to the bandwidth of the trees, young rigs and shrubs can be attributed to low-value wood waste (brushwood, dealer, fragments of stems);
- sucia and branches - to the waste of bits, branches, vertices from forestry;
- stumps and roots - to the waste of panties.
For the technological regulation of the process of convening construction and demolition, it is necessary to calculate the mass of waste, but for temporary storage in the bunkers of the drives and their export from the construction site, it is necessary to estimate the volume of carrying residues, and in the shareholder.
The calculation is made using the Exel application. Example of the EXEL page table caps are shown in Table 2.
The calculation was made as follows:
1) filling the source data according to the list of vocabulary;
count 2 - the number of the string of the sidelia;
graph 3 - wood breed;
count 4 - the number of trees;
count 5 is the minimum diameter of the barrel from the interval specified in the list of the statement;
graph 6 is the only value of the diameter of the barrel indicated in the list of the statement;
count 7 - the maximum diameter of the barrel from the interval specified in the list of the statement;
graph 8 is the minimum height of the barrel from the interval specified in the list of the statement;
count 9 is the only value of the height of the trunk specified in the list of the statement;
graph 10 - the maximum height of the barrel from the interval specified in the list of the statement;
count 11 is an additional number of trunks - if in the column "characteristic of the state of green plantings" n stems for a single tree, then in column 11 indicates (<значение графы 11>\u003d (n-1) *<значение графы 4>.
2) Calculation of the average value of the diameter of the barrel in the presence of an interval:<среднее значение диаметра ствола (графа 6)> = (<значение минимального диаметра (графа 5)>+<максимальное значение диметра (графа 7)>)/2;
3) determining the volume of one barrel<объем ствола (графа 12)> It is performed according to Vst \u003d Kn * h * Pd2 / 4, wherein the corresponding form coefficient from table 1, D is the average diameter of the barrel, H is the average height of the trunk. Calculation of the volume of one barrel:<объем ствола в куб.м (графа 12)> \u003d Kn * π * (<диаметр ствола в см (графа 6>/100)* (<диаметр ствола в см (графа 6>/100)*< высота ствола в м (графа 9)>/ 4);
4) Calculation of a dense measure of the volume of trunks VLL \u003d VT * NST, where NT is the total number of stems:<плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)> = <средний объем ствола в куб.м (графа 12)>*(<число деревьев или кустов (графа 4)>+<число дополнительных стволов (графы 11)>). For one bush, the number of additional trunks is taken equal to 5;
5) Calculation of the folding measures (when storing or transporting, it is necessary to take into account the average volume of space occupied by trees or bushes:<складочная мера объема стволов (графа 14)>= <плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)>* 4 / p;
6) Calculation of the volume of branches and branches, depending on the volume of the barrel, is made according to paragraph d) of this article:<объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)> = <плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)> *<переводной коэффициент (графа 15=0,007)>. In the Folding measure - according to paragraph D) of this article:<объем сучьев и ветвей в складочной мере (графа 18)> = <объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)>*<переводной коэффициент (графа 17=10)>;
7) Calculation of the volume of stumps and roots from the volume of the barrel is made according to paragraph d) of this article:<объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)> = < плотная мера объема стволов (графа 13)>*<переводной коэффициент (графа 19=0,23)>. The flowing measure volume and roots is adopted in a double volume:<объем пней и корней в складочной мере (графа 21)> =<объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)>*2.
8) Calculation of the total volume of wood to a divestly:<полный объем (графа 22)> = <объем стволов в плотной мере (графа 13)>+<объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)>+< объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)>;
9) Calculation of the total volume of wood to the query extent (this indicator most objectively allows you to estimate the need for the capacity of the body (containers) of vehicles for the export of irrigation residues):<полный объем древесины в складочной мере (графа 23)> = <складочная мера объема стволов (графа 14)>+ <объем сучьев и ветвей в складочной мере (графа 18)>+ <объем пней и корней в складочной мере (графа 21)>
10) The volumetric weight of wood into a divestly (density in T / m3) is recorded in column 24 according to paragraph B) of this article, for breeds are missing in Table 185 - in accordance with Annex 3 to SNIP II-25-80 (wood density and plywood ).
11) Calculation of the stem weight:<вес стволов (графа 22)> = <объем стволов в плотной мере (графа 13)>*<объемный вес древесины (графа 21)>;
12) Calculation of the weight of the branches and branches:<вес сучьев и ветвей (графа 26)> = <объем сучьев и ветвей в плотной мере (графа 16)>*< объемный вес древесины (графа 24)>;
13) Pumping and root weight calculation:<вес пней и корней (графа 27)> = <объем пней и корней в плотной мере (графа 20)>*< объемный вес древесины (графа 24)>;
14) Total weight of exported waste (carrying residues):<вес вывозимого отхода (графа 28)> = <вес стволов (графа 25)> + <вес сучьев и ветвей (графа 26)>+<вес пней и корней (графа 27)>
Thus, the proposed technique allows you to calculate the volume (both complete and share) and the mass of irrigation residues with differentiation over the type of waste based on the source data of the barded statement, as well as to estimate the required volume of storage bunkers or vehicle bodybuilders and the number of machine flights for Their export.
K. Nikonenko
It makes no sense to produce the same calculations several times if the initial data does not change. A log-rounded diameter of 20 cm and 6 meters long will always have the same volume, despite the one who is counting in which city. Only the formula V \u003d πr²l gives the correct answer.
How to calculate the cube of the forest
Therefore, the volume of one OCB will always be v \u003d 3.14 × (0.1) ² × 6 \u003d 0.1884 m³. In practice, to eliminate the moment of standard computing, cabbage applies. Such useful and informative tables are created for various types of lumber. They help save time and learn the cube of forest-rounding, boards, bruises, timber.
- Cubean Round Forest
- How to use the table?
- Cubature of products of different sizes
What is a cube?
The name of this construction reference book is due to the fact that the volume as a physical value is measured in cubic meters (or cubic meters). For a simpler seizure, the "cube" say, respectively, the table was called "Cubature". This is an ordered matrix into which data is entered on the volume of one product for various initial parameters. The base column holds the sections, and the row is the length (mold) of the material. The user is enough to find the number located in the cell on their intersection.
Consider a specific example - a cube of a round forest. It was approved in 1975, it is called GOST 2708-75, the main parameters - diameter (in cm) and length (in meters). We are very easy to use the table: for example, it is necessary to determine the V single log, having Ø20 cm with a length of 5 m. At the intersection of the corresponding row and column we find the number 0.19 m³. A similar cube for rounding exists according to another standard - ISO 4480-83. References are very detailed in increments of 0.1 m, as well as more general, where the length is taken after 0.5 m.
Small secrets
The use of Cubaturenik does not represent any difficulty, but the main nuance is the correct data. Round forest is not a cylinder, but a truncated cone, from which the bottom and the upper arm are different. One of them can be 26 cm, and the other - 18. The table involves an unambiguous answer for a specific section.
Various sources are proposed to come in two ways: carry out the calculation of the average value and take the amount from the directory for it or as the main section to take the size of the upper heap. But if the tables were compiled according to certain standards, then it is necessary to use them according to related instructions. For cube, GOST 2708-75, the diameter of the top sleeve was taken. Why is the moment of source data so important? Because with a length of 5 meters for Ø18 cm we obtain 0.156 m³, and for Ø26 cm - 0.32 m³, which is actually 2 times more.
Another nuance is the right cabbage. If the complex formulas for truncated cones were used in the GOST 2708-75 table, calculations were performed, and the results were rounded to thousandths, then modern companies that make up their own cubeats, allow themselves to "liberty". For example, instead of 0.156 m³ already costs the number 0.16 m³. Often, frankly erroneous cabins are placed on the Internet on the Internet, in which the volume of the log 5 meters long at Ø18 cm is not 0.156 m³, and 0.165 m³. If the company uses such reference books, implementing a round forest to consumers, then it makes a profit, actually deceiving customers.
After all, the difference on 1 product is essential: 0,165-0,156 \u003d 0.009 or almost 0.01 m³.
The main problem of forest-rounding is a different cross section. Solve issues with calculations, sellers are offered in such ways:
- calculating the volume of each unit and summation of the obtained values;
- storage method;
- finding the average diameter;
- a method based on wood density.
Immediately need to say that the correct results give the first of these options. Only the calculation of the volume of each log and the subsequent addition of numbers ensures that the buyer will pay for the forest that he will receive from the company. If the length is the same, it is sufficient to find the area of \u200b\u200bthe sections of all trunks, fold them, and then multiply the length (in meters).
2. Warehousing method.
It is assumed that the steady rounder occupies part of the space having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped. In this case, the total volume is found multiplying the length, widths and height of the figure. Considering that there are emptiness between the folded trunks, 20% will take away from the cubature.
Minus - adoption as an indisputable fact that the tree takes 80% of the total space. After all, it may well happen that the bars are folded inactively, thereby the percentage of emptiness is much more.
3. A method based on density.
In this case, you need to know the mass of the forest and the density of the wood. The cubature is easily divided by the first number to the second. But the result will be very inaccurate, since the tree of one species has a different density. The indicator depends on the degree of maturity and humidity.
4. Averaged method.
If the trunks of the harvested trees on the appearance are almost the same, then you choose any 3 of them. Measure diameters, and then find the average value. Next, in the cube, the parameter for 1 product is determined and multiplied by the desired amount. Let the results showed: 25, 27, 26 cm, then Ø26 cm is considered to be average, since (25 + 26 + 27) / 3 \u003d 26 cm.
Considering the disadvantages of the considered methods, the only correct method of calculating the cubature can be considered to be the foundation of each log using the Kubatournik GOST 2708-75 or ISO 4480-83 and summing the data obtained.
Calculation of lumber cube - Consider correctly
In the process of building structures from wood, various lumber is purchased.
When purchasing or selling it, it is necessary to measure it. The complexity of the timber measurements due to its non-permanent and non-standard size and shape, weight and quality. Plusfully such a product is also impossible to implement because of the factors mentioned above. Make the right one calculation of cabbage lumber Not a specialist is very difficult, moreover, even the controlling authorities are sometimes not able to check whether the calculation is performed correctly.
Some producer lumber are supplied in packages with an indication of exact volume and cost. But this practice is quite rare. In addition, consumers may have doubts about the correctness of the calculation of sawn cubs, as well as about the specified price. The usual buyer does not always know that in addition to the cube, the cost of sawn timber depends on the degree of their treatment, that is, non-edging or edging board, wood species and fortification. In addition, the cost of boards up to 1.7 m long below the cost of longer boards. The quality of timber produced regulates a huge number of rules and rules, technical conditions and other regulatory documents, which individual developers do not even suspect, at the same time sellers of lumber are in no hurry to familiarize their buyers with the rules for selling sawn timber. In order to have at least a general idea of \u200b\u200bhow the lumber cube is calculated, it will not be superfluous with the rules of the measure of some of the most common types of their species.
According to current standards, the hill must be sorted depending on the length into two groups - up to two meters and over two meters. The porch is stacked, alternating thick and subtle ends, as well as a hollow surface. The stacks should be the same height along the entire length, straight angles, to lay them are needed as tight as possible. Then, moving the width, length and height of the package, get a robbery cub.
Calculation of the Cubature of Round Forest
| Thickness in Upper cut, see |
Volume m³, at length, m. | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1,5 | 2 | 2,5 | 3 | 3,5 | 4 | 4,5 | 5 | 5,5 | 6 | |
| 14 | 0,016 | 0,025 | 0,035 | 0,043 | 0,052 | 0,061 | 0,073 | 0,084 | 0,097 | 0,110 | 0,123 |
| 16 | 0,021 | 0,035 | 0,044 | 0,056 | 0,069 | 0,082 | 0,095 | 0,110 | 0,124 | 0,140 | 0,155 |
| 18 | 0,027 | 0,041 | 0,056 | 0,071 | 0,086 | 0,103 | 0,120 | 0,138 | 0,156 | 0,175 | 0,194 |
| 20 | 0,033 | 0,051 | 0,069 | 0,087 | 0,107 | 0,126 | 0,147 | 0,170 | 0,190 | 0,210 | 0,23 |
| 22 | 0,040 | 0,062 | 0,084 | 0,107 | 0,130 | 0,154 | 0,178 | 0,200 | 0,230 | 0,250 | 0,28 |
| 24 | 0,048 | 0,075 | 0,103 | 0,130 | 0,157 | 0,184 | 0,210 | 0,240 | 0,270 | 0,300 | 0,33 |
| 26 | 0,057 | 0,089 | 0,123 | 0,154 | 0,185 | 0,210 | 0,250 | 0,280 | 0,320 | 0,350 | 0,39 |
| 28 | 0,067 | 0,104 | 0,144 | 0,180 | 0,220 | 0,250 | 0,290 | 0,330 | 0,370 | 0,410 | 0,45 |
| 30 | 0,077 | 0,119 | 0,165 | 0,200 | 0,25 | 0,29 | 0,33 | 0,38 | 0,42 | 0,47 | 0,52 |
| 32 | 0,087 | 0,135 | 0,190 | 0,230 | 0,28 | 0,33 | 0,38 | 0,43 | 0,48 | 0,53 | 0,59 |
| 34 | 0,100 | 0,150 | 0,210 | 0,260 | 0,32 | 0,37 | 0,43 | 0,49 | 0,54 | 0,60 | 0,66 |
| 36 | 0,110 | 0,170 | 0,230 | 0,290 | 0,36 | 0,42 | 0,48 | 0,54 | 0,60 | 0,67 | 0,74 |
| 38 | 0,120 | 0,190 | 0,260 | 0,320 | 0,39 | 0,46 | 0,53 | 0,60 | 0,67 | 0,74 | 0,82 |
| 40 | 0,14 | 0,21 | 0,28 | 0,36 | 0,43 | 0,50 | 0,58 | 0,66 | 0,74 | 0,82 | 0,90 |
| 42 | 0,15 | 0,23 | 0,31 | 0,39 | 0,47 | 0,56 | 0,64 | 0,73 | 0,81 | 0,90 | 1,0 |
| 44 | 0,16 | 0,25 | 0,34 | 0,43 | 0,52 | 0,61 | 0,70 | 0,80 | 0,89 | 0,99 | 1,09 |
| 46 | 0,18 | 0,27 | 0,37 | 0,47 | 0,57 | 0,67 | 0,77 | 0,87 | 0,94 | 1,08 | 1,19 |
| 48 | 0,19 | 0,30 | 0,41 | 0,51 | 0,62 | 0,73 | 0,84 | 0,95 | 1,06 | 1,18 | 1,30 |
Volume 10 m Brushev from coniferous wood, m³
| Width, mm. | Thickness, mm. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | 60 | 75 | 100 | 130 | 150 | 180 | 200 | 220 | 250 | |
| 130 | 0,065 | 0,078 | 0,0975 | 0,13 | ||||||
| 150 | 0,075 | 0,09 | 0,0113 | 0,15 | 0,195 | 0,225 | ||||
| 180 | 0,09 | 0,108 | 0,0135 | 0,18 | 0,234 | 0,27 | 0,324 | |||
| 200 | 0,1 | 0,12 | 0,015 | 0,2 | 0,26 | 0,3 | 0,4 | |||
| 220 | 0,11 | 0,132 | 0,0165 | 0,22 | 0,395 | 0,434 | ||||
| 250 | 0,125 | 0,15 | 0,188 | 0,25 | 0,5 | 0,625 |
In the woodworking industry there are the concepts of a share and dense cubic meter. In the price list on lumber are indicated for the volume in dense mass, so the folding cubic meters must be translated into a dense mass. For this, special transfer coefficients are applied. For example, for a hill up to two meters long, a coefficient of 0.48 is used, and for a hill with a length of more than two meters - 0.43.
Determine the volume of lumber of coniferous and hardwood can be in two ways. Either with the help of the measurement of each unit of material, or with the help of a special standard, or a cube, installed by GOST and intended for determining the volume of edged lumber of deciduous and coniferous rocks. The standard has a table of one lumber unit and a meter volume table, repulse from which you can calculate the cost of sawn timber.
When calculating the cabbage of sawn timber, several other rules apply.
How to accurately calculate the log cabin?
The specificity of their measurement lies in the fact that the width of one-sided edged and non-edged board is calculated as half the width of two plastics - narrow and wide, which is measured by the middle of the board. The volume of round timber is calculated based on the measurements of each log. Dense cubic meters of logs are calculated by means of an appropriate GOST, which indicates the volume of round timber. These volumes are measured along the length of the log and the thickness of the upper end.
In our offered, the table is given calculation of lumber cubic: Edged and non-edging boards, floorboard, bar, timber, lining and rails. On the table, you can calculate the amount of sawn timber in the 1st m3.
| The size | Volume of one board (BROUSE) | Number in 1m3. |
|---|---|---|
| Bar. | ||
| 100x100x6 | 0.06 Cuba | 16.67 pieces |
| 100x150x6 | 0.09 Cuba | 11.11 pieces |
| 150x150x6. | 0.135 Cuba | 7.41 pieces |
| 100x200x6 | 0.12 Cuba | 8.33 pieces |
| 150x200x6 | 0.18 Cuba | 5.56 pieces |
| 200x200x6. | 0.24 Cuba | 4.17 pieces |
| 100x100x7 | 0.07 Cuba | 14, 28 pieces |
| 100x150x7 | 0.105 Cuba | 9.52 pieces |
| 150x150x7 | 0.1575 Cuba | 6.35 pieces |
| 100x200x7 | 0.14 Cuba | 7.14 pieces |
| 150x200x7 | 0.21 Cuba | 4.76 pieces |
| 200x200x7 | 0.28 Cuba | 3.57 pieces |
| Edged board | ||
| 22x100x6. | 0.0132 Cuba | 45.46 M.KV. |
| 22x150x6. | 0. 0198 Cuba | 45.46 M.KV. |
| 22x200x6. | 0.0264 Cuba | 45.46 M.KV. |
| 25x100x6. | 0.015 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| 25x150x6. | 0.0225 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| 25x200x6 | 0.03 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| 40x100x6 | 0.024 Cuba | 25 m.kv. |
| 40x150x6. | 0.036 Cuba | 25 m.kv. |
| 40x200x6 | 0.048 Cuba | 25 m.kv. |
| 50x100x6 | 0.03 Cuba | 20 m.kv. |
| 50x150x6. | 0.045 Cuba | 20 m.kv. |
| 50x200x6 | 0.06 Cuba | 20 m.kv. |
| 32x100x6. | 0.0192 Cuba | 31.25 M.KV. |
| 32x150x6 | 0.0288 Cuba | 31.25 M.KV. |
| 32x200x6 | 0.0384 Cuba | 31.25 M.KV. |
| 25x100x2 | 0.005 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| 25x100x7 | 0.0175 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| 25x150x7 | 0.02625 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| 25x200x7 | 0.035 Cuba | 40 m.kv. |
| Unedged board | ||
| 50x6 | 0.071 1 Cuba | |
| 40x6 | 0.05 1 Cuba | |
| 25x6 | 0.0294 1 Cuba | |
| Rail | ||
| 22x50x3. | 0.0033 Cuba | 909 mp |
| 25x50x3. | 0.00375 Cuba | 800 mp |
| 22x50x2. | 0.0022 Cuba | 909 mp |
| 25x50x2. | 0.0025 Cuba | 800 mp |
| Bar | ||
| 40x40x3 | 0.0048 Cuba | 624.99 MP |
| 50x50x3. | 0.006 Cuba | 500.01 M.P. |
| 40x80x3 | 0.0096 Cuba | 312.51 M.P. |
| 50x50x3. | 0.0075 Cuba | 399.99 M.P. |
| Floor board | ||
| 36x106x6. | 0.0229 Cuba | 27.77 M.KV. |
| 36x136x6. | 0.0294 Cuba | 27.77 M.KV. |
| 45x136x6. | 0.0375 Cuba | 21.74 M.KV. |
| Lining | ||
| 16x88x6. | 0.0084 Cuba | 62.5 M.KV. |
| 16x88x3 | 0.0042 Cuba | 62.5 M.KV. |
| 12.5x90x3 | 0.0034 Cuba | 80 m.kv. |
The purpose of this article to explain to you how to correctly calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls of log houses, baths and other buildings, as well as buildings from glued and challed bar. Many will say - what is there to explain and so everything is clear - you just need to know the basics of geometry.
Cubature of Round Forest - how to calculate the volume?
Completely - without geometry, it is not necessary to do without geometry, but this measurement has its own feature, unlike walls from a bar and other materials, but about it below.
For what you need to know how the log cabin is calculated:
- it will help more accurately calculate the cost and amount of the required material *
- calculate yourself Cost of work on painting and grinding of log cabins
To calculate the walls of the walls, we all know that you should know two magnitudes, height and length, and for complete calculation and the area of \u200b\u200bthe ends
S \u003d PI * R2 - Area 1 Circle (end) ,Where
P. — 3,1428
R. - Radius of the end
Knowing the area of \u200b\u200bone end, we multiply this amount by the number of ends and get the total area of \u200b\u200bthe eases.
The main feature of the log structures is that the logs have a convex form, so the height is measured as usual - from the floor to the ceiling will differ from the actual 10-15%.
Photo №1 
photo №2.
Calculate the area.
What would measure the height of one logs you just need to take the roulette and postpone it from the top seam to the lower seam of the crown as shown on photo №1(To measure the height of a chopped log cabin, the average value is taken). And the bar need to measure the width of the edges and fold with the value BUT (arrows are shown on photo №2.). We will get a real height of one log or bar, and knowing the number of crowns - we will get the real height of the wall (the columns of the crowns * the height of one crown). Remind the formula of the area of \u200b\u200bthe rectangle I think to me that you do. So everything is simple.
Photo number 4.
So having folded all the data - the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls, "triangles", the ends and from the amount received, to take away the area of \u200b\u200bthe window and doorways - we will get a complete area of \u200b\u200bthe structure and already on the basis of these data we can independently determine (knowing the price of work per M2) the cost of work, materials *, As well as their volume * (transferring them to the company manager by phone or arriving in the office) **.
Finally, the ladies of a small advice, if the mismatch of the structure of a simple form, everything is simple and will not be much labor and will not require a lot of time, but what about complex forms, such as photo number 4..
photo number 4.
I will say directly - measure yourself or attend when measurements when you make your employees, these most you will avoid deception from unscrupulous construction teams or refer to the proven companies.
* The cost and volume of the required material (coating) affects the state of wood (polished, not polished) and the coating method (brush, roller, sprayer)
** For your convenience, on our website, the cost of materials is calculated on 1m2
Have questions? Call
(A.Sokolov, Terem Grad)
One of the ways of reasonable savings is the purchase of building materials in the required quantity, nor more and no less. A private developer knows well how many and what samples it needs to be purchased to perform a specific work. But the complexity is that the pieces of the boards, with rare exceptions, are not sold - only by parties (packs). Yes, and for construction, no one buys a few pieces. How to determine how many m 3 wood acquire?
How to choose sawn timber?
1. To deal with the types of necessary blanks, based on the specifics of their further use. The goods are classified as a edged board, Obapol and Unedged. If the wood is needed and the other, then it is necessary to calculate the volume of purchases for each product species separately.
2. Determine with the required linear parameters of products and translate them into one dimension. Since the cube is M 3, then to then read it is easier, length, width and thickness should be recorded in meters.
In the process of construction requires boards of different lengths. If they are very different in this parameter, then it is worth calculating the cube for each group separately - so you can reduce waste when stripping. It is desirable before you consider, find out how long products are sold in the building materials market. The fact is that for them each manufacturer can have their own sizes. Here on these values \u200b\u200bshould be grouped products, and then count how much and what boards will be required. If it is for yourself to make a table and think everything is well, it will come to save well.
Features of calculating the volume of sawn timber
There are typical tables intended to determine the volume of various billets (logs, boards, timber). It is possible to calculate with the help of calculators that are available on thematic sites. But in practice, in the "field" conditions, you have to work in "manual" mode. That is, to consider the cube of the board, using only a tape measure, since the stacks market do not fit exactly 1 m 3.
1. Edged board.
Example (for those who forgot to school).
- We calculate the approximate (since when measuring measurements are inevitable) the cube "Sockeys" with a length of 6 m and 200 mm width. We make the translation, it turns out: width - 0.2; Thickness - 0, 04 (m).
- Consequently, the cubature of 1 edged board with the specified parameters - 6 x 0.2 x 0.04 \u003d 0.048 m 3. The technique is simple, the main thing - do not forget all the sizes to translate into "M".
- If you need to calculate how many boards in Cuba, then an arithmetic action is made - 1 m 3 is divided into the cub.
- In our example - 1 / 0.048 \u003d 20.83. Round up to an integer - 21 pieces.
2. Unedged products.
Side faces are not processed. Products in packs are laid out, as a rule, with a balance. This means that wood can be of different breeds, and sizes (especially the width of the workpiece) differ. Calculate the volume of the stack in this case is quite difficult. Should:
- Carefully inspect the pack. Task - Select 2 Major Boards. Moreover, one is the most narrow, the other is the widest one.
- Remove from each of all sizes and calculate the averaged values \u200b\u200bfor length, widths and thickness.
Example. The width of one billet is 15 cm, the other - 35. We fold and divide in half - (15 +35) / 2 \u003d 25 cm. For further calculations, we translate into meters - 0.25. By the same method, other average linear parameters are determined.
What is the feature of calculations for umbered sawn timber? They have uneven side faces. Consequently, due to curvature, the adjacent of the samples to each other is not so dense. As a result - gaps and emptiness. Therefore, a correction coefficient is taken, which largely depends on the moisture content and the wood. Its minimum value is 0.62, the maximum is 0.7.
In practice, the quality of materials is determined by "on the eye", therefore the amendment takes the average - 0.66. To obtain the final result, it is necessary to multiply the resulting cube to the specified coefficient.
If working with a large stack, then the probability of error in the calculations increases sharply. In order not to overpay, it is advisable to store the boards in the packs of pieces of 10. For each of them, measurements are performed with subsequent calculations of the cubic.
According to the same calculation methodology, it is also made for Opapol (Gorny). The difference is only in the coefficient. Its value lies in the range of 0.48 - 0.74.