There are two main sources of creed and religious order: the sacred legend of the Church and the Holy Scripture. The concept of the sacred legend is impossible to comprehend without the concept of the Sacred Scripture, and vice versa.

What is the sacred legend?

The sacred legend is, in a broad sense, the totality of all oral and written religious knowledge and sources containing all dogmas, canons, treatises and the basis of religious creed. The basis of the tradition is the transfer of the content of faith from the mouth to the mouth, from generation to generation.

The sacred legend is a combination of all dogmas and church traditions that are described in religious texts, as well as reported to people with apostles. The strength and content of these texts is equivalent, and the truths concluded in them are immutable. Important aspects of the whole sacred legend are the apostolic sermons and texts.

How is the sacred legend

The sacred legend can be transmitted in three ways:

1. From historical treatises carrying the revelation of God;
2. From the experience of previous generations that felt the divine grace;
3. Through the conduct of the church service.

The composition of the sacred legend

There is no consensus on how much the Bible is in the sacred ledge. In any case, this book plays an important role in any branching of Christianity. The concepts of the sacred legend and the Holy Scriptures are inextricably linked, but the composition of the legend is much more complicated. Moreover, in some branches of Christianity, for example, in Catholicism, Scripture is not an important part of the legend. Protestantism, on the contrary, recognizes only the text of the Bible.

Latin interpretation of tradition

The opinion of the Church regarding the sacred legend directly depends on the denomination. So, for example, the Latin version of the legend states that the apostles designed to preach in all edges secretly handed over to the authors part of the exercise, which was set out in writing. Another, unapplied, was transmitted from mouth to the mouth, and was fixed much later, in the Pospastol era.

God of God in Russian Orthodoxy

The sacred legend is the basis of the foundations for Russian Orthodoxy, which is not much different from Orthodoxy in other countries. This explains the same attitude towards the main dogmas faith. In Russian Orthodoxy, the Sacred Scripture is, rather, the form of the sacred legend, rather than an independent religious work.

The initial Orthodox tradition generally believes that the legend can not be transmitted by means of knowledge, but only in rites and rituals, as a result of the participation of the Holy Spirit in church life. Creating a legend occurs through the phenomenon of Christ into human life during rites and images that are transmitted by previous generations as follows: from the father to his son, from the teacher to the student, from the father to the parishioner.

Thus, the Sacred Scripture is the main book of the sacred legend, reflecting all its essence. Tradition at the same time personifies the Scripture. The text of the Scripture should not contradict the teachings of the church, because it is the understanding of the written in the Bible leads to the awareness of the entire creed in general. The leadership of the proper interpretation of the Bible are the teachings of the fathers of the Church, but they are not considered sacred, unlike the texts approved in the Ecumenical Councils.

Scripture in Orthodoxy

The composition of the Holy Scriptures in Orthodoxy:

1. Bible;
2. Symbol of faith;
3. Decisions taken by universal cathedrals;
4. Liturgies, church sacraments and rituals;
5. Treatises of priests, church philosophers and teachers;
6. Stories described by martyrs;
7. Stories about the saints and their lives;
8. In addition, some scientists believe that Christian apocryphas can be a reliable source of legend, whose content does not contradict the Holy Scripture.

It turns out that in Orthodoxy, the sacred legend is any religious information that does not contradict the truth.

Catholic interpretation

The Catholic Sacred Tradition is transmitted from the mouth to the mouth, from generation to generation, religious doctrine of the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary.

Sacred legend in Protestantism

Protestants do not consider legend by the main source of their faith and admit independent writings by Christians. In addition, Protestants adhere to the principle of Sola Scriptura, which means "Only Scripture". To trust, in their opinion, you can only God, and only the Divine Word is authoritative. All other instructions are questioned. Nevertheless, Protestantism retained the relative authority of the church fathers, relying on their experience, but the absolute truth is only the information contained in Scripture.

Muslim sacred legend

The sacred legend of Muslims is set out in the Sunne - a religious text leading to episodes from the life of the Prophet Mohammed. Sunna is an example and manual that makes up the basis of behavior for all representatives of the Muslim community. It contains the statements of the prophet, as well as actions that are approved by Islam. Sunna is the second after the Quran Muslims, which is the main source of Islamic law, which makes it studying very important for all Muslims.

From 9 to 10 century, Sunna is worshiped among Muslims along with the Quran. There are even such interpretations of the sacred legend, when the Koran is called the "first Sunnai", and Sunna Mohammed - "Second Sunny". The importance of Sunna is due to the fact that after the death of the Prophet Mohammed, it is the main source that helps solve controversial issues of the life of the Khalifat and the Muslim community.

Bible place in the Holy Tradition

The Bible as the basis of Divine Revelation is the stories described in the Old and New Testaments. The word "Bible" is translated as "books", which fully reflects the essence of the Holy Scriptures. The Bible has written in different people for several thousand years, has 75 books in different languages, but has a single composition, logic and spiritual content.

According to the church, God himself inspired people to write the Bible, so this book is "bewildered". It was he who opened the authors the truth and constituted their narration into a single whole, helping to understand the content of books. Moreover, the Holy Spirit did not fill the human intelligence information for information. Truth spilled on the authors as grace, generating a creative process. Thus, the Sacred Scripture is, in fact, the result of the joint creativity of a person and the Holy Spirit. People when writing the Bible were not in trance or blurred states. All of them were in the right mind and sober memory. As a result, due to loyalty to legend and life in the Holy Spirit, the church was able to separate the grain from the whores, and include only those books in the Bible, in addition to the author's creative print, there are also the divine printing of grace, as well as those that connect the events of the Old and New covenants. These two parts of one book testify to each other. The old one indicates a new one, and the new confirms the old one.

Scripture and sacred legend briefly

If the sacred legend contains the entire foundation of faith, including the Scripture, it is very important to know at least a summary of its most important parts.

The Bible begins the Book of Being, which describes the moment of the creation of the world and the first people: Adam and Eve. As a result of the fall, the unfortunate turns out to be expelled from Paradise, after which the human genus continues, which only rooted sin in the earthly world. Divine attempts to hint to first people on their inappropriate actions end with total ignoring these. In the same book, the appearance of Abraham - the righteous, who concluded with God the covenants is a contract, according to which his descendants should get his land, and all other people are the blessing of God. The descendants of Abraham for a long time spend in captivity of the Egyptians. The prophet Moses comes to the aid, saving them from slavery and fulfilling the first treaty with God: giving them land for life.

There are books of the Old Testament, which provide rules for the comprehensive execution of the covenant, necessary in order not to disturb the will of God. To carry into people the law of God was entrusted to the prophets. From now on, the Lord proclaims the creation of a new covenant, eternal and common to all nations.

The new covenant is entirely built on the descriptions of the life of Christ: his birth, life and resurrection. Virgo Maria, as a result of a defective conception, give birth to a baby of Christ - the Son of God, who is destined to become a common true God and man, to preach and work wonders. The accused of blasphemy, Christ is killed, after which it miraculously resurrect and sends the apostles to preach around the world and bring the Word of God. In addition, there is a book about the apostolic acts, which refers to the emergence of the Church as a whole, about the actions of the people who are repressed by the blood of the Lord.

The latest biblical book - Apocalypse - speaks of the end of the world, victory over evil, universal resurrection and God, after which everyone will pay for his earthly acts. Then the Testament will be fulfilled.

There is also a sacred legend for children, whose writing contains the main episodes, but adapted to understand the smallest.

The meaning of the Scripture

In fact, the Bible concluded proof of the contract between God and people, and also contains instructions regarding the execution of this contract. Of the sacred biblical texts, believers draw information on how to do, but as not. The Bible is the most effective way to convey the Word of God to as much followers as possible.

It is believed that the accuracy of biblical texts is confirmed by the oldest manuscripts written by the contemporaries of Christ. They contain the same texts that they are preached today in the Orthodox Church. In addition, the text of Scripture contains predictions that came true.

The divine seal lying on the texts is confirmed by numerous wonders described in the Bible, taking place to this day. This refers to the convergence of the fertile fire before Easter, the appearance of stigmatics and other events. Some consider such things only by blasphemous focus and profanation, trying to expose those or other evidence of the existence of God and refute the historical accuracy of the Bible events. However, all these attempts, as a rule, are unsuccessful, because even those eyewitnesses who were opponents of Christ have never denied what they saw.

The most incredible wonders described in the Bible

• Miracle Mirasa

Twice a year, the shores of the South Korean Island of Chinko takes a miracle, similar to what Moses created. The sea is broken, exposing the coral reef. In any case, it is impossible to say exactly if there was a biblical event with an accident associated with natural phenomenon, or a real divine will, but it really was.

• Resurrection of the dead

In the 31st year, the disciples of Christ witnessed an amazing phenomenon: on the road to the city of Nin, they met the funeral procession. The unfulfilled mother buried the sole son; Being a widow, the woman remained quite alone. According to the allegations of those who attended this, Jesus squeezed over the woman, touched the coffin and ordered the dead to get up. To the amazement of others, the young man got up and spoke.

• Resurrection of Christ

The most important miracle, around which the entire New Testament is built - the resurrection of Christ, is also the most witted. This was spoken by not only students and apostles, who originally did not believe the incidentally, but also the authoritative contemporaries of Christ, such as, for example, a doctor and a historian of Luka. He also testified to the facts of the resurrection of Jesus from the dead.

In any case, faith in miracles is an integral part of the whole Christian faith. Believe in God - it means to believe in the Bible, and, accordingly, in the miracles taking place in it. Holy believe in the content of the Bible as a text written by God himself - a caring and loving father.

In order to preserve the revelation of God and bring him to descendants, holy men, accepting the suggestion from the Lord, recorded him in the book. To cope with this difficult task, Holy Spirit helped them, who was invisibly present nearby, pointing the right path. The numerous meeting of all these books unite in one common name - the Holy Scripture. Written by the Spirit of God, by the chosen people, among whom were the kings, the prophets, the apostles, it became sacred since ancient times.

The second name, which is used, describing the Sacred Scripture, is the Bible, which is translated from Greek as "books". This is an accurate interpretation, since the correct understanding here lies precisely in the plural. On this occasion, St. John Zlatoust noticed that the Bible was many books that form one-sole.

Bible structure

The sacred writing is divided into two components:

• The Old Testament is those books that they were written to a phenomenon in the world of Jesus Christ.
• The New Testament - was recorded by the Holy Apostles after the coming of the Savior.

The word "covenant" itself is literally translated as "Okaz", "teaching", "instruction". The symbolic value is to create an invisible union between God and man. Both of these parts are equivalent and together develop into a single sacrifice.

Old Testament, which is the more ancient Union of God with a man, was created immediately after the sin of the progenitors of mankind. Here, God gave them a promise that the Savior must come to the world.

The sacred Scripture of the New Testament is based on the fact that the Savior promised by the Lord appeared to the world, having accepted the human nature, became in all such people. With all his short life, Jesus Christ showed that she could be free from sin. Resurrected, gave people a great grace of renewal and sanctifying the Holy Spirit to continue their lives in the kingdom of God.

Structure of the Old and New Testament. Sacred books

They are written in ancient Jewish language. There are only 50 of which 39 canonical ones. However, it should be noted here that, according to the Jewish Code of Holy Scripture, some book groups are combined into one. And therefore their number is 22. It is so many letters in the Jewish alphabet.

If you form them in content, then four large groups can be distinguished:

• legislative - here include five major books that make up the basis of the Old Testament;
• historical - their seven, and they all tell about the lives of Jews, their religion;
• teachers - five books containing the doctrine of faith, the most famous psalter is considered;
• prophetic - all of them, and there are also five of them, contain the foresight that the Savior will come to the world soon.

Turning to the New Testament Sacred Sources, it should be noted that they are 27, and they are all canonical. The above Old Testament division into groups here is not applicable here, since each of them can be attributed immediately to several groups, and sometimes all at once.

The new covenant, except for the four Gospels, includes the acts of the Holy Apostles, as well as their messages: seven cathedral and fourteen from the Apostle Paul. Ends the story of the revelation of John the Theologian, also known as the Apocalypse.

Gospel

The new covenant begins, as you know, with four Gospels. This word means nothing but the good news of the salvation of people. Her brought Jesus Christ himself. It is him that he owns this high gospel - the gospel.

The task of evangelists was only to convey it, a narrative of the life of the Son of God's Jesus Christ. Therefore, they say not "Gospel Matthew", but "from Matthew". It is understood that all of them: Mark, Luke, John and Matthew - the gospel one - Jesus Christ.

1. Gospel from Matthew. The only written in the Aramaic language. It was intended to convince the Jews that Jesus is the very Messiah that they were so waiting for.
2. Gospel from Mark. It uses Greek with the goal to convey the preaching of the Apostle Paul with converts from the paganism of Christians. Mark emphasizes the wonders of Jesus, having emphasizing his power over nature, which the pagans endowed with divine properties.
3. The Gospel of Luke is also written by Greek for the former pagans who applied to Christianity. This is the most detailed description of the life of Jesus, which affects the events preceding the emergence of Christ Born from the Mary Mary. According to legend, Luke was personally familiar with her and became the author of the first icon of the Blessed Virgin.
4. Gospel from John. It is believed that it is written in addition to the three previous. John leads those words and acts of Jesus, which are not mentioned in previous gospels.

MANYABILITY OF Scripture Scripture

Books that all together form the Sacred Scriptures of the Old and New Testament are called brainstorming, since they are written by the impression of the Holy Spirit. In other words, it can be said that their only and real author is not anyone else like the Lord himself. It was he, who, defining them in a moral and dogmatic sense, makes it possible to make a creative work to realize God's intent.

That is why the Sacred Scripture has two components: Divine and Human. The first concludes the truth itself open by God. The second expresses it in the language of people who lived in one of the eras and belonging to a certain culture. The person who was created in the image and likeness of God is endowed with a unique opportunity to enter direct communication with the creator. God, being wisp and omnipotent, owns all means for communicating to people of his revelation.

About the sacred tradition

Speaking about the Scripture, one should not forget about one way to spread the divine revelation - a sacred legend. It is through him in ancient times that the doctrine of faith was transmitted. This transmission method exists to this day, because under the sacred tradition, the transfer of not only exercises, but also the sacraments, sacred rites, the law of God from the correctness of the ancestors to the same descendants.

In the twentieth century there was some change in the ratio of views on the role of these sources of Divine Revelation. In this regard, the old man Siluan says that legend covers the whole life of the church. Therefore, the most sacred writing is one of its forms. The value of each of the sources is not opposed here, but only emphasizes the special role of the legend.

Interpretation of the Bible

It is obvious that the interpretation of the Holy Scripture is a complex and can not be difficult for everyone. Acquaintance with the teachings of this level requires a person special concentration. Because God may not discover the meaning laid in one or another chapter.

There are several basic rules that need to follow, interpreting the provisions of the Holy Scriptures:

1. To consider all the events described is not isolated, but in the context of the time when they occurred.
2. To approach the process with due reward and humility so that God allow God to discover the meaning of biblical books.
3. Always remember who is the author of the Holy Scriptures, and in the event of contradictions to interpret it, based on the context of the entire message as a whole. There will be important to understand that there can be no contradictions in the Bible, since she is a must and the author of her - the Lord himself.

Sacred Scriptures of the World

In addition to the Bible, there are other bengested books to which representatives of other religious directions are treated. In the modern world there are more than 400 different religious flows. Let us dwell on the most famous.

Scripture of Jews

It follows from Scripture, which is closest in content and origin to the Bible, is the Judaian Tanah. It is believed that the composition of the books here practically corresponds to the Old Testament. However, there is a slight difference in their location. According to the Jewish canon, Tanah consists of 24 books, which are conventionally divided into three groups. The criterion here serve the genre of presentation and the period of writing.

The first - torus, or, as it is also called, the pentateuch of Moses from the Old Testament.

The second - Nevestia, translates as "prophets" and includes eight books covering the period from the arrival of the underwent and to the Babylonian captivity of the so-called prophecy period. There is also a certain gradation. Highlight the prophets of the early and later, the latter are divided into small and large.

The third - Ktowim, literally translates as "records". Here, in fact, the Scriptures containing eleven books.

Koran - Sacred Book from Muslims

Just like the Bible, contains the revelations that were measured by the Prophet Muhammad. The source, transferred to them in the mouth of the Prophet, is Allah himself. All revelations are ordered in the chapters - Sura, which, in turn, add up of poems - Ayatov. The canonical version of the Quran contains 114 Sur. Initially, they did not have names. Later, due to the various forms of transmission of the text, the surys received names, some at once several.

Quran is a sacred for Muslims, only if he is in Arabic. Translation is used for interpretation. Prayers and rituals are pronounced only in the original language.

In a meaningful plan, the Quran tells the story about Arabia and the Ancient World. Describes how a terrible court will occur, posthumous reward. Also here contain moral and legal norms. It should be noted that the Koran is legal force, since it regulates individual industries of Muslims.

Buddhist truck

It is a set of sacred texts that were recorded after the Buddha Shakyamuni died. It is noteworthy the name that is translated as "three baskets of wisdom". It corresponds to the division of sacred texts for three chapters.

The first - Vinal Power. Texts that contain rules regulating life in the monastic community of Sangha are posted here. In addition to aspects, there is a story about the history of the origin of these norms.

The second - Power Sutra, contains stories about the life of the Buddha, recorded by him personally, and sometimes by his followers.

The third - Abhidharma Power Support - includes the philosophical paradigm of the exercise. It contains its system statement based on deep scientific analysis. If the first two chapters contain practical provisions on how to achieve the state of enlightenment, the third strengthens the theoretical foundation of Buddhism.

Buddhist religion contains a considerable number of versions of this creed. The most famous of them is the Pali Canon.

Modern transfers of the Holy Scriptures

The teaching of this scale, like the Bible, attracts attention to the huge number of people. The need of humanity is indisputable in it. However, at the same time there is a danger of inaccurate or intentionally distorted translation. In this case, the authors can promote any of their interests, chase their own goals.

It should be noted that any of the sacred writings existing in the modern world has criticized. Her validity was confirmed or refuted the most stringent judge - time.

Today, the Sacred Scriptures of the New World is one of these widely discussed projects for the translation of the Bible. The author of the publication is the religious organization of Jehovah's Witnesses. In this embodiment, the sacred Scripture is a lot of new and unusual for admirers, people are truly believers and knowing it:

• some have disappeared with well-known words;
• there were new, absent in the original;
• the authors abuse the retelling and actively add their substitution comments.

Without entering into a controversy created around this work, it should be noted that it can be read, but it is preferably accompanied by a synodal translation adopted in Russia.

Biblia on ancient Greek means "books". The Bible consists of 77 books: 50 Books of the Old Testament and 27 books of the New Testament. Despite the fact that she was recorded for several millennia dozens of holy people in different languages, it has a complete composite completion and an internal logical unity.

It begins with the book of Being, where the beginning of our world is described - his creation by God and the creation of the first people - Adam and Eve, their fall, the spread of the human race and an increasing rooting of sin and delusion among people. It is described how one righteous was found - Abraham, who believed God, and God concluded with him the covenant, that is, a contract (see: Gen. 17: 7-8). At the same time, God gives two promises: one thing - that the descendants of Abraham will receive the land of Canaan and the second, which is important for all mankind: "And all the earth tribes will be blessed in you" (Gen. 12: 3).

So, God creates a special people from the patriarch of Abraham and, when he is in captivity of the Egyptians, through the Prophet Moses frees the descendants of Abraham, gives them the land of Canaan, which performs the first promise, and concludes the covenant with all the people (see: Dev. 29: 2-15).

In other Old Testament books, detailed instructions related to the observance of this covenant are given, advice are given on how to build their lives in order not to break the will of God, and also describes how the people chosen by God followed or violated this covenant.

At the same time, God called on the people of the prophets, through which he made his will and gave new promises, including the fact that "the days are coming, the Lord says when I conclude with the house of Israel and with the home of Juda new Testament"(Ier. 31: 31). And that this new covenant will be eternal and open to all nations (see: Is. 55: 3, 5).

And when the true God and a true man Jesus Christ Christ Christ was born from the Virgin, then in a farewell night, before going to suffering and death, he, sitting with the students, "Taking the cup and thanks, filed them and said: Drink it all, for This is the blood of my new covenant, for many exhausted to leaving sins "(MF. 26: 27-28). And after his resurrection, as we remember, he sent the apostles for the sermon to all nations, and thus turned the second promise of God to Abraham, as well as the prophecy of Isaiah. And then the Lord Jesus went to the sky and sat down his father's father, and so it was the word of the prophet David: "The Lord said to my Lord: Sing the onesnaar me" (Ps. 109: 1).

The New Testament Books of the Gospel is told about the life, death and resurrection of Christ, and the book of Acts of Apostolic talks about the appearance of the Church of God, that is, the community of faithful, Christians, the new people redeemed the blood of the Lord.

Finally, the latest book of the Bible - Apocalypse - tells about the end of our world, the upcoming defeat of the forces of evil, universal resurrection and the terrible court of God, followed by fair reward for everyone and the fulfillment of the promises of the New Testament for the following Christ: "And those who took it, Believers in his name, gave power to be Chadi God "(John 1: 12).

The same God inspired the Old and New Covenants, then the Word of God is equally. As the Holy Irina Lyon spoke, "and the law of Moses, and the grace of the new covenant, both kinds with times, are given for the benefit of the human race with the same God," and, according to the testimony of St. Athanasius the Great, "the new one is proved by the new one, and the new testifies Old ".

The meaning of the Scripture

According to her love, God builds us relationships with a person in such a height that he does not command, but it proposes to conclude a contract. And the Bible is the Sacred Book of the Covenant, a contract voluntarily concluded between God and Persons. This is the word of God, which does not contain anything but truth. It is drawn to each person, and every person from it can learn not only the truth about the world, about the past and the future, but also the truth about each of us, about what the Will of God and how we can follow it in your life.

If God, being a good creator, would wish to discover himself, then we would have to expect your word to convey to the larger number of people. Indeed, the Bible is the most common book in the world, it is transferred to the highest number of languages \u200b\u200band published the largest number of copies than any other book.

Thus, people are given the opportunity to learn and God himself, and his plans relating to our salvation from sin and death.

The historical accuracy of the Bible, especially the New Testament, confirm the most ancient manuscripts, written when there were already alive eyewitnesses of the earthly life of Jesus Christ; In them we find the same text as consumed now in the Orthodox Church.

The divine authorship of the Bible is confirmed by many miracles, including the annual consension of the wonderful fertile fire in Jerusalem - on the place where Jesus Christ was risen, and it was the day when Orthodox Christians are preparing to celebrate His Resurrection. In addition, the Bible contains numerous predictions that have been accuracy after many centuries after they were recorded. Finally, the Bible still powerfully acts on the hearts of people, transforming them and turning to the path of virtue and showing that the author still cares about his creation.

Since the sacred Scripture is impressed by God, the Orthodox Christians believe him unquestionably, for the victims of the Bible are the words of God himself, to whom Orthodox Christians trust as a caring and loving father.

Attitude towards the Holy Scriptures

Reading the Holy Scriptures brings great benefits for anyone who wishes to correct their lives. It enlightens the soul of truth and contains answers to all the difficulties that arise before us. There is not a single problem that could not get permission in the word of God, because it is in this book that we mentioned the most spiritual patterns that we mentioned above.

The man who reads the Bible and tries to live in accordance with what God speaks in it, you can compare with a traveler, going deep at a stranger with a bright lantern in hand. The light of the lantern makes it easy for him, allowing you to find the right direction, as well as avoid pits and puddle.

The same who is deprived of the reading of the Bible can be compared with the traveler, forced to go to the impenetrable darkness without a lantern. He comes out there, wherever he wanted, he often stumbles and falls into the pit, hurting and stupid.

Finally, who reads the Bible, but does not seek to bring their lives in line with those spiritual laws that are set out in it, you can like this unreasonable traveler, which, passing at night in unfamiliar places, keeps a lantern in hand, but does not include it.

Saint John Zlatoust said that "just as deprived of light can not directly go, and not seeing the ray of the Divine Scripture forced to sin, as they go to the deepest darkness."

Reading the Scriptures is not like reading any other literature. This is spiritual work. Therefore, before opening the Bible, the Orthodox Christian should be remembered by the Council of St. Ephraim Syrina: "When you start reading or listening to the sacred Scripture, they have called God as follows:" Lord Jesus Christ, the ears and the eyes of my eyes, to hear your words and understand them and To fulfill your will. " Always so molia of God, to enlighten your mind and opened you the power of your words. Many, hoping to their mind, were delusional. "

In order not to be mistaken and mistakes when reading the Holy Scriptures, well, except for prayer, also follow the advice of the Blessed Jerome, who said that "in reasoning about the scriptures cannot be made without predecessor and the guide."

Who can become such a guidebook? If the words of the Holy Scriptures were people enlightened by the Holy Spirit, then, of course, only people enlightened by the Holy Spirit can explain them correctly. And such a person becomes one who, having learned from the apostles of Christ, went along the way, open by the Lord Jesus Christ in the Orthodox Church, finally refused to sin and united with God, that is, became saints. In other words, a good guide to the study of the Bible can only be the one who himself passed the whole path offered in her God. Such a guide to Orthodox finds referring to the sacred legend.

Sacred Tradition: One Truth

In any good family there are family legends when people from generation to generation with love transmit stories about something important from the life of their ancestor, and thanks to this, the memory of it is still preserved even from those descendants that have never seen it personally.

The church is also a special kind of big family, because unites those who were adopted by God through Christ and became the son or daughter of the father of heaven. It is no coincidence that, in the Church, people turn to each other with the word "brother" or "sister", because in Christ, all Orthodox Christians become spiritual brothers and sisters.

And the church also exists a sacred legend, ascending to the apostles. The Holy Apostles communicated with God's embodied and recognized the truth from him directly. They transferred this truth to other people who had love for truth. Something of the apostles recorded, and it became a sacred scripture, but something was transmitted without writing, but orally either by the example of their life itself - just stored in the church sacred legend.

And about it speaks in the Bible the Holy Spirit through the Apostle Paul: "So, brethren, stand and hold the legends you are scaretable or a word or a message to our" (2 Fez. 2: 15); "I praise you, brethren that you all remember and keep legends as I handed you. For I accepted from the Lord himself what I conveyed "(1 Cor. 11: 2, 23).

In the sacred Scripture, the apostle John writes: "I have a lot to write to you, but I do not want in ink paper; And I hope to come to you and speak our mouths to the senses, so that your joy is full of "(2 in. 12).

And this is the Orthodox Christians, this joy is full, because in church tradition we hear the lively and eternal voice of the apostles, "tires to the mouths." The Orthodox Church maintains the true legend of the blissful teaching, which is directly like the Son from the Father, received from the Holy Apostles.

For example, you can bring the words of the ancient Orthodox St. Irinea, Bishop of Lyon. He wrote at the end II century after the Nativity of Christ, but in his youth was a student of St. Polycarp Smirnsky, who personally knew the Apostle John and other students and witnesses of the life of Jesus Christ. This is how the Holy Irina writes about this: "Then I remember harder than recently; For what we learned in childhood is strengthened with the soul and rooted in it. So, I could even describe the place where I was sitting and talked to the blissful polycarp; I can portray his gait, the image of his life and the appearance, his conversations to the people, as he told about his handling of the apostle John and with other self-divides of the Lord, as he recalled the words of them and retells that he heard from them about the Lord, his wonders and teaching. Since he heard everything from self-lifting words, he talked according to Scripture. According to God's mercy to me, I was still attentively listened to the polycarp and wrote down his words not on paper, but in my heart - and in the grace of God, I always keep them in fresh memory. "

That is why, reading books written by the Holy Fathers, we see in them the presentation of the same truth that was set forth by the apostles in the New Testament. Thus, the sacred legend helps to correctly understand the sacred writing, distinguishing the truth from lies.

Sacred legend: one life

Even family legend includes not only stories, but also a certain image of action based on life examples. It has long been known that things are learning better than words, and that any words get strength only if they do not diverge, but supporting the life of the one who says. Often it can be seen that the children in their lives come in the same way as their parents came in their eyes in this situation. So, family legend is not only the transfer of certain information, but also the transfer of a certain way of life and actions that are perceived only with personal communication and living together.

In the same way, the sacred legend of the Orthodox Church is not only the transfer of words and thoughts, but also the transfer of a holy way of life, pleasing to God and consonant with the truth. The first Saints of the Orthodox Church, such as the Holy Polycarp, were students of the apostles themselves and took it from them, and the subsequent holy fathers, like, for example, Holy Irina, were their students.

That is why, studying the description of the life of the Holy Fathers, we see in them the same feats and the expression of the same love for God and people who are visible in the life of the apostles.

Sacred Tradition: One Spirit

Anyone knows that when the usual human legend is retended in the family, then over time, something is often forgotten, and something, on the contrary, is invented by a new one, which was not really. And if someone from the older generation, hearing how a young family member incorrectly retells a story from a family legend, may correct it, when the last eyewitnesses die, such an opportunity is no longer left, and over time, a family legend transmitted from mouth to mouth , gradually loses some part of the truth.

But the sacred legend is different from all human legends precisely the fact that it never loses any part of the truth received at the beginning, because in the Orthodox Church there is always one who knows how everything was and as it is in fact - the Holy Spirit .

During a farewell conversation, the Lord Jesus Christ said to his apostles: "I'm a smart father, and give you another comforter, and there will be forever, the Spirit of Truth ... He will be with you and will be in you ... Comforter, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send the Father in the Name My, will teach you everything and remind you of everything I told you ... He will testify to me "(John 14: 16-17, 26; 15: 26).

And he performed this promise, and the Holy Spirit came down on the apostles, and since then, all 2000 years stayed in the Orthodox Church and dwells in it. The ancient prophets, and later the apostles could have known the words of truth because they communicated with God and the Spirit of the Saint had behaved them. However, after the apostles, it was not interrupted at all and did not disappear, for the apostles just worked in order to attach other people to this opportunity. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that the successors of the apostles - the Holy Fathers - also communicated with God and were instructed by the same Holy Spirit as the Apostles. And therefore, as evidenced by St. John Damaskin, one "Father does not conflict [other] fathers, because they were all by the generalists of one Holy Spirit."

So, the sacred legend is not only the transfer of certain information about the truth and the example of life in truth, but also the transfer of communication with the Holy Spirit, which is always ready to remind the truth and fill everything that a person lacks.

The sacred legend is an eternal, not aging memory of the church. The Holy Spirit, always acting through the Fathers and Teachers of the Church, protects it from every misconception. It has no less power than sacred writing, because the source of the other is the same Holy Spirit. Therefore, living and learning in the Orthodox Church, in which the oral apostolic preaching continues continues, a person can study the truth of the Christian faith and become saints.

What is the sacred legend in sight

So, the sacred legend is the truth received from the god, transmitted from the mouth to mouth from the apostles through the holy fathers until our time, which persists in the Church in the Church with the Holy Spirit.

What exactly can I find out the expression of this legend? First of all, the authoritative expressives for Orthodox Christians are the rulings of the universal and local councils of the Church, as well as the Scriptures of Holy Fathers, their lives and liturgical chants.

How to accurately determine the sacred legend in certain specific cases? Turning to the sources mentioned and holding the principle in the mind, expressed by the Holy Vinetiem Lininsky: "What blamed everything, always and everywhere in the Orthodox Church."

Attitude to the sacred legend

The Holy Irina Lyon writes: "In the church, as in a rich treasury, the apostles in completeness put everything that belongs to the truth, so that everyone can take away from her life."

Orthodoxy has no need to look for the truth: it possesses it, for the church already contains all the completeness of the truth, taught to us by the Lord Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit through the apostles and students of their fathers.

Turning to the testimony that they appeared in a word and life, we will comprehend the truth and enter the path of Christ by which the holy fathers passed after the apostles. And this path leads to a connection with God, to immortality and blissful life, free from all suffering and any evil.

The holy fathers were not just ancient intellectuals, and the carriers of spiritual experience, holiness, from which their sorry felt. All the saints were in God and therefore had one faith as the gift of God, as a sacred treasure and at the same time, ideal, path.

Voluntary, reverent and obedient following the holy fathers, enlightened by the Holy Spirit, relieves us from slavery lies and gives genuine spiritual freedom in truth, according to the word of the Lord: "We know the truth, and the truth will make you free" (John 8: 32).

Unfortunately, not all people turn out to be ready to do this. After all, for this you need to accept, that is, overcome your sinful pride and pride.

Modern Western culture, based on pride, often teaches a person to consider himself a measure of everything, to look happiness and measure their minds, their ideas and tastes. But this approach serves a bad service to those who perceive it, because with such an approach it is impossible to become better, perfect, kinder and even simply smarter. It is impossible to expand the frames of your mind, if not recognized that there is something more, the best and most advanced than we ourselves. It is necessary to humble the "I" and admit that in order to become better, we must not all true, the holy and perfect to evaluate on our own, but, on the contrary, to evaluate themselves in accordance with it, and not only evaluate, but also change.

So, every Christian should be subordinate to his mind to church, put himself no higher and not in short, and below the Holy Fathers, to believe them more than itself, - such a person will never betray the path leading to the eternal victory.

Therefore, when an Orthodox Christian opens a spiritual book, he prays the Lord so that he blessed this reading and gave to urgeby what is useful, and when reading is trying to be located with openness and confidence.

This is what the Holy Feofan writes: "Vera sincere - the denial of his mind. It is necessary to talk the mind and as a clean board to imagine faith, so that she draws herself on it as it is, without any impurity of third-party rivers and provisions. When their positions remain in the mind, then, on writing the provisions of faith, it will be in it a mixture of provisions: consciousness will be confused, meeting a contradiction between the actions of the faith and the impetus to the mind. These are all with their wisers entering the area of \u200b\u200bfaith ... they are confused in faith, and nothing comes out, besides harm. "

In the whole Christian world, it is customary to be holy by Scripture all the books that were written by the prophets and apostles under the "dictation" of God's Holy Spirit. God himself shared with his devotees by the secrets of the future, and they carried it through their records to all people, piercing time. All these books are collected under the Unified Name - Scripture or Bible.

If you look at the Bible on the other hand, it can be considered a collection of historical stories. All the books of the prophets and apostles in the Bible are assembled and arranged in the chronological order of their writing, and they tell about the lives of people, about all the events that took place on Earth from its start and over the next five and a half millennia. The Bible includes books that were written for two thousand years.

As a literary work, this book is absolutely no price. The Bible is priceless. This is a completely unique, unique literary masterpiece and monument. And for people of believers, it is also a kind of instruction for life and guide to action.

Sacred Scripture or Bible inside itself is divided into two parts - the Old and New Covenants. The Old Testament is most of the Bible, and it describes more ancient events. The new covenant, smaller in volume and tells us about later.

In the Old Testament part of the Holy Scripture, the authors of the books were preparing people for the arrival of Christ, they talked about the foundation of the Earth and life on it, clarified the spiritual divine laws of Being. And the New Testament authors, evangelists and students of Christ themselves tell us about the amazing coming and the life of Jesus, the Godchor, on Earth.

All the Old Testament of the Bible has a more diverse theme. From the very beginning it tells how God created the world: Luminous, land, man, animal and birds. The most ancient part of the Bible is devoted only to this topic.

Further, the Bible tells us about what laws God installed for his people through Moses. The commandments that were given to the Jews through the first great prophet are still the main rules of Christian faith and life in general.

The next part of the Old Testament describes in detail the historical events that took place for a whole thousand years before the start of the second century new era. Then follow the books of moral and edifying. All life history of individual people or socio-political events of the time described in these books - in each of them makes sense and teaching for anyone living person today.

In the Old Testament there are books that are distinguished by their poetchiness and lyricity of content. These include the book of Psalms of King David and the song of the song of King Solomon. They reveals the inner peaceful world of a man of loving and worshiping God - the Creator.

The last books that make up the Old Testament are prophetic. This is not just the predictions of the future, these are peculiar revelations and appeals of those former prophets to all of us. They reveals the soul and the heart of God himself - father, who wants to convey all love and understanding, holiness and righteousness to their children. These books teach a person to live so that his heart is open to him, father and the creator of the whole earth. All the Old Testament make up thirty nine books.

The new covenant consists of twenty-seven books, which describe the earthly life of Jesus Christ (Four Gospels), his students - followers (Acts of Apostles), letters, or rather, the messages of the students themselves to different nations and the book of revelations, which gives a complete picture of the last days Life on Earth.

The goal of all the teachings of the Holy Scripture - to teach a person to live righteously, to eradicate in itself any evil, thereby defeating the spiritual death. This is the Holy Scripture, the Bible, a book that is ancient of all ever existed on earth books.

Orthodoxy Titov Vladimir Eliseevich

"Sacred Scripture" and "Sacred Tradition"

Orthodox theologians insist on the mogood nature of their creeds, convince of their followers that it was given to people by the Lord God in the form of revelation.

This divine revelation applies and is supported among believers through two sources: "Holy Scripture" and "Sacred Tradition". The first source of its creed of Orthodoxy believes "Sacred Scripture", "Books written by Much-affected husbands - in the Old Testament, the prophets, and in the new covenant apostles - and components of the so-called Bible."

The second source is "the sacred legend", under which Orthodologists understand the ideologists of Orthodoxy, "The fact that truly believers honoring God and the example transmit one other and ancestors and the descendant of faith (i.e., as it should be believed), God's law (as it should Live) how to make sacraments and sacred rites. "

What are these fugitive sources of the creed of Orthodoxy? "Sacred Scripture" is the Bible, a collection of books of the Old and New Testament, recognized by the Church for Bogovinny, that is, written by the Holy Mudes on the suggestion and with the assistance of the Spirit of God. It should be noted that the Orthodox Churches are not all parts of the Bible consider tuning, or canonical. Orthodoxy includes 38 books of the Old Testament and all 27 books of the New Testament. In the Old Testament canonical, the following books are considered: Genesis, Exodus, Levit, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Jesus Navina, Judges (along with her book Ruth), Four books of kingdoms, two books Paralypomenon, two books Ezders, Neemia, Esther, Iova, Psalm , Solomon Proverbs, Ecclesiast, Song of the Song, the Book of the Prophet Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel and the Books of the Twelve Prophets.

The rest of the books placed in the Bible are considered non-Canonic Orthodox churches (for example, the Book of Wisdom of Jesus Son Syrahov, Tovit, Judith, etc.). In addition, there are separate places in the canonical books that are not recognized by tumorly. For example, the prayer of the king of Manasia at the end of the 2nd book of Paralypomenon, parts of the Esther's book, not indicated by the pych score, the song of three details in the 3rd chapter of the Book of the Prophet Daniel, the story about Susanne in the 13th chapter, the story of the Vile and Dragon at 14 "He chapter the same book."

It is necessary to say directly that, from the point of view of an uncompressed reader, the canonical and non-canonical books of the Bible do not differ much from each other in content. Some frivolism of the content of the story about Susanne and elders can not be considered an obstacle to the inclusion of it in the canon if they keep in mind the greater sensuality and eroticism of the famous canonical song song. The main argument of Christian theologians against the inclusion of certain places in the biblical canon is not objection to their content, but the fact that they are absent in the Hebrew text of the Bible and appear only in the Septuagint (Greek translation of "70 intercovers") and then in Wulgate (medieval Latin transfer). The Catholic Church and Orthodox Churches consider the non-canonic places of the Bible with shovels for reading and include them in their bible editions. Protestant churches adhere to canon only.

Canon New Testament Next: Four Gospels (from Matthew, from Mark, from Luke, from John); Acts of the Apostles; seven cathedral messages (one James, two Peter, three John, one Judino); Fourteen Pavle messages (to the Romans, two to Corinthians, to Galatians, to Ephesians, to Philippians, to Colossians, two to thesalonians, two to Timothy, to Titus, to Filimon, to Jews); Revelation of John the Bogoslov.

Bible scientific criticism found that the Old Testament part of the Bible was created by various authors over several centuries. The most ancient parts of the Old Testament (Debora's 5th chapter of the Book of Judges, the funeral song of David on the death of Saul and his son Ionophan from the second book of kingdoms) go back to the XIII century. BC e. Initially, they were transmitted as oral tradition. The recording of such oral traditions began with Jews at the turn of the II and the Millennium BC. e. When they perceived the Phoenician writing. The first prophetic books included in the Bible appeared not earlier than the VIII century. BC e. (Books of Osi, Amos, Micah, First Sophia). To vi in. BC e. Researchers believed the books of judges and kingdoms, only in the middle of the II century. BC e. A psalm was composed. And only at the beginning of the i century. BC e. The Old Testament part of the Bible was compiled at the same form, in which it reached our time.

Analysis of the Old Testament, made by many generations of researchers, leads to a firm conviction that the "Holy Spirit" had no relation to the creation of the Bible. It is enough to bring to the example of the Book of Genesis, which opens the famous Pentateuch of Moiseevo. Two original sources are clearly traced in this book. The book, which entered the biblical criticism called Yahvist, was compiled by the follower of God Yahweh, initially God's knee of Judah, and then all the Jewish tribes that united around this tribe. The second book of the Elochist is compiled by followers of the Gods of Elohim (multiple number on behalf of God Eloch). These primary sources give similar, but at the same time differing in the essential details of the description of the "creation" of the Universe, the history of mankind and the Jewish people.

And in relation to the New Testament, part of the Bible created by Christians - scientific analysis also convinces us that we are dealing with a purely earthly document. For example, Christian theologians argue that the New Testament books were born in the order in which they are listed in the Canon of the New Testament (the first - the Gospel, the last - apocalypse). In fact, the procedure for the appearance of New Testament books is directly opposite. And the composition of the Canon of the New Testament was approved only in 364 in the Laodicine Cathedral, that is, more than three centuries after the events that describes.

And so in order to build an earthly document - the Bible in the rank of the Divine Document, Orthodox theologians are trying to reinforce the authority of "Holy Scripture" by the authority of the "sacred legend".

Unlike Protestantism, which rejects the "sacred legend", and Catholicism, which adheres to the incompleteness of the "Holy Scriptures", Orthodoxy both sources of its creed recognizes equitable. "The sacred legend is the same divine revelation, the same word of God, orally transmitted by the Church by Jesus Christ, like the Holy Scripture, with the only difference that it is the word of God, orally transferred by the Church by Jesus Christ and Apostles, and the Sacred Scripture - the Word of God , concluded in the books by gog-affairs of her husbands and in the writings transferred to the church. "

Orthodox theologians believe that the comprehension of the "deepest" secrets of "Divine Revelation" is possible only within the framework of a close combination, mutual agreement of the main provisions of the "Holy Scriptures" and "Sacred Tradition". According to their point of view, "so that the divine revelation is preserved more accurately and consistently. Scripture. " And the need to legend is visible at least from the fact that the books can use a smaller part of people (only competent), and the tradition is all.

The main meaning of the "sacred legend", from the point of view of Orthodox theologians, is that it is necessary for the correct understanding of the "Holy Scriptures", in which many thoughts are compressed and without explanations are incomprehensible. The students are the apostolic and their successors allegedly heard a detailed preaching of the apostles and knew how the apostles themselves understood the meaning of the expectation in writing. Therefore, the interpretation of the "Holy Scripture" without appealing to the "sacred legend," warned the believers of Orthodox theologians, can lead and leads to distortion of Truths of faith, to heresy. Tradition, from the point of view of Orthodox theologians, it is also necessary to properly commit sacraments and rites in their initial establishment, as often in the "Holy Scripture" there is no accurate mention of how to make them. And the "Muddy" apostles, of course, knew the formulas for the commission of the sacraments and rites and reported "grateful descendants" in legend.

What is the second source of refinery of Orthodoxy, the so-called "sacred legend"? The composition of the "sacred legend" is diverse and complicated, the Orthodox theologians themselves are 9 parts in it. These are, firstly, the symbols of the faith of the most ancient local churches (Jerusalem, Antioch and others); Secondly, the so-called "Rules of Apostolic", they were not written by the apostles, but contain, in the opinion of Orthodox theologians, the practice of apostolic times, although they were collected together not earlier than the IV century.; Third, the correctness and the rules of the first seven universal councils and the three main, the authority of which is recognized as the sixth Ecumenical Cathedral; Fourth, confession of faith made by the fathers of the Church (Symbols of Faith Grigory Neokezarian, Vasily of the Great, the presentation of the Orthodox faith Gregory Palma, etc.); Fifth, the acts of universal and local councils; Sixth, the ancient liturgia, of which many, on the conviction of Orthodox theologians, go back to the apostles; in-seventh, acts of martyrs; in the eighth, the creations of the fathers and teachers of the Church ("Word Oblast" Grigory, the "Theology" of John Damaskina, etc.); Nine, the ancient practice of the church concerning sacred times, places, rituals, etc., partly reproduced in writing.

However, in the Christian theology with "Sacred Tradition" there are strange things. We have already mentioned that one of the three main directions in Christianity - Protestantism does not recognize the authority of the "sacred legend" at all. Protestant theologians consider the "sacred legend" by the creation of church figures, and not the Holy Spirit. And therefore, from their point of view, it cannot be supplied in one row with the Bible. The endless disputes on the composition of the "sacred legend" are also between representatives of the two other major trends of Christianity - Orthodoxy and Catholicism. The Catholic Church includes the decision of all Ecumenical Councils (after the 7th Ecumenical Council, only the Catholic Church collected such) and solutions to Roman dads. Orthodox churches strongly reject these additions. These disputes of representatives of the main currents of Christianity undermine the authority of the "sacred legend", depreciate its meaning. Orthodox theologians are difficult to support the authority of the "sacred legend" the authority of the Bible, "Holy Scripture". And then a new substantiation of the incredit meaning of the Bible is being launched: the idea of \u200b\u200bthe scriptures of "Holy Scripture" is used. Consider this argument of Orthodox theologians.

Wishes or does not want the Orthodox clergy, from the theological interpretation of the need to "sacred legend", it is rather clear that the theologians subconsciously feel deficiency, the inferiority of the "Holy Scriptures", the source, which, according to their opinion, should answer all requests for an inquisitive human mind. But even involuntarily pronouncing, Orthodox theologians highly appreciate the "Sacred Scripture" and are trying to confirm its truth of reference to his bogotrointestinal, "violent" character. For theologians "Manty-affairs" - undoubted proof of truth. To whom, how not to God know the truth?!

How do Orthodox theologians understand the "primarity"? On this occasion in the Christian theology, various points of view were expressed, mainly they can be reduced to three. Part of theologians (Athenagor, Justin Martyr, Terertullian and theologian of the Old Protestant School of the XVII century.) It was believed that the authors of the biblical books were only the authorities inspired by their "Holy Spirit" and reported "wisdom" of the revelation of God in an ecstatic state, without any participation of their own consciousness and Will. According to this look, the responsibility for the biblical texts is fully borne by the "Holy Spirit", and since he is a member of the Holy Trinity, then, naturally, he could not be mistaken, and therefore in the Bible is true not only all legends, but every word, every letter.

Another direction in the Christianology (Origen, Epiphany, Jerome, Vasily, Great, Zlatoust) more carefully approached the definition of the nature of the Bible. Representatives of this direction understood inspiration only as insight and enlightenment emanating from the "Holy Spirit", in which the consciousness and personal activity of the authors of the biblical books remained in immunity. To the great regret of modern theologians, representatives of this destination did not express "a separate look at the foulness of the holy books, whether they are brainstormy."

And finally, it is necessary to point out the third direction in the interpretation of the question of the "scripture" "Holy Scripture". When, as a result of the science criticism of the Bible, it became clear that a rather small Tolik remains in the content of the "Holy Scripture", among theologians who want to save Christian dogma, there was a whole school of the so-called modernists who began to limit the "primarity" of "sacred" books General content, without recognizing in biblical texts of individual details.

Orthodox theologians are most of all to the second of the listed three points of view. The first direction in the interpretation of "primordination" seems to them somewhat limited, since the authors of the biblical books, the verbulating divine truth, "turn into mechanical instruments, in the automata, alien understanding and attitude towards the reported truths." Of course, the case is not in the insufficiency of this understanding of "inspiration." Simply nowadays, it's hard to prove that every word and every letter is true in the Bible, too much detected in the "Holy Scripture" of contradictions and absurdities.

As for the third direction with its extreme conclusions, it seems to be Orthodox theologians too "revolutionary" and rejected, since it "takes out the internal necessity, the connection between the thought and the word, between the subject of revelation and its external presentation and the expression." Orthodox theologians scares that such views "little and all the Scriptures are reduced to the works of human, and he is recognized as the concept of ignorant, who taught."

The contemporary Orthodox theologians formulate its attitude to the nature of the "primordiality" of biblical books as follows: "Missiness is that St. Writers are all that neither wrote, written in direct excitation and instruction of St. Spirit, and received from him as thought and the word, or the external form of expression (as far as it is in an inseparable connection with the most content of revelation), but without any constraint and violence of their natural abilities. "

However, the absence of all the constraints and violence against the natural abilities of earthly authors is very conducive to theologians. Reading the Bible anyone can put in a dead end: she is full of contradictions. For example, according to the first chapter of the Book of Genesis, a man and a woman were created by God at the same time, the second chapter of this book claims that at first he was molded from clay Adam, and then from his rib created Eve. It is impossible to understand and how much time the flood lasted. "Flooding forty days continued on Earth - this is one bible message. "Water intensified on Earth one hundred and fifty days," says other verse "Holy Scripture." Many are familiar with the biblical myth of David's struggle with Goliath. However, the same Bible in another place reports: "Then Elhanan killed, the son of Yagare-Orgima of Bethlehemsky, Goliath Hepyanin." No less controversial and new covenant, part of the Bible, which is honored only by Christians. It is enough to bring the pedigree Jesus Christ. According to the Gospel of Matthew, 42 generations passed from the Patriarch of Abraham to Jesus, and the gospel of Luke has 56 generations. Scientific criticism of the Bible shows what a huge number of such contradictions and historical inconsistencies is available in the so-called "Holy Scripture".

How to explain numerous contradictions of biblical texts, how to explain the irreconimicing contradiction of biblical legends and the achievements of modern natural science? Indeed, even according to the point of view of modern theologians "Truth is one and objective." Armed with the above understanding of the "primordiality", Orthodox theologians are trying to fight against the scientific criticism of the Bible.

It turns out that you can explain and justify anything. To do this, it is necessary only enough savvy in theology. It has already been said that according to the point of view of the Orthodoxy "Manty-affairs", when writing biblical books, it did not constrain the natural abilities of the Earth authors of the "Holy Scriptures". "But since the human nature is imperfect, the participation of free human activity in writing holy. Books can bring some imperfections in them. Therefore, they do not contradict the sound of the Scriptures found in St. Books of thoughts and feelings of purely human, inaccuracies, disagreements, and so on. Works of holy Writers are perfect only as much as necessary for the purposes of Divine. Where for the cause of human salvation of enough and imperfect human knowledge, God allowed the imperfections to manifest. The same can be said about the form in which the gods are outlined. revelation".

This is a very important recognition of Orthodox theologians. We have already seen that in the interpretation of the need to "sacred legend", the Orthodox theologians, although not wanting to those who were inflicted for the inferiority of the "Holy Scriptures", in which the allegedly "many thoughts are compressed and without explanation." It is clearly clear and unambiguously the theologians themselves are expressed about the imperfection of the "Holy Scriptures" from the point of view and maintenance of individual places, and the form of presentation. True, all these "imperfections" of the Bible with pure theological caution are recognized. Gross chronological errors are called "inaccuracy", screaming contradictions of biblical texts - "disagreements", the complete intransigence of the biblical picture of the creation of the world with the achievements of modern natural science, modestly refers to the heading "and so on." But in this case, it is not interested in caution of theologians, but the fact of the recognition of the imperfection of "Holy Scripture",

With the help of such an understanding of the "primordiality", Orthodox theologians are trying to protect the Bible from the blows of scientific criticism. They understand perfectly well that in our days, when even a little-old to the educated person, many flaws of biblical ideas are visible, to save the biblical text in its entirety is impossible. But the Holy Spirit, "dictating" biblical legends prophets and apostles, must be saved. It can not tell the deity to a lie. Therefore, Orthodox theologians "found in St. The books of thoughts and feelings are purely human, inaccuracies, disagreements, etc. ", that is, all kinds of mistakes are attributed to the imperfection of the Bible's terrestrial authors, at the expense of an imperfect human nature, which managed to impose their imprint even at the" Bogovandanny "" Holy Scripture ". From the fact that the responsibility for the imperfections of "Holy Scripture" is shifted from the shoulders (if it can be expressed) the Holy Spirit on the conscience of the Bible's Earth Authors, the biblical contradictions themselves do not disappear.

Despite the forced recognition of the imperfection of "Holy Scripture", the importance of the Bible by the Orthodox theologians is still evaluated very high. Biblical books, they say, "more important than all books for a person, as the Volodya of God, which you need to know for the fault of God and the salvation of the soul. The Bible is a book of books. "

In the second collection of "Theological Labor", which was published in 1961, there was a review of the Candidate of theology of E. A. Karmannova on the book of Catholic theologians E. Galbiati and A. Piazza "Difficult Bible Pages (Old Testament)". We will still focus on this review when we consider the issues of the relationship between Orthodoxy and Science. Now I would like to consider several program provisions E. A. Karmanova. He relates to the abandonment "from literal meaning in favor of spiritual and symbolic" in the interpretation of biblical texts. He believes that the contradiction of two stories about the creation of the world is easily removed, since the first story is written in a religious and moral plan, and the second is in the psychological-didactic. Both stories, they say, do not claim an objective statement of facts, the order of events is not included in the circle of the author's assertions. According to the author, the biblical description of the World Flood does not assert its "globacy" and applies only to Palestine, Egypt and neighboring countries. In the famous Babylonian pillar, it turns out that you can see the "standard hyperbole like our skyscraper." In conclusion, the author expresses the conviction that "the proper use of a historical-critical method, a painstaking and comprehensive study of the biblical text without hasty and low-oblated conclusions give excellent results." But who will determine, hasty or uniform conclusions, are they reasonable or unreasonable? The author of the review considered it possible to admit that the narrative of the Book of Genesis on the creation of the world does not claim an objective statement of facts. And what about contradictions in the Gospels, these biographies of Jesus Christ? Perhaps, evangelical texts also do not claim an objective statement of facts? Perhaps, they are only religious-edible stories? Perhaps, and there was no immaculate conception of Jesus Christ, his crucifixion, his wonderful resurrection and ascension to heaven? Unpleasant questions for theologians. The track of the symbolic interpretation of the Bible is very dangerous for them, but they are forced to step on it, customized by the science criticism of the "Holy Scriptures".

The situation is no better and with another source of creed - "sacred legend." Dogmata, rulings, canons of the universal cathedrals, as we have already seen, were created for more than one hundred years in various people in various environments. And here we also meet with interesting facts that disprove the theological concept of "manty-affairs" "sacred legend." Take, for example, the credo of Orthodoxy, his symbol of faith and the "secret of the secrets" of Christianity - Dogmat about the Blessed Trinity.

From book language and religion. Lectures on philology and history of religions Author Moskovskaya Nina Borisovna

63. Talmud, the sacred legend of Judaism by the consequence of the IPSE Dixit principle, ", so organic for communication in the Religions of Scripture (see §56), was the fact that the circle of the authors of the Scripture was originally limited. He included only the highest religious authorities, and

From the book Orthodox dogmatic theology Author Pomazansky protopsychist Mikhail

The sacred legend of the sacred legend in the initial accurate sense of the word is a legend coming from the ancient Church of the Apostolic Times: it was called in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. "Apostolic tradition." It's necessary to keep in mind that the ancient church carefully protected from

From the book dogmatic theology Author Davydenkov Oleg.

Section II Sacred Tradition 1. The Holy Scripture on the Holy Tradition Sacred Tradition is a general form of preserving and distribution by the Church of its teaching. Or other formulation - the preservation and distribution of Divine Revelation. This form itself

From the book of Orthodoxy Author Titov Vladimir Eliseevich

"Sacred Scripture" and "Sacred Tradition" Orthodox theologians insist on the mogood nature of their own, creed, convince of their followers that it is given to people by the Lord God in the form of revelation. This is the divine revelation and

From the book Catholicism Author Raskova Raisa Timofeevna

Sacred Scripture and the sacred legend of Catholicism as one of the directions in Christianity finally took shape only after the division of Western and Eastern churches in 1054. Therefore, in his dogmatics and creed, there are both common with Orthodoxy (and then with Protestantism),

From the book Bibliology Dictionary Author Mary Alexander

Tradition Sacred and Sacred Scripture There are many attempts to give an accurate definition of holy. P., but none of them recognize exhaustive. The complexity of the problem seems to be due to the fact that the concept of holy. P. How about the Word of God, opening the church, can not be

From the book of the pallet, or talked spiritual Author Dissagger John

Holy Scripture Incessant teaching in the afternoon in the Word of God serves to disgust sleepy thin dreams. . Labor, and not nagim the word should go to the Divine. Listening to narutments about the exploits of holy fathers and the teachings of them excites the soul to jealousy

From the book dogmatic theology Author (Castal-Borozdin) Archimandrite Alpi

IV. The sacred legend The concept of "legend" implies the continuity transmission from generation to generation of any knowledge or teaching. For an early church, a very broad understanding of the sacred legend is characterized. Apostle Paul unites all the creed in this concept,

From the book Catechism. Introduction to the dogmatic theology. Lecture course. Author Davydenkov Oleg.

1. The sacred legend "Under the name of the sacred legend, of course, when truly believers and god-believe in a word and an example transmit one another, and ancestors to the descendants, the doctrine of faith, the law of God, the Famine and Sacred Rites." The word "legend" itself (Greek ?????????) means

From the book Saint Feofan, the recovery and his doctrine of salvation Author TRADERS GEORGY.

3.6. Why should the sacred legend and then when we have the Holy Scriptures? The need to keep legend even when we possess the sacred scripture, due to the three reasons. And the sacred legend includes the fact that in principle cannot

From the book of teaching Author Kavsocalivit Porfiry

Scripture and sacred legend, the creations of the Holy Fathers in the Old Testament, God sent the prophets to Earth, who reported his will, and the prophets, moved by the Holy Spirit, were interpreted and reported to people of God, "Breathing Having to Be Atonement" and

From the book of the basis of the art of holiness, volume 1 Author Varnava Bishop

Holy Scripture Everything has an eternal book - Holy Scripture by its foundation. The source of monastic life is the Holy Scripture, the Gospel. What does the Old Testament say? Go from your land, from your kinship and from your home your father and go to the ground that I will give you ... (Gen. 12, 1).

From the book 300 words of wisdom Author Maksimov Georgy.

A. Sacred Scripture. If the Sacred Scripture, or, as it is often also called, the Bible, as a source of God has such an indisputable importance for us, then the question arises: what is it in its essence? What is the Bible? A few words o

From the Basics of Orthodoxy Author Nikulina Elena Nikolaevna

B. Sacred legend. * (* The section dedicated to the bias. Legend and Patriotics are available only in the form of sketches. - Note, compiler.) Another positive source of revelation is the sacred legend - the invading word of God. Empty

From the book of the author

Sacred legend 63. "If anyone wants to protect against deceptions and stay healthy in faith, then I must protect your faith first, the authority of the Holy Scripture, and secondly by the tradition of the Church. But, perhaps, someone will ask: Canon Scriptures perfect and sufficient

From the book of the author

The meaning of the concepts of "Divine Revelation", "Sacred Tradition", "Sacred Scripture", "Bible", "Old and New Testament" The goal of divine house-building, i.e. the care of God about his creation, is the salvation of man and the connection of him with the Creator. Certificate