A handsome man during the flowering period, a natural antidepressant, a fragrant shrub and a favorite culinary seasoning is rosemary... An amazing guest from the Mediterranean has taken root in Russia as well. But it is quite difficult to find it even in nurseries, so many of its admirers dream of growing a shrub on their own. How to grow rosemary in the open field in the suburbs?
When to plant?
Gardeners and gardeners often plant rosemary as an ornamental plant for their area. Thanks to the delicate aroma of "sea freshness" in the plant, an atmosphere of being on the seashore with uniquely clean air is created. Today we will talk about how and when to plant rosemary.
Growing features:
- Rosemary is a very thermophilic plant, therefore it does not tolerate frost;
- In the northern regions, summer is the best time to grow outdoors;
- The shrub prefers loose soil enriched with limestone;
- It is resistant to various diseases;
- Perhaps reproduction by seedlings, cuttings, seeds;
- Does not tolerate strong winds;
- Dislikes high soil moisture;
- Does not tolerate high soil acidity.
Reproduction by seedlings... It is customary to sow seeds for seedlings in specially prepared boxes with soil at the end of February or in the first half of March. A month later, when the seeds sprout, the resulting seedlings must be transplanted separately into pots. With the onset of steadily warm days, the seedlings are transplanted into open ground on the southern side of the site.
Propagation by cuttings... If the decision is made to propagate the shrub by cuttings, then you will need to stock up on young shoots, which must be cut off in the middle of summer. The cutting should be 10 centimeters long and have 4 bifurcations. The lower part of the cuttings will need to be buried 5 centimeters into the ground, observing a planting angle of 35 degrees.
Thus, it can be concluded that the best time to plant rosemary is early summer. If the spring is very warm, then planting in open ground can be done in mid-May.
Landing rules in the Moscow region
With good and careful care of the plant, it can be grown in areas of the Moscow region, with not very warm climatic conditions.
Prolonged and persistent frosts in the region destroy its shoots above the ground. Therefore, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with several rules for planting a plant in central Russia:
- When propagating by seeds, the optimum air temperature is from 25 to 28 degrees.
- Cut off young shoots can first be rooted in a flowerpot on the windowsill, and then planted in open ground.
- It is best to propagate rosemary by seed, which is sown in loose and well-damp soil with the presence of peat and humus. After that, the box should be covered with glass and foil and left in a room with a temperature of about 10 degrees until shoots appear.
- The grown bores of the plant are grown at an optimum temperature for them of 11 degrees, after having transplanted them into separate flowerpots until they are completely stronger.
- It is better to plant ready-made seedlings on or on a personal plot in early June.
- To simplify the growing procedure, you can place a cuttings cut from an adult bush in a growth stimulating solution (sold in the garden supply departments). After that, prepare the fertilized soil with sandy drainage and add the cutting into it. After 20 ─ 30 days, the stalk with roots is transplanted to an area with bright lighting.
Care
Rosemary grows well outdoors and can grow up to 2 meters in height. It is possible to grow a plant on the terraces and balconies of the apartments. The flowering varieties bloom luxuriantly and can be dangling, which will look great in a variety of tubs and pots.
For good growth and lush flowering, you can take into account some of the features of proper plant care:
Pruning
Shrub pruning is an integral part of plant maintenance. If rosemary is grown for industrial purposes, then the bushes are pruned about once every 7 years. The twigs are cut at the root, which will lead in the future to rejuvenation and the appearance of new shoots.
In decorative cultivation, pruning is done to shape the plant. This should be done in early spring and no more than once a year.
Otherwise, the shrub will undergo a long recovery process and will not please with flowering. There is also a risk of death of rosemary after cutting if it was planted in open ground.
Harvesting
You can pluck the leaves from rosemary throughout the summer and add them to your food. If the plant was moved indoors for the winter, then you can pamper yourself with fresh and fragrant greens throughout the cold period.
For winter stocks, there are some nuances in harvesting:
Wintering
At growing rosemary in the open field in the suburbs, it needs reliable protection from cold weather for the winter.
For shelter, both dry foliage and sawdust can be ideal.
Even slight frosts can cause irreparable damage to the plant. So it is necessary to plan its wintering in advance.
You can transplant into a flowerpot and move it into the house for the winter, and with the arrival of warming, plant it again on the site.
If the air temperature in the region drops below 10 degrees, then the best way to save the shrub is to dig it up and store it in a basement with a temperature of about 5 degrees.
Types and varieties
In total, there are 5 types of rosemary in nature. For planting in our region, the most common type is considered Common rosemary. Also, this species has 3 well-known varieties:
Drug 
Prostrate
- Drug. The variety has tall and loose bushes. Grows very well in width.
- ... The plant of this variety is the most branched, reaching a height of almost one meter. The shrub is mid-season, growth from sowing with seeds to reaching the size of a mature bush lasts about 90 days. It has a narrowed foliage with a sinewy surface, flowering occurs in the form of blue flowers. Has a unique coniferous aroma that repels most pests. The variety is resistant to many diseases.
- Prostrate... Bushes grow well in breadth. They are up to half a meter tall. One seedling at a mature age is able to occupy a space of about 2 meters. A variety of open rosemary, may be lavender and creeping. It blooms vigorously and beautifully from pale blue to bright purple tones of flowering.
Today's gardeners are more likely to plant rosemary, not for a culinary purpose, but as a decoration for their site. After reading this article, any even the most novice gardener can easily grow rosemary in the open field even in the suburbs.
Rosemary has been used as a spice for a long time.
Due to its healing properties, this plant became widespread very quickly.
WHAT IS USEFUL?
Rosemary is used in the treatment of kidney and urinary tract diseases.
An infusion of leaves is able to normalize the secretion of bile and relieve colic.
Rosemary essential oil and its decoctions have a good effect on the hair structure (combine water and rosemary in equal parts - a glass of rosemary in a glass of water - add the resulting solution to shampoo (in a two to one ratio) and rinse your hair thoroughly.
Rosemary helps open the clogged pores of the scalp, which greatly speeds up hair growth.
You can brew tea with rosemary; it is very beneficial for the general tone of the body, improves blood circulation, and also improves hair growth as a natural stimulant.
In addition, fresh rosemary leaves will become a piquant highlight of each of your culinary masterpieces prepared in the country.
Moderate amounts of this herb can be added to both meat and fish dishes.
LANDING AND CARE
Rosemary is propagated by cuttings, which usually take root well.
The southern climate is more suitable for the plant, but it can be successfully grown in the central regions.
The main thing is not to forget that rosemary does not tolerate waterlogging well, as well as cold, therefore it requires mandatory shelter for the winter.
It is good to plant it in shady places.
REPRODUCTION BY SHARING
- Dig a hole 10 cm deep and add rotted manure or compost there.
- Plant the stalk in the hole and carefully tamp the soil around it.
- Water the planted plant. In two years, the stalk will turn into a beautiful and vigorous bush.
Rosemary benefits and cultivation (from the Encyclopedia of garden plants)
Rosemary: benefits
Rosemary is one of the symbols of Easter. In medieval medical treatises, rosemary tincture is advised to treat insomnia, and rosemary was also considered a means of preserving youth. Modern scientists have found alkaloids (rosemary), ursolic and rosmarinic acids, tannins, resins, bitterness in the leaves of rosemary. The leaves, flowers and upper parts of the shoots contain essential (rosemary) oil, its yield, depending on the place of growth of the plant - 0.3-1.2% (wet weight). The accumulation of oil in the leaves has two maximum "peaks": at the height of flowering and during shedding of fruits.
The essential oil contains substances that make rosemary a great remedy for insomnia. Rosemary helps with gallbladder diseases, diabetes and nervous disorders. Rosemary essential oil has a softening effect and helps with respiratory ailments. Rosemary is effectively used in cosmetology - in particular, to increase hair density.
Decoctions, infusions and rosemary oil are used for impotence, treatment of colds, rheumatism, bronchial asthma, anemia, tonsillitis, gingivitis, stomatitis, pharyngitis, furunculosis, leucorrhoea, wounds and ulcers. If you have even a small rosemary bush at home, the air in the house or in the part of the garden where rosemary grows becomes fresh, pleasant, full of aroma and healthy.
What is it eaten with
As a seasoning, rosemary is best suited for meat dishes - to roast pork, lamb, rabbit meat. This seasoning can give the meat of domestic animals a game flavor. In traditional Greek cuisine, dry rosemary leaves are used to season poultry meat - stewed and fried chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese. In the Mediterranean tradition, dried or chopped fresh rosemary leaves are blended with parsley and ground with butter. This paste is placed in small pieces under the skin of the breast and legs of the poultry, after which the poultry is placed in the oven, saucepan or pan and cooked. In French cuisine, using rosemary, they give a unique taste to meat and chicken soups, as well as pea chowder. But when using rosemary, you cannot use bay leaves as a seasoning, and vice versa. These two spicy plants do not go together.
Where to plant rosemary
The more light you can provide to the rosemary, the more fragrant its leaves will be. Lack of light leads to a decrease in the essential oil in the leaves.
It is a thermophilic plant that is sensitive to low temperatures. Young bushes can freeze at a temperature of -5-7 ° C, and at -10 ° C the aerial part of the plant dies. Rosemary does not tolerate sudden changes in temperature. Rosemary hibernates at + 6-15 ° C.
This Mediterranean visitor is photophilous. When grown indoors, a pot of rosemary is placed by the south window; in a greenhouse, rosemary may need lighting.
Rosemary is drought-resistant, it should be watered in moderation: excessive watering will harm the plant.
But the soil should not be allowed to dry out either. Symptoms of a lack of moisture are yellowing of the leaves. If watering is excessive, the rosemary sheds its leaves. Stagnation of water at the roots is especially detrimental to rosemary - in this case, the plant dies. In winter, watering should be moderate but regular. With the onset of spring, watering should be gradually increased. If the summers are hot and the rosemary is in direct sunlight, water it a lot. Good drainage is essential. The air humidity should not be high.
This spice feels good in summer cottages, in open areas not shaded by trees. Rosemary and other herbs are sometimes planted in greenhouses with cucumbers or nightshade crops - the spices have a specific smell and repel many pests, including aphids. But in this case, it is important to provide the rosemary with enough light.
The best neighbors for rosemary are basil, thyme, laurel, dill, and parsley.
Growing rosemary
Rosemary is not picky about the soil. It can grow on almost any soil, but it feels good on loose and humus-rich soils. Acidic soils and damp areas are not suitable for growing rosemary.
Rosemary should be grown on dry, permeable soils: the soil should be slightly alkaline or neutral. If the soil is dry and sandy, add humus or peat to the soil.
Rosemary seedlings are planted in open ground in our latitudes at the end of May. The planting scheme is 50 x 50 or 60 x 60 cm. You can plant this plant with rooted layers.
In the fall, the soil of the site planned for planting rosemary,
dug over the entire length of the shovel bayonet and add about 5 kg of humus or compost per square meter. When planting (in late spring), it is recommended to place a handful of ash in each hole (you can replace it with a tablespoon of mineral fertilizers in each hole). Top dressing must be thoroughly mixed with the ground.
Each plant should be watered with warm water immediately after transplanting. Regular, daily watering with warm, settled water is needed until the bushes take root. Thereafter, watering the rosemary outdoors is recommended only in very hot weather.
Most often, summer residents root rosemary cuttings in a container, and at the end of May they transplant them into open ground. If growth is weak, it is recommended to feed the plants with organic matter 14-15 days after transplanting: a mullein diluted with water. You can fertilize with a complex mineral fertilizer. Further feeding can be done once or even twice a month.
You need to mulch the beds with rosemary with fine sand - preferably river sand. Mulching will increase soil temperature and protect against weeds. In addition, there must be good drainage in the area where the rosemary is grown.
By the way, when grown outdoors, rosemary does not get sick and is not affected by pests.
When growing rosemary, phosphate fertilizers are applied in the fall, and nitrogenous ones - in the spring. With this feeding schedule, you can grow a strong rhizome and healthy branches and leaves.
What about in winter?
Rosemary is a perennial plant. In the fall, some summer residents transplant rosemary bushes into flowerpots and take them to the house for the winter. But more often the plants are left to winter on the site. In this case, at the end of the growing season, rosemary is carefully covered with dry leaves. If the snow cover is high and the winter is not too harsh, the “Mediterranean visitor” will survive it without loss. In the spring, you need to prune the plants, forming bushes. In the same place, a rosemary bush can live for 10 or even more years.
Those rosemary bushes that are taken into the house for the winter are dug up along with a clod of earth and transplanted into boxes or flower pots.
Rosemary is also an excellent balcony plant: it is grown in containers.
Propagation of rosemary
Rosemary is propagated by seeds, cuttings and dividing the bush.
This plant forms seeds only in the climatic zone of the European south. Germination remains for 2-3 years, but it is low - about
50%. Rosemary germinates slowly, it is possible to wait for seedlings only a month after sowing the seeds.
Most often, rosemary is propagated by cuttings about 10 cm long, which are cut in the summer from annual growths. Young shoots of the old plant can be cut in the fall. The lower leaves are cut off from the cuttings and the lower end of the cuttings is immersed in a solution that stimulates the growth of the root system for the time indicated in the instructions for each specific preparation. Then they are planted in well-drained soil in containers or pots with a mixture of peat moss and finely crushed gravel. Periodically it is recommended to spray them with a spray bottle. Cuttings usually take root in two to three weeks. For better rooting of cuttings, the temperature in the room where the rosemary is located should be maintained at + 20-22 degrees for several days - this is the optimal temperature for the growth and development of this plant.
Cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or container every 7-10 cm in a row, leaving about 20-25 cm between rows. The lower end of the cutting is buried 5-6 cm into the soil. It is recommended to mulch the soil with peat.
Now on sale there are rosemary bushes, which are sold in supermarkets as fresh herbs. They are not only good for food. The tops of the plants can be used as a seasoning dry or fresh, and the cuttings are suitable for planting.
But it is most effective to start growing rosemary from a grown young plant, which can be found in the range of flower shops, or taken from a specialized garden center. The fact is that growing rosemary is not an easy task, and having acquired a grown plant, you will be insured against the fact that your rosemary will die.
Pruning rosemary
Pruning rosemary should be done in the spring, in April. The bush is pruned so that it grows more dense. When pruning, it is necessary to leave 3-4 internodes of the growth of the previous year. Rejuvenating pruning is necessary when the stems of an adult plant are exposed. Rejuvenating pruning is carried out every 5-7 years, cutting off the shoots near the ground. Pinching the plant is recommended for better branching.
Collect and save
Rosemary leaves are harvested as needed, and for harvesting for the future, branches are cut during flowering at a height of about 5 cm from the surface of the earth. In the first year of the life of a rosemary bush, it is better to limit yourself to one cut, in subsequent years you can spend 2-3 - before, during and after flowering.
Store rosemary in an airtight container or canvas bags.
- It is believed that the most fragrant leaves are harvested before flowering, or rather before the buds appear on the bush. The largest amount of essential oils is contained in the leaves that grow on the upper third of the branches. They are the youngest and most tender.
- For storage, it is better to dry rosemary leaves in the fresh air, in the shade - it is not recommended to use either a microwave or an oven. Only if the leaves have dried naturally will they retain their unique aroma, slightly giving off camphor, and that bitter-spicy aftertaste, for which this seasoning is appreciated by gourmets.
- Leaves should be brittle when dried correctly, with the top side convex and the bottom concave. The color of dry rosemary leaves should be grayish-green, darker on top than on the inside.
- Fresh rosemary leaves, when used as a spice, should be small - about 3.5 x 0.4 cm, with curled edges, silvery whitish underneath.
ROSEMARY READERS RECIPES
DIY rosemary oil
A few sprigs of rosemary are placed in a bottle, poured into it with extra virgin olive oil. Insist on the sun for about six weeks. Then the product is filtered and poured into a dark bottle. Rosemary oil can be used as a massage oil. Inside, rosemary oil is not recommended to be consumed in a pure, undiluted form. This can irritate the stomach lining and disrupt bowel and kidney function.
DIY rosemary wine
Several sprigs of fresh rosemary are placed in a bottle of dry white wine. Close with a lid and leave for 10 days in a cool place. After that, the wine is poured into a dark glass bottle. For general strengthening purposes, you can drink 100 g per day in small sips.
DIY rosemary tea
A teaspoon of dry leaves is insisted for 20 minutes in a glass of boiling water. This tea (a glass a day) is an excellent tonic for weakness after the flu or SARS. As a remedy for depression, rosemary is supplemented with lemon balm, St. John's wort and blueberry leaves in equal parts. A tablespoon of a mixture of herbs should also be poured with a glass of boiling water, infused for 20 minutes and filtered. You can drink instead of tea with chocolate - also a well-known antidepressant.
Medicinal rosemary, or ordinary (Rosmarinus officinalis) - benefits and harms, use and contraindications
Growing
For the winter, it is better to transplant it into a pot and take it to the house.
It grows well on calcareous soils, loose and light in texture. Heavy, overly fertilized, acidic and very wet are not suitable.
Regular moderate watering is required.
You can feed (no more than once a month) with an aqueous infusion of mullein (5: 1), complex mineral fertilizers (according to the instructions). Especially picky about phosphorus and nitrogen.
Once every 6 years, the plant is rejuvenated by cutting it into a stump.
Rosemary applications
Herbal tea for migraine attacks. Mix 6 tablespoons. rosemary leaves, 4 tablespoons each peppermint and lemon balm, 3 tbsp. tricolor violet herbs. 1 tbsp brew the mixture like tea. Drink with breakfast. Tea has a vasodilating, stimulating, refreshing, invigorating effect and helps to increase blood circulation.
In case of kidney stones (especially with an alkaline urine reaction), mix 2 tablespoons each. wild strawberry leaves, medicinal rosemary, lingonberry, field horsetail, caraway seeds and common juniper. 1 tbsp collection, pour a glass of cold water, leave for 6 hours. Then boil for 15 minutes, cool, strain and drink 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 14-20 days.
: Rosemary - planting and care ...: How to determine what plants do not ...
Rosemary is one of the most exotic plants. However, despite the origin, it is quite easy to grow it in your suburban area. This plant is distinguished by its peculiar leaves, which outwardly resemble coniferous needles. In addition, rosemary is well known to everyone due to its aromatic and healing properties.
This spice is part of many Provencal herbs that are widely used in cooking today. In addition, rosemary is very often used in cosmetology, and in some cases even in traditional medicine.
If we talk about planting and caring for rosemary in the open field, then today the plant is grown by many gardeners in the central part of Russia.
Spreading
Most often, rosemary can be found in North America, Turkey, as well as in southern parts of Europe and Cyprus. In 1813, this unusual plant was first planted in the Crimea, or rather in the botanical garden. For a long time on the peninsula, essential oils were made from it, which had healing properties and an unusual aroma.
Today, the care and planting of rosemary in the middle zone of the Russian Federation does not cause difficulties. Although the plant likes the Mediterranean climate more, it tolerates Russian winters well. The main thing is to plant the seeds correctly.
Leaving and planting rosemary outdoors in the Urals is also not a problem. The fact is that very dry winters prevail in this region. Such conditions are considered favorable for a given plant.
Description
Rosemary refers to an evergreen shrub with needle-like leaves that look very much like ordinary spruce needles. During flowering, light lilac, white or pink buds appear on the bush.
The leaves of the plant are covered with a dark green edging (as shown in the photo). Outdoor care and planting of rosemary have their own characteristics. In our climate, on average, it grows up to 50-100 cm. However, there have been cases when gardeners have grown this flower up to one and a half meters high. In warm climates, the plant can even turn into a small tree. Of course, it grows best in the Mediterranean.
Beneficial features
Before studying the peculiarities of the care and planting of rosemary in the open field in the Moscow region and other regions of the central part of Russia, you should pay attention to the characteristics of the plant.
As you know, the spice emits a huge amount of essential oils, the aroma of which allows you to disinfect the air in the room. In ancient times, it was believed that this plant is able to fight bad. In addition, rosemary has anti-inflammatory properties. It also helps to quickly draw out pus.
This plant contains a huge amount of folate. Women will best understand these unusual properties of rosemary, as folic acid is known to have anti-aging effects. In addition, pregnant women need it. The fact is that folic acid helps prevent the formation of defects in the fetal neural tube, due to which DNA synthesis is carried out.
The plant contains vitamin A. Rosemary contains much more of it than carrots. In addition, it contains about 40% of the daily value of vitamin C. This means that rosemary is much healthier than kale or even lemons. It contains magnesium, potassium, copper, manganese, calcium, and iron. The last component allows you to get rid of anemia. He also takes an active part in the formation of hemoglobin in the blood. Potassium is necessary for a person to control the work of the heart. Magnesium has an antioxidant effect.
That is why the care and planting of rosemary in the open field is done not only in order to get an unusual seasoning, but also for health improvement.
If a person eats foods that contain this spice, he will notice that his digestive system has improved significantly. In folk medicine, rosemary is often recommended for hypotensive patients, as this plant helps to increase blood pressure. In addition, it relieves tension and stress. It will also be useful for a growing body, since the spice helps to significantly improve memory, cerebral circulation and vision. If you cook it with lavender, the effect is enhanced.
Men will also be interested in this plant. The fact is that annual shoots of rosemary are very often used in folk medicine in the treatment of impotence, stomach cramps, rheumatism and other diseases, from which a strong half of humanity often suffers. Of course, do not forget about the amazing taste characteristics of the spice, which is why it is very often used as a seasoning in the preparation of vegetable soups, meat, fried, fish, poultry and much more. Rosemary is also added to marinades.
Varieties
Today this plant has become widespread in the territory of the Russian Federation. However, not every rosemary variety is suitable for growing in our difficult weather conditions.
For those who want to independently plant and care for rosemary in the open field, it is recommended to pay attention to 2 types of this plant: medicinal and prostrate. These varieties take root well in the climatic conditions of the central part of the country and regions where winters are not characterized by high humidity.
Most often, gardeners prefer the widespread variety, which also falls into several categories. Among them, the most popular are lavender, creeping and Corsican open rosemary. This plant can only grow up to 50-60 cm, but this is enough to get this wonderful and healthy seasoning in your suburban area or in your apartment.
What the plant is sick with
If you take care of the care and planting of rosemary in the open field, gardeners' reviews will be very useful. According to the opinion of experienced gardeners, the spice can only suffer greatly from improper conditions of detention. However, there are several signs to watch out for.
For example, if white spots have formed on the foliage, then this indicates that the spice is too moisturized, respectively, you need to water it a little less. If rosemary suffers from excess moisture, it will also have a less intense aroma. In this case, it is worth reducing the amount of water for irrigation.
Of the pests, it is most often attacked by a spider mite. To prevent its appearance, it is worth constantly humidifying the air near the plant. To do this, it is enough just to periodically spray its foliage. If the mite has already settled on spices, then you can get rid of it only with the help of chemicals.
Before treating the spice with aggressive preparations, it is worth covering the ground with polyethylene or other material, in this case, dangerous poisons will not be able to penetrate into the soil and infect the root system.
Features of growing in the garden
Since in the territory of the Russian Federation today, spring frosts are not distinguished by increased aggressiveness, rosemary grows much better, but it should be borne in mind that the cold is destructive for it. That is why experts recommend not planting it too early in open ground.
The soil for rosemary should be loose enough and contain a lot of limestone. It is also recommended to plant plants in places where there is least wind. Do not forget that rosemary loves most of all the climatic conditions of the Mediterranean. This means that acidic and too moist soil will not work for him.
If the plant is in a too shaded place, then the content of essential oil in its leaves will be significantly reduced, but if this is not a fundamental problem, then you can plant it anywhere.
Rosemary grows best in these conditions as these conditions are sufficient for its well-being.
Germinating seeds
First of all, the rosemary seeds must be soaked by placing them between 2 cotton pads and dampening with water. After that, it is enough to wait 2-4 days.
Next, the soil is prepared. To do this, you need to mix leafy soil, peat and sand (or purchase ready-made soil for seedlings). This composition must be poured into a prepared container and spilled with water. After that, you need to spread the seeds on the ground and sprinkle them with soil a little. It is best to put a piece of transparent cellophane on top and remove the blank in a warm place.
As soon as the first shoots appear, you can transfer the pots to the windowsill.
Landing in open ground
Given the weather conditions in Russia, it is recommended to plant rosemary in mid-May or when the first warm days come.
However, it is best to think things through in advance. To do this, you need to prepare the ground for the care and planting of rosemary outdoors in the fall. Before winter, you need to loosen it and fertilize it abundantly with humus.
After planting in open ground, the plant must be watered as the soil dries.
How does it endure wintering
By mid-October, the air temperature drops to zero. During this period, it is recommended to transfer the plant to the house. At +5 degrees, rosemary will feel great. However, for this, the plant must be very carefully dug out without damaging the delicate root system.
For convenience, rosemary is usually planted in large pots that are buried in the ground in a suburban area. Thanks to this, it is much more convenient to transfer the plant to winter.
In custody
Rosemary is an amazing plant that can be safely grown in the middle lane in most regions of Russia. The main thing is to properly care for the spice and take it home in a timely manner.
Many summer residents, having watched the culinary programs, are interested in such a plant as rosemary, and now they are deciding how to grow it in the open field. After all, this spice is so cool to add to meat dishes. We needed to grow this plant to repel mosquitoes, and frankly, we did not make friends with him right away.
Rosemary: how to grow outdoors and how to propagate a plant
This piquant greenery has been used in cooking since antiquity, its taste and aroma are quite complex, and at the same time resembles camphor laurel, eucalyptus, pine and lemon. The taste is kind of sweet and slightly spicy.
Description of the plant
Rosemary officinalis (Rosmarinus officinalis) or common rosemary, more commonly known simply as rosemary, is a shrub with fragrant evergreen leaves and white, purple, purple or blue blossoms. 
Rosemary grows in northern Africa and southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Greece, southern France). It belongs to the Labiate family, which also includes many other grasses, shrubs, shrubs, lianas and small trees. "Rosemary" literally translates as "sea dew". The plant is quite consistent with its name, since in many places it has enough moisture in the sea breeze to survive.
Rosemary: types and varieties
In the Mediterranean, the plant grows well in open ground without shelter, therefore it is also called "garden rosemary". It usually has erect twigs, but there are 2 popular varieties - creeping or prostrate (Prostrate - with thin bright green creeping leaves) and lavender (a small shrub with bright purple inflorescences). There are many varieties on sale now:
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Growing rosemary
Rosemary is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant, easy to grow, pest resistant. It grows to a large size without pruning, retaining its attractiveness over the years. It can be used for the device of low hedges, curly shearing of bushes. Easy to grow as a container crop.
Rosemary grows in loose, well-drained loamy soils, mostly in an open, sunny location. Prefers moderately fertile soils (pH 7-7.8).
How to grow rosemary from a twig
Can be propagated using shoots. Separate a young 10-15 cm shoot from the plant, tear off a couple of lower leaves and plant it directly in the soil.
This is how we propagated the purchased bush to insure ourselves with the winter. After all, only in the third year was it possible to "tame" him at the dacha. The first year he was planted in the garden and he may have got under the gutter from the roof. The second year, without multiplying, they dragged into the house for the winter, and suddenly it dried up, poor thing. The cause of the death was never established. Miraculously preserved his posthumous photo, they barely found: 
The third copy was drafted, planted in different places to protect it from mosquitoes, and one was brought back into the house for the winter. Before wintering, the bushes were cut off lower and covered with pots with a double layer of lutrasil pounded. The bushes wintered well both in the open field with a shelter, and on the windowsill. But the past winter was not cold at all, even one experimental bush did well without shelter. So now we figured out how to grow rosemary outdoors.
Cuttings also give roots in water, just before immersion in water, you need to weather the wounds for a couple of hours: 
Winter garden rosemary care
In warmer regions of the country, especially along the southern Black Sea coast, garden rosemary can remain outdoors in the garden throughout the winter season as it can withstand temperatures as low as minus 8 ° C. However, in other parts of the country, the plant will freeze easily, especially if the low temperatures persist for more than 3-4 days. Therefore, the pots of rosemary should be cleaned indoors - in a light and cool room.
In general, garden rosemary is drought tolerant, but not when grown in a flowerpot. The roots of the plant are limited by a small amount of soil and cannot get enough water, as in the garden. Therefore, it requires more watering.
One of the most important conditions for a garden rosemary to survive in winter is to ensure good drainage of the soil. Watering should be done when the soil on the surface is slightly dry. It is believed that you need to water the plant when the soil is already dry at a depth of 0.5 cm. It is important to observe the watering regime.
For the plant, excessive watering is also detrimental when the water stagnates - this can lead to rapid rotting of the roots, which will lead to its death.
Use in traditional medicine
Traditionally, rosemary is used in folk medicine to improve memory, relieve muscle pain and spasms, stimulate hair growth, and support the normal functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Used as an abortive (miscarriage), diuretic, treatment of indigestion. However, almost none of these medicinal properties of the plant have been confirmed by scientific research in humans. However, one study found that long-term regular intake of rosemary prevented blood clots.
Laboratory studies confirm the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rosemary. 
Rosemary in cooking
The leaves are used in traditional Mediterranean cuisine. They are very aromatic and have a bitter, astringent taste. Add to minced meat, fillings, salads, soups, sauces, marinades, lamb, pork, chicken and turkey dishes.
When the leaves burn, they give off a pungent mustard smell, similar to burning pine, so a sprig of rosemary is thrown over the coals to flavor barbecue dishes. Surely, and in a cocktail, he will be good.
So everyone living north of Crimea who is interested in how to grow rosemary in the open field, we recommend cutting it off for the winter and covering it. And for insurance, take a couple of twigs with cuttings to the house for wintering on a sunny windowsill. What experience do you have in growing this exotic?
The origin of this genus of plants, which are members of the Lamiaceae (Lipoceae) family, is attributed to the Ancient Mediterranean.
The genus spread right on the seashores, requiring moderate moisture, as well as bright light. To date, about 5 species have been studied, the most popular and familiar, of which - ordinary rosemary, or medicinal.
Scientists have two views on the origin of the name:
- Greek "Low balsamic bush".
- Lat. "Seaside dew".
The metaphor of the second option is closer to the truth, since according to the testimony of the Greeks, rosemary grew directly from the puddles formed by the waves washed ashore.
External signs of a bush:
- Evergreen, oblong, needle-like foliage.
- Delicate blue, white or pink flowers.
- Strong scent that attracts humans but repels pests.
- The maximum height of the bush is about 2 m.
Ideal conditions for rosemary
The formation of so many useful characteristics presupposes the observance of many conditions. Rosemary is whimsical and meticulous. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the process of its development from the first to the last stage.
Factors that have a positive effect on the shrub:
- A source of abundant natural warmth and light (sunlight).
- Loose dryish soil.
- The air is moderately humid.
- Periodic watering.
A negative effect on perennials is exerted by:
- Wind.
- Shadow.
- Excessive moisture.
- Acidic environment (soil).
- Frost below 10 ° C.
How to properly land in the open field
Planting in the open ground is carried out either with the participation of plant seeds or prepared seedlings.
Pre-grown rosemary seedlings, planted at a depth of 0.5 cm without tamping the soil, can be planted in May: early or middle. It is advisable to sprinkle the bush with loose earth on top.
1. Timing for boarding
Frosts can destroy perennials, so it is advisable to grow seedlings at the end of winter - February or March are perfect. A month later, transplant into pots. When the frost has passed, the plants are ready to be in the open.
2. Site selection and soil preparation
Ideally, moderately moist, loose soil has the following composition:
- Sand.
- Sod, deciduous land.
- Humus.
The ratio of these elements is 1: 4: 2.
3. The process of planting in open ground
Carefully prepared soil should be moderately moistened; plant seeds (or seedlings) of a plant at a depth of 3 to 4 centimeters. Place some loose soil on top. Good aeration is the key to successful results.
Plant care
1. Pruning
Major pruning of bushes is done every 7-8 years (along the level of the soil surface). This gives new shoots a chance to extend the lifespan of the rosemary.
Formative (cosmetic) pruning is done when the first months of spring are approaching. It is important not to overdo it with the decoration of the bushes: the shoots may not have time to resume before the end of the season, that is, they will be forced to die.
2. Top dressing
The most common fertilizers for rosemary are:
- Mullein solution (proportion - 1/5).
- Mineral or organic fertilizing containing phosphorus (for autumn), nitrogen (for spring).
The optimal frequency is 1-2 times a month, and the best time is March-September.
3. Watering
An important nuance of caring for a fragrant perennial is the observance of moderate soil moisture, which has become its habitat. If weather conditions portend heavy rainfall, additional watering is not required. The summer period requires an increase in the proportion of water.
If you overdo it with watering, the rosemary will turn yellow quickly enough. After each watering (or rain), it is recommended to loosen the soil.
4. Loosening and weeding
These processes are essential when caring for a rosemary bush. Loosening promotes the growth of perennials; Weed control ensures that the roots have enough minerals.
5. How to cover
The climate of the Moscow region forces them to cover the rosemary for the winter, or to cut the bush and transplant it into a pot, keeping it under home heat conditions, since frosts below 10 ° C can destroy the bushes. However, the winter coolness is necessary for the plant, otherwise it will not bloom.
You need to immediately decide: the shrub will serve one season or longer. If the second option is more to your liking, you should transplant the plant: let it winter in the house.
Winter shelter involves the use of such elements:
- Sawdust.
- Dry foliage.
6. Harvesting
Harvesting is advisable when the plant is in bloom. This period is famous for the fact that by this time the perennial manages to accumulate the maximum amount of essential oils.
The most valuable product is the leaves of ordinary rosemary (medicinal). Cooking uses both fragrant fresh twigs and dried leaves curled like a tube.
The graceful tops are suitable for serving dishes as decoration, the rest of the sheets are dried in the shade. Even dried and crushed leaves can retain an incomparable smell for several years; to extend this period, it is advised to store the seasoning in carefully sealed glass containers.
Rosemary flavor palette:
- Camphor.
- Ether.
- Pine.
- Lemon.
Eating foods prepared with the participation of a perennial can tone and calm a person, stimulate the cerebral circulation system, and strengthen memory. Sources of benefits include essential oils, resins, and camphor.
Other positive effects of the chemical composition of the plant:
- Antispasmodic.
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Diuretic.
- Expectorant.
That is why teas, decoctions, infusions made on the basis of rosemary leaves are very popular.
7. Diseases and pests
Rosemary is renowned for its resistance to all kinds of diseases. In addition, its strong smell scares away animals, including rodents and other pests. The main enemies of the perennial are wind and shade, so the gardener needs to focus on them.
Breeding types
Shrub propagation methods:
- Seeds.
- Layers.
- Cuttings.
- Vegetative division.
The most common way is the first of these. Rosemary seeds are pre-soaked and planted shallowly in moderately damp soil.
The distance between future bushes depends on the volume expected by the gardener, on average it is a 10 cm distance. The seeds are ready to grow under the temperature range of + 12-22 ° C. Particularly fertile soil for such sowing is a mixture of gravel and peat (equal proportion).
To propagate the plant by cuttings, you need to separate fresh shoots at the end of June (length - about 8 centimeters; the presence of at least three internodes).
Next, you should place them among the prepared soil at a depth of 6 centimeters; the distance between them should be more than 10 cm, and the desired landing angle should be about 45 °. young shoots tend to quickly build up the root system, so this method is especially effective.