How to choose a septic tank for a private house: what are the types, principles of work. Which septic tank to choose for a private house and summer cottage with permanent residence Septic tanks for a private house which is better

Owners of private houses often face the problem of wastewater disposal due to the lack of a centralized sewage system outside the city. For a long time, the only way out was to dig a cesspool, but using it is quite inconvenient and costly. Now they are mainly trying to mount an autonomous wastewater treatment unit - septic tanks for summer cottages, but still which septic tank is better to choose for specific conditions often remains a difficult question.

Together with the technical specialists of the EcoDom company, in this article we will analyze in detail the question of which septic tank is right for you and discuss the best options based on the tasks that it must solve.

A cesspool or storage septic tank will have to be cleaned regularly

What are septic tanks, and what they are

Some people mistakenly call a septic tank a complete set of treatment equipment. In fact, this is only a part of the treatment plant that acts as a storage and primary filter for wastewater containing a large amount of biomaterials that require disposal.

There are quite a few varieties of septic tanks, and each of them has its own pros and cons. Therefore, before purchasing, you need to take into account what kind of soil the country house is on, the amount of water consumed and, of course, the budget that can be allocated for the purchase and installation.

Video description

Briefly about septic tanks in the video:

Also, at the initial stage, it is necessary to decide on the type of device - to purchase a non-volatile septic tank or in which a forced supply of drains is organized (volatile). The former are, by and large, ordinary tanks for surface (within 60%) mechanical wastewater treatment, and the latter are equipped with a pump and a set of additional filters, after which industrial water is obtained at the outlet, purified by 95-98%.

Septic tanks with a full cleaning cycle and a storage well for industrial water

It is possible to decide correctly which septic tank to choose - for year-round living or capable of working effectively even with periodic flows of drains, you can independently, since there is enough information. Many turn to the help of the Internet for such requests as the rating of septic tanks for a country house in 2017, to get acquainted with the various ratings of septic tanks. But if there are doubts about the correctness of the choice, then the best option would be to turn to professionals. They will take into account all the nuances and select the appropriate option, tailored to the solution of specific tasks.

Cleaning steps

Wastewater goes through several stages of purification in a septic tank:

Accumulation and settling stage. This stage consists in collecting waste in a special container, where they are separated into fractions, by settling at a temperature of about 20 degrees. Solid particles in the form of a sediment fall to the bottom, fatty deposits float to the surface, and vapors (carbon dioxide and methane) are discharged through the ventilation to the outside. At this stage, there is a partial stratification of wastewater, which is then sent to the next tank;

Secondary filtration stage. Its goal is to cleanse the mixture to about 75%. At this stage, the solution is purified using a separate filter consisting of a sorbent layer of about 20 centimeters. In some septic tanks, for correct operation, the sorbent has to be flushed and reactivated annually;

Stages of wastewater treatment in septic tanks

Solid deposits that have settled in the containers are pumped out or removed mechanically.

Operating principle

Technically, two types of waste disposal are used: anaerobic (without air access) and aerobic (decomposition with the participation of bacteria, which need oxygen for life).

The anaerobic mechanism of action is possessed by septic tanks, which perform the functions of a storage or settling tank. Such purification systems, without the installation of additional equipment, carry out only the primary clarification of wastewater and require their frequent pumping out by a sewage machine.

Important! According to sanitary standards, the discharge of liquid from anaerobic septic tanks into the soil is prohibited.

This option is suitable for rarely visited summer cottages or private houses with a small number of residents. The cost of such a structure is low, the installation does not require much effort, and its operation does not require a constant flow of wastewater into the chambers.

How an anaerobic septic tank works

Often, colonies of active bacteria are added to such septic tanks, which help to filter wastewater better than with conventional anaerobic purification.

The aerobic mechanism of action is carried out by local biological treatment stations. Colonies of aerobic bacteria settle in such septic tanks, which effectively purify wastewater.

Unlike anaerobic crops, they multiply rapidly, have a wide variety of species, and are also more tenacious and active. Recycling is much faster and the outlet water is practically non-toxic.

For the normal functioning of these septic tanks, the installation of aerators is required, which will supply the oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. Also, the aerobic systems must constantly work - if within 2-3 weeks there is no new effluent entering the chamber, the bacteria will die and their cultures will have to be planted again.

Obviously, the best septic tank for a country house is an aerobic one. But it all depends on the budget, since this type of treatment plant is more expensive.

Scheme of aerobic septic tank operation

What materials are septic tanks made of

An important aspect when buying a septic tank is the choice of the material from which it is made. Most often, when ordering a ready-made septic tank, it is made from polymer materials.

In addition, the following materials are used for the manufacture of a local cleaning system:

Metal constructions. They are rarely used due to susceptibility to corrosion, general impracticality and inconvenience of use;

Concrete. Monolithic structures are used as reservoirs. This option requires a lot of money and time; It is mainly used in the construction of septic tanks with your own hands;

Fiberglass structures are the most suitable and frequently used material.

Also, septic tanks can be made from scrap materials (barrels, tires) on their own, but this option is only suitable for small country houses.

Homemade small septic tanks for summer cottages - made of tires and concrete rings

You can save money on the purchase of a purification plant by placing an order at the manufacturing plant. The most expensive on the market are septic tanks with additional equipment for complete biological wastewater treatment.

Volatile and non-volatile septic tanks

According to the degree of their autonomy, the purification systems are divided into:

Non-volatile (autonomous) septic tanks are sedimentation tanks for the accumulation and clarification of wastewater. Such installations require periodic pumping of waste by a sewage machine. They have a low degree of purification and require additional soil filtration, for which it is necessary to allocate a piece of land. The positive aspects include low cost and independence from electricity;

Volatile septic tanks are the exact opposite of non-volatile structures. Thanks to the design and additional equipment, wastewater in such systems undergoes a full cycle of processing and purification, which eliminates the need for maintenance. The disadvantages include the cost of installation, as well as dependence on electricity. During the absence of power supply, the degree of purification of sewage water decreases, and the septic tank serves as a sump.

A pump and aerator are essential components of a volatile septic tank.

Criteria for choosing a purification system for a country house

Before choosing a suitable septic tank, the following aspects must be considered:

The number of people living in the house - the power of the entire device depends on this;

The material from which the septic tank is made - determines its durability and resistance to aggressive influences;

The relief of the area where the installation of the structure will be carried out and the height of the groundwater;

The complexity of the installation of a sewage treatment system - in terms of installation cost, septic tanks with a filtration field are in the lead, and biological treatment stations are most profitable in this regard - their capacity just needs to be buried in the ground;

Own budget.

On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in septic tanks and autonomous sewers for country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.

Video description

About septic tanks without pumping out on video:

Popular factory-assembled septic tanks

To make it easier to decide on a suitable device, the following is an overview of septic tanks for a country house:

Sprout mini

A simple and reliable option for private houses. The capacity of about 200 liters per day is enough for the stable operation of the sewage system when two people live in the house.

Septic tank "Rostok-Mini" in the context

It is completely made of polymer material without the use of metal inserts and has a capacity of 1000 liters. The one-piece construction of the purification system allows for complete tightness. Installation of this model of a septic tank will not cause difficulties, since it weighs less than 3 kilograms and has the shape of a cylinder. This design prevents groundwater from pushing it out of the soil while pumping out the contents. As for the cost, it is about 25,000 rubles;

Aster

This model of the purification system is very popular in the Russian market. It can be attributed to the premium types of septic tanks. Such structures are made of polymer materials and have good performance indicators, since the throughput is 1 cubic meter per day. Astra performs high-level wastewater treatment, thanks to the presence of anaerobic and aerobic filters. The option is designed for country houses, where no more than 5 people live. The disadvantages of such a purification system include its cost, which reaches about 80,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Astra"

Bioxy

It is a high-quality non-volatile septic tank made of polymer materials, which is quite popular among domestic buyers. It possesses performance and throughput indicators similar to the Astra model. This purification system is equipped with a compressor that ensures the movement of wastewater through the system, as well as a special pump unit that flushes the channels in an automatic mode. The disadvantages include frequent failure of additional equipment. The purchase price of such a septic tank is about 90,000 rubles;

Installation of septic tank "Bioxy"

This cleaning system is designed for servicing no more than 4 people. It is made of polymeric sheet materials. With an average performance, it is able to pass through itself about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This septic tank has a four-chamber structure, which gives it a high degree of filtration. Installation is carried out in places where the groundwater level is at around 2 meters and deeper. However, the range allows you to choose the right option for any area. The combination of price and quality allows the BCS sewerage system to compete with other models on the market. Its cost is 20,000 rubles;

The scheme of the septic tank "DKS"

Leader

The septic tank has a compact size, stable and reliable design. The body is made of special polyethylene. A high degree of wastewater treatment is achieved thanks to the four chamber structure, each of which undergoes a certain processing process. A wide range of models allows you to serve 2-16 people daily, depending on the design. This septic tank requires cleaning the system once a year. The throughput capacity is 400-3000 liters per day, and the productivity is 0.2-3.6 cubic meters / day, it all depends on the chosen model. Cost - from 75,000 - 200,000 rubles;

Delivery of septic tank "Leader"

Tank

This septic tank is endowed with a specific appearance, and its outer shell has a ribbed structure, which contributes to better fixation in the soil after installing a country septic tank. The "Tank" type sewage treatment system is a three-chamber system of blocks and modules. Such a station does not need to pump out waste with a sewage machine, as it is completely autonomous. Due to its low cost and long service life, the septic tank is in great demand. The installation of the system is done manually and does not require pouring the foundation of the excavation with concrete. Designed for both seasonal use in summer cottages and permanent operation of country houses. Price - 40-80 thousand rubles;

The septic tank "Tank" has a specific recognizable shape

Tver

It is made of durable polymeric materials, which allows to reduce the weight of the entire structure, and stiffeners add reliability to it. A feature of this septic tank is the horizontal position of the tanks. The device has a high degree of wastewater treatment and is equipped with additional equipment that requires an electrical connection. Doesn't need constant care. Such a septic tank is suitable for any type of soil. Disadvantages include high cost and dependence on electricity. The price is 70,000 - 140,000 rubles;

Installed septic tank "Tver"

Topas

One of the leaders in the market of cleaning systems from the EcoDom company. It is distinguished by a high degree of purification (98%) due to a special four-chamber design, as well as the use of microorganism colonies as filters. The septic tank has compact dimensions and a rectangular body, which makes it easy to install. Installation can be carried out in any type of soil. The structure does not require frequent maintenance and waste pumping with a sewage machine. The range of models is wide and can satisfy the needs of both country houses and summer cottages and large enterprises. The cost is 80,000 - 300,000 rubles;

What is needed for the installation of a septic tank "Topas"

Poplar

In the manufacture, polymer materials are used that are resistant to temperature changes. Septic tanks of this type have a long service life, high productivity and throughput (up to 3300 liters per day). The capacity of the system reservoirs is up to 5200 liters. The disadvantage of such installations is dependence on electricity. Suitable for use in large country houses and industrial buildings. The price for the Topol septic tank is 70,000 - 170,000 rubles;

Two-unit septic tank "Topol"

Triton

It is made of a double layer of polymer material that is not susceptible to corrosion and decay products. This septic tank has a wide range of models. It is distinguished by a long service life, a high degree of sewage treatment and low cost. Requires cleaning every 1-2 years. Disadvantages: Requires installation of additional equipment and frequent replacement of filters. Ideal for a small holiday home. Prices vary depending on the model: 30,000 - 85,000 rubles;

Three-chamber septic tank "Triton"

Ecoline

Made of special durable polyethylene. Septic tanks of this type have a high efficiency of wastewater treatment. The volume of the models can vary from 1500 to 4800 liters. Suitable for seasonal use by a small group of people and permanent residence in a country house. It has a reliable and durable cylindrical design. Such a cleaning system consists of 2-3 chambers. The lineup is represented by designs with different performance and throughput, which allows you to choose the right option for any need. Ecoline costs 55,000 rubles;

Double-hull septic tank "Ecoline"

Elgad C 1400

The best mini model, ideal for seasonal use in summer cottages. It has a compact size and sturdy design. The capacity of this sewerage system is 1400 liters. This septic tank is designed for service up to 3 people. The body is made of polymer material, and its inner part is coated with a layer of anti-corrosion agent. Despite the tightness and integrity of the structure, such a cleaning system does not retain unpleasant odors well. The cost is about 35,000 rubles.

Septic tank "Elgad S 1400" and its modifications

This is not a complete rating of septic tanks for home - there are still quite a few models of such devices, both domestic and foreign, but in general their design, principle of operation and price do not differ from those listed.

Video description

A few more words about the choice of a septic tank in the video:

Conclusion

Depending on the budget, you can make a purification system yourself from available tools, or order a ready-made version from sales representatives or the manufacturer. The option of studying the ratings of the best septic tanks for a country house is not always the right choice, since you need to take into account all the features of your site and the requirements for it.

A properly selected and correctly installed septic tank will create the conditions necessary for a comfortable stay in a country house.

Septic tank for a private house how to choose

In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewage main, the owners of country houses have to take care of the arrangement of local waste treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decided to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about which device is better to choose.

Types of septic tanks

The main classification of systems for the disposal of sewage from a private house is based on the principle of operation.

Storage tanks are the simplest option. They are sealed tanks. Sewage enters and accumulates in these containers, which must be pumped out, periodically calling the sewer truck.

Storage tanks for sewerage

Septic tank with post-treatment

Biological wastewater treatment

Compressor for septic tank HIBLOW HP-150

Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.

There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.

Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use

What should be considered when choosing a waste disposal device?

Before buying a septic tank, you need to answer a few questions.

How many people will live in the house, what sanitary equipment will be installed? These factors determine the performance and volume of the septic tank.
What are the features of the soil?
What is the planned budget?
Is it possible to connect to electricity?
Can you make a septic tank yourself or do you prefer to buy a ready-made device?

How many people will live in the house

This parameter affects performance. To determine it, you need to multiply the number of inhabitants by 200 liters, because that is how much wastewater per day, according to the standard, is formed by one person.

Wastewaters stay in treatment plants for about three days. Therefore, the productivity must be tripled in order to obtain the required volume of the station. It is also necessary to take into account the possibility of the arrival of guests, as well as decide whether the house will have such sanitary equipment as a bath, a dishwasher and a washing machine.

The number of residents affects the type of building chosen and the design features.

If the house is planned to live in a small family only in the summer, then the drive will be enough. To service a house with year-round living, it is worth choosing a cleaning station.

The number of users determines the number of septic tanks with soil filtration. So, for a house in which 3 people will live, a single-chamber septic tank is enough. If more than 1 but less than 10 m3 of wastewater will be generated per day, then it is recommended to install a device from two tanks.

Aeration stations work best with large volumes.

Features of natural conditions

The depth of passage of the primer and the type of soil determine whether it is possible to equip a stage of soil filtration, which will work effectively only on sandy loam and sand and low GWL.

Groundwater table

It is possible to install additional treatment on loam and clay, but these works will require a lot of time, money and physical costs.

The design features of septic tanks depend on the depth of soil freezing. The large mouth allows the device to be recessed. Among the finished products, there are options for installation in soil with a deep-lying point of zero temperatures.

Septic tank with sealed chambers

If you need to install a drive on highly freezing soils, then you should give preference to vertical containers. But in areas with a nearby primer, it is better to mount horizontal storage tanks.

Installation diagram of a vertical septic tank

With a significant amount of wastewater and unsuitable natural conditions, it is better to choose a biological treatment station. True, their cost will be higher.

The cost of installing a local sewage system

The amount of money that the owner of the house can allocate for the arrangement of the sewer system remains one of the main parameters for choosing a septic tank.

The most expensive are ready-made plastic treatment devices, especially those in which aeration wastewater treatment is carried out. There are models produced in Russia and have proven themselves among users: "Topas", "Astra". You can also purchase European septic tanks, for example, Uponor. On average, biological treatment stations cost 80-100 thousand rubles.

If natural conditions allow, then you can opt for ready-made septic tanks with soil post-treatment. Among such devices, the most popular are the Tank treatment plants, which cost about 35-50 thousand rubles, excluding the additional stage. An oxygen-free septic tank can also be equipped from scrap materials, for example, from eurocubes, especially if you purchase used containers, which cost about 4-5 thousand rubles.

Septic tank design from eurocubes

The cheapest option is storage tanks.

The price of the finished product is also influenced by what it is made of.

Concrete rings are a traditional and inexpensive material for septic tanks. But to install them, you need to hire lifting equipment, which is not cheap.
Ready-made plastic septic tanks are also often used, they are more expensive, but they can be released into the pit by 1-2 people. In addition, you can make a tank from a thick-walled large-diameter pipe or use eurocubes.

Note! Plastic products float under groundwater pressure, so they must be installed on a concrete base to which the container should be attached.

Septic tank for a private house how to choose
Find out how to choose a septic tank for a private home. Types of septic tanks, performance and other characteristics of the treatment plant, site parameters. Photo

To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any troubles. With the permanent residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drainage pit simply will not cope with the task at hand and it will need an assistant, which a septic tank can become.

What is a septic tank

Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments in that there is no central sewerage system and the use of a special device will be required to remove domestic water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. The biological treatment function is available for some models, but they cannot be ranked as full-fledged treatment facilities.

What is it needed for

Owners of country houses, when arranging sewerage systems, must ensure that sewage is cleaned taking into account sanitary standards and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a sump, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the room. He allows impurities to pass through himself, not allowing them to penetrate the soil. Before you make a septic tank in a private house, you should understand its structure and operation.

Device

When building a cottage, it is necessary to pay special attention to the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system, since there is no central one for the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:

Sewage drains leaving a private house are collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
Inside the septic tank, the particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, and the latter enter the next compartment.
Aerobic purification is not always possible, therefore anaerobic purification often occurs. The sewage is filtered, and the generated methane is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

Types of septic tanks for a private house

Local treatment facilities are divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less often due to time, power and material costs. However, concrete structures are considered to be more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.

Cumulative

Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private houses understand that it is impossible to do without a sewerage system, therefore they offer a wide choice. The use of special tanks is often the solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where domestic water flows through pipes, which are pumped out as it is filled. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank of the required size. This option has a number of features:

The installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
The tank itself for a private house will not be cheap, despite the simplicity of the device.
The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, you need to think over everything so that the entrance of the sewer truck is unhindered.
The cost of pumping waste will be expensive, therefore, if your household water accumulates quickly, then a storage single-chamber septic tank is not your option!

It is impossible to provide yourself with a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:

Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. Large particles and fats are separated and settle at the bottom.
The waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
The sediment enters the first chamber, and the treated effluent enters the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
Fully treated water flows through the secondary clarifier into the well.

With post-treatment

Waste that has passed through a septic tank cannot be considered completely clean water that can be discharged into a body of water or soil. Sometimes it is impossible to do without additional soil cleaning. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, since you will need to install:

absorbent trench,
sand and gravel filter,
filter well,
filtering fields.

Home septic tanks

Choosing from the assortment on the market is not easy. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:

Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
Price: 11328 rubles.
Characteristics: the device pumps out waste water, accumulating it in a tank.
Pros: low price.
Cons: small capacity.

More serious septic tanks installed in private houses are much more expensive. However, they are often worth it:

Name: EcoProm Rostok.
Price: 55,900 rubles.
Characteristics: construction containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
Pros: high degree of purification.
Cons: large size.

There are entire autonomous deep biological treatment plants. In a private house, they will be appropriate:

Name: Unilos Astra 3.
Price: 66,300 rubles.
Characteristics: a tank for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
Pros: easy to use, perfectly copes with the tasks.
Cons: no.

Septic tank installation price

Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank for filtering waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a home, depending on its type, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary:

Septic tank for a private house: how to choose, reviews
A septic tank for a private house is a solution to problems with sewerage and getting rid of unpleasant odors of liquid waste. Learn about the types of devices and why you can't do without it.

A practical and successful option for a sewerage device on your site - a septic tank - is a type of treatment plant that allows you to clean and dispose of wastewater. How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a suburban home usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance. The last factor will determine how effectively the product will cope with its purpose. The variety of these treatment facilities in the modern market will make even the most sophisticated consumer confused in these matters. Local installation is included in the sewer system and is used to collect, settle and purify contaminated water from the home. For an ordinary country house, they are of the following types:

Filling type - the structure can be made independently using concrete rings, eurocube, etc.,

Sedimentation tanks with post-treatment through the ground,

Installations for deep cleaning.

When choosing the best option for a septic tank, you should also pay attention to the material of its manufacture, the type of soil where it will be installed, the purpose of the dwelling (for stationary or seasonal residence).

Types of septic tanks for a country house

Earlier, when the production of plastic septic tanks was not so massive, reinforced concrete structures, which were mounted in stages, were more popular. Also used cleaning systems made of metal. Today, wastewater treatment is most often carried out using ready-made plastic plants. These products are reliable and durable. The high level of sealing ensures the environmental safety of the installations. Depending on their performance, they are classified according to different criteria.

By filtration type

The classic storage option is an analogue of a conventional settling pit, into which wastewater flows.

Accumulative model of a septic tank U1250 with a volume of 1250 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles.)

In such tanks, water is stored until it is pumped out by a sewer truck. Storage plants require regular cleaning. Although the cost of such containers is small, the frequent call of machines for cleaning is not a cheap "pleasure". Therefore, such a choice can hardly be called economical.

With soil cleaning - this option settles and cleans the wastewater through a special drainage field.

Rostock 1000 model with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 25,000 rubles.)

Water is thrown out, and sediment remains in the container itself, which must be removed 2-3 times a year using special equipment. As a result of processing in such a septic tank, the water becomes 60-85% cleaner. Energy independence and ease of use are the advantages of such a structure. But it cannot be installed in areas with high aquiferous soil due to poor cleaning through soil filters.

Septic tank with deep biological treatment - in this case, you can achieve a high level of wastewater treatment (98-99%) and even reuse the liquid for household needs or for watering the garden.

Model Dochista Profi H5 with a volume of 1000 liters (Cost about 65,000 rubles)

In this version, all types of wastewater treatment are used: chemical, biological, mechanical. Such tanks can be installed in any type of soil, they do not rot and can serve for several decades. The disadvantages of biological septic tanks include their energy dependence. Therefore, in areas where the light is often turned off, it will be difficult to achieve the normal operation of the installation.

Scheme of operation of a gravity wastewater treatment system

By material

From reinforced concrete - this option can be chosen for houses where they live off-season, that is, all year round. They serve for a long time, but they need good waterproofing and are rather difficult to install.

Plastic containers can be installed in areas where the water table is high. Plastic septic tanks for a private house are not subject to corrosion and are not afraid of the influence of aggressive environments.

Metal tanks are made of stainless steel. However, in comparison with plastic and concrete counterparts, they are not as durable and practical. In addition, such septic tanks are quite expensive.

A horizontal septic tank is most often chosen for areas where water from the ground rises high in the autumn-spring period.

The horizontal container looks like a cylinder and is made of plastic or stainless steel. Suitable for installing a country house with a large amount of wastewater (10 or more cubic meters).

The septic tank of the vertical type is buried deeper than the horizontal container.

Such products are suitable for installation in a sewage system with a small volume of wastewater (up to 2 cubic meters). However, such a tank is more sealed than the horizontal version.

Sometimes a combined version of horizontal and vertical septic tanks is used, where each container is responsible for certain wastewater from the bathroom, kitchen or toilet.

By location

Underground is a more common design option that is buried at a certain depth. At the same time, the landscape of the site does not suffer.

The above-ground version of the structure is used if the geology of the site does not allow the installation of an underground option due to the high level of groundwater. In this case, the septic tank will spoil the landscape of the site, so it should be mounted away from the viewing angle.

What to consider when choosing a septic tank

In order to choose and buy a septic tank for a country house or a dwelling located in the private sector, you should take into account the purpose of the premises itself.

If the house will be used only in a certain season, then a simpler version of a sewage treatment plant will do.

The water consumption per day is also taken into account. Based on this indicator, the required septic tank performance is determined. Water consumption depends on the number of people living in the house.

The characteristics of the soil are also taken into account. It is necessary to determine the possibility of installation on the site. After all, the territory itself must meet sanitary standards: the distance from the septic tank to the residential building is 5 meters, from the septic tank to a well or a well - 30 meters. If the site is small, then it is unlikely to meet all the necessary requirements. In this case, preference should be given to the more expensive option - sewerage with biological treatment.

The location of the septic tank on the site

In the area where the storage tank is installed, entrances for the sewer truck must be provided.

Best option: resume

In order to correctly choose a septic tank for a country house, you should take into account all the recommendations and carry out the necessary calculations. The current budget also matters, because some types are more expensive, but they are not always a viable option for construction in a particular situation. An optimally selected design model will be a guarantor of environmental safety and cleanliness of the soil, and timely maintenance of the container and pumping out wastewater (if provided by the instructions) will extend its service life for a long time. The best version of the sewerage tank will allow you to build a high-quality sewerage system on the site and significantly improve living conditions in a private house.

Which septic tank to choose for a private house?
How to choose the right septic tank for a private house? The owner of a suburban home usually, when choosing a design, pays attention to its price and performance.

An overview article on how to correctly choose the right septic tank for a private house.

First: proceed from the number of people who will use the septic tank

Each person will need at least two hundred liters a day, that is, if there are five people in a family, then a septic tank for a three-day stay in it must have a volume of at least three cubic meters.

It is also worth considering the volume of the salvo discharge of water, it comes from several sources at once (this is a bath, shower, sinks, toilets). If you incorrectly calculate the water consumption and exceed the flow volume, this will affect the quality of water purification.

Second: Frequency of use

Aeration units such as "Unilos", "Topas", "Astra", "Bioxy" are perfect for year-round operation. If the flow of effluents ceases, then the activity of microorganisms is inhibited.

In order to use a septic tank occasionally, it is necessary to add additional food to the sewer, most often it is semolina, pet food, kefir. After receiving top dressing, the activated sludge biocenosis is restored, and the septic tank works as usual.

Third: a method of drainage

Usually, there are three ways to remove wastewater:

Into the ground - this method is suitable if the soil consists of sand or is sandy loam. The effluent flows into a filter well with a crushed stone or gravel bed at the bottom,
In the "storm" - this method is suitable if the degree of filtration is close to 98%, since you can get a fine for water pollution. The method is appropriate when your area has soil that does not absorb water well, for example, clay, or if your groundwater level is too high,
In an intermediate well - the method is suitable for several houses sharing one station. This well is built of concrete, and water does not leave it, it is discharged onto the relief using a drainage pump.

Dumping water into a common ditch is prohibited due to the fact that aeration stations cannot completely destroy helminth eggs. Therefore, there is a risk of infecting other residents with intestinal diseases.

Fourth: The depth to which the soil freezes in winter

You can find out how much the soil freezes in your area by focusing on SNiP 23-01-99. For example, in the Moscow region, the soil freezes by 1.4 m.

That is, if you plan to use a septic tank in the winter, you need to lay it below the freezing point, otherwise you risk getting an accident.

Fifth: Station cost

The brands "Topas" and "Astra" are similar and have approximately the same price tag. The differences between them relate to the design features (one compressor is installed in the Topas, and two in the Astra), the number of modifications according to the depth of the underwater pipe, and the body material. Bioxy stations provide for the possibility of processing a larger volume of effluent with a similar number of users. Therefore, the price tag for the products of this brand is slightly higher. For a private house, the option is optimal.

Also on the market there is a firm "Tver", which offers a combined type of treatment systems. These septic tanks have a chamber for anaerobic processes. In fact, this is a complex of a septic tank and an aeration plant. These systems are ideal for occasional use, but they are more expensive.

How do sewage treatment plants work?

The compressor delivers fine air bubbles to the aeration tanks, through which oxidation takes place. Then the wastewater is pumped into a biofilter, or an aeration tank, and the remaining organic matter is destroyed in it. If you have an aeration tank, then in it a mixture of water and sludge is sent to a secondary settling tank, where the effluent is divided into water and sludge, and bacteria are involved in the processing of organic matter. Aerobic bacteria are used here. The biofilter, in turn, uses anaerobic bacteria that can exist in an oxygen-free environment, therefore, oxygen supply to the chamber is not needed. The purified water is either removed by gravity or with the help of special mechanisms, the sludge remains.

Overview of installations on the market

Let's consider the most popular settings.

Station "Topas"

Domestic production, one of the first in Russia.

Its work is based on a combination of biological treatment with fine bubble aeration (artificial air supply) for more efficient and faster oxidation of the constituents of domestic wastewater. Biological treatment is the biochemical destruction of organic substances by microorganisms (bacteria). In this type of installation, aerobic bacteria are used, due to which the processes of biochemical destruction of organic substances take place.

Septic tanks of this company have a large number of modifications:

Based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for four, five, six, eight, nine, ten or more people who live in a private house, in a country house, in a cottage,
Modifications that take into account the depth of the pipe that removes the drains from the house,
Septic tank models can have one or two compressors,
Septic tank models may have a drain pump,
In addition to modifications for the house, the company has developed septic tanks for a summer cottage village, a camp site, a summer cottage community with a capacity of fifty, seventy, one hundred, one hundred and fifty residents.

You can safely choose the products of this brand, since this is one of the most thought-out companies with many options, and the company's consultants will select the option that suits you, taking into account the characteristics of your site and your needs.

The positive aspects of using an autonomous wastewater treatment plant "Topas" include:

A wide product line, you can choose a model based on the number of people living, modifications have been developed for areas with a high groundwater level, as well as a number of interesting solutions,
Increased strength of the product, squeezing the station by soil is excluded, squeezing out is also impossible,
Very easy to operate, easy to handle on your own, and there is no need to spend money on maintenance,
The station works silently
A very high degree of water purification, which allows water to be discharged into water bodies or into a sewer.

Among the disadvantages of stations of the "Topas" brand are:

Choosing a septic tank for a private house
The article discusses general approaches to the choice of a septic tank for a private house and summer cottage, and also provides an overview on the model "Topas", "Tank" and "Unilos".

These data confirm the need to define personal criteria when looking for the best septic tank for a summer residence. In addition to the information noted above, you should pay attention to the following data:

The actual volume of effluents (normal / maximum).
The possibility of careful maintenance, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
Intended installation method (independent / with the help of specialists).
Ground water level.
The thickness of the earth layer above the hull and the corresponding loads.
Ease of travel of equipment for the extraction of accumulated wastewater.

Important! The best septic tank performs its functions without unnecessary difficulties and high operating costs. For an accurate assessment, all significant factors are analyzed in a complex.

Regardless of the specific form (drawing with dimensions, or a set of documentation in accordance with GOST), the materials should contain information not only about the septic tank. They indicate the number and parameters of straight pipes and other fittings, hoses and hatches for. Electric drives are equipped with overheating and surge protection devices. Submersibles are supplemented with convenient lifting devices for inspection and repair.

After a thorough study of all the nuances of the project, they make the necessary adjustments to the requirements for the equipment. Make up an accurate list of the main components of the system and additions, building materials, tools. This work will help to clarify the amount of future financial and labor costs.

Related article:

The article explains how to do it. The description of the construction requirements is supplemented with reviews of effective technologies and ready-made models with characteristics and prices. This information will help you implement your project quickly and at a reasonable cost.

The current rating of the best septic tanks for a country house

To determine which is the best septic tank for a summer residence, the current rating is supplemented with consumer reviews. Data on warranty obligations, operating instructions will come in handy.

Topas

A significant advantage of this brand is the specialized production of various treatment facilities:

Model	Productivity, (cubic meters per day) / Permissible volume of one-time discharge (cubic meters)		price, rub.	Notes (edit)
Topas-C4	0,8/125	95 x 97 x 2.5 / 215	78500-86500	Compact system with one compressor.
Topas 4 OL	0,8/175	88 x 97 x 260/225	95200-108900	Equipped with two compressors for active aeration of the compartment with aerobic microorganisms.
Topas 8 Long OL	3/1025	230 х120 х310 / 715	251000-268800	Installation for large needs (up to 15 users). Such equipment is suitable for equipping large real estate objects.
Topol-Eco TOPAS-S 8 Ave	1,3/-	—	110900-115300	Deep cleaning equipment with five working chambers. Non-volatile execution.

For your information! On the official website, you can buy a Topas septic tank inexpensively from the manufacturer. The price in the price list is not increased by the profit of intermediaries, so you can count on quite acceptable offers.

On a separate request, the company creates a complex type of treatment facilities, specialized sets:

The Toplos line includes modifications:
- "Aqua" - for cleaning liquids from open reservoirs;
- "KM" - container-type plant;
- "FL" - equipment for the detention of organic matter.
Cleaning from fatty impurities will be performed by "Toppolium".
The Toprain kit is intended for equipping petrol stations and car workshops.

With the help of the listed products and other products of this company, it is possible to solve specific problems with reasonable costs. When sold, the price with turnkey installation includes delivery and installation. This data will help to clarify the amount of real investment.

Tank

Treatment facilities under this trade mark are produced by Triton Plastic. Currently, this company offers the following assortment of tank country septic tanks. The price in the table is as of August 2017:

Model of the "Tank" series	Productivity, (cubic meters per day)	Length x Width x Height (cm) / Weight (kg)	Price for one / three items, rub.
1	0,6	120 x 100 x 170/85	22700/17000
2	0,8	180 x 120 x 170/130	32800/27500
2,5	1	203 x 120 x 185/140	37900/32500
3	1,2	220 x 120 x 200/150	44700/39500
4	1,8	360 x 100 x 170/228	59000/54000

For your information! If you choose a septic tank, the owner's reviews should be studied with a duration of operating experience for at least several seasons. This will make it possible to obtain objective information, to take into account regular additional costs in economic calculations.

The manufacturer cites the following advantages of products in this series:

Their design is well tested in practice, taking into account the opinions of real users.
This equipment performs its function without consuming electricity and without associated operating costs.
It can be installed in any soil.
Installation is allowed without concreting the base and rigid attachment to it using anchoring.
Good tightness is useful when the water table is high.

Important! In the official instructions, the company notes the need to remove bottom sediments during seasonal living (in the fall, before preparing the summer cottage for winter). If the property is used constantly, such a procedure is needed no more than once every 5 years or less. For the decomposition of sediments, special sets of microorganisms are used.

The prices indicated for the septic tank Tank are for the capital and the Moscow region. Discounts are provided not only for the number of items purchased. They are valid when ordering professional installation (+12400 rubles).

Triton

The same manufacturer produces other polymer products. The following series are presented on the domestic market under the Triton brand:

"N" - storage tanks for waste with a volume of 1000 to 27000 liters, costing 24800-426000 rubles.
"T" - septic tanks of traditional design from three separate chambers.
"P" - tanks for fire protection systems.
"K" - caissons
"PM" - devices for retaining fats for installation under.

Model of the Triton-T series	Tank volume, liters	Diameter x length of the tank, cm	Approximate number of users
1	1000	120 x 117	2
1,5	1500	120 x 162	3
2,5	2500	120 x 252	5
5	5000	120 x 472	10
10	10000	150 x 600	20
12	12000	200 x 405	—
30	30000	200 x 980	—

Such a kit is suitable for installation in the country. The wall thickness of these products is from 10 to 15 mm, which provides good resistance to mechanical stress. Technical data are shown in the table:

Name	Tank volume, liters	Length x Width x Height in cm	Weight, kg
Septic tank	750	125 x 820 x 170	85
Infiltration device	400	180 x 800 x 400	20

Such a set is not difficult to transport and install yourself. The manufacturer includes a neck and caps as standard. The infiltrator is optional. Instead, you can apply a filtering field.

Termite

Septic tanks under this brand are created by Multiplast. This company produces polymer products using vacuum and rotary forming technologies. Having our own design departments allows us to respond in a timely manner to market requirements. The production equipped with modern equipment ensures cost minimization and excellent quality. It is permissible to manufacture one-piece containers with a volume of up to 10 thousand liters.

The manufacturer emphasizes that only primary raw materials, high-quality polymers are used for the manufacture of cases. One-piece molding and radial end ribs help maintain structural integrity even under heavy loads. The technical characteristics of the products are checked by a series of special hydrodynamic tests.

Model series "Termite"	Productivity, cubic meters per day	Tank volume, liters	Length x Width x Height, cm	Weight, kg	Notes (edit)
Accumulator 1.2	0,4	1200	134 x 116 x 156.5	80	Storage capacity.
Pro 1.2	0,4	1200	134 x 116 x 156.5	80	The most compact septic tank with additional soil cleaning. Wall thickness - up to 20 mm.
Transformer 1.5 S	0,6	1500	200 x 80 x 200	110	This equipment can be converted into a forced air cleaning station. Proprietary aeration kit available
Pro 2.5	1	2500	200 x 115.5 200.5	135	Suitable for a family of 5.
Transformer 2.5 PR	1	2500	205 x 105 x 211	155	Such a septic tank can be used.

For your information! When buying a septic tank Termit on a turnkey basis, the price includes installation work. But you need to make sure that these services are available for a specific region. Otherwise, you will have to organize the installation of equipment on your own.

Unilos

In the current product line, there are two series of septic tanks in a classic design:

These are complete cleaning stations that differ in the following characteristics:

The walls of expanded polymer (polypropylene) create an insulation layer that prevents the harmful effects of changes in external temperature.
For forced air supply, membrane technology is used here, which helps to extend the service life of the aerator to 10 years or more.
Removal of excess sludge (it is used as fertilizer) is carried out using a standard airlift.

You can purchase a suitable station, taking into account the required distance from. When designing a route, the following restrictions apply:

Modification	Outlet depth in cm for different wastewater systems		Maximum inlet depth, cm
Modification	Gravity	Forced	Maximum inlet depth, cm
"Standard"	45	15	60
"Midi"	60	30	90
Long	—	—	120

The price of the septic tank Unilos Astra 5 (76-83 thousand rubles) cannot be called overstated given the good consumer characteristics. This equipment provides full satisfaction of all drainage needs for a family of 4-5 people. It retains functionality during salvo discharge up to 250 liters. Electricity consumption does not exceed 60 W per hour.

Aqua-Bio

These treatment facilities are capable of processing from 0.7 to 1.5 cubic meters. drains in 24 hours (5-10 users). The increased thickness of the case up to 25 mm allows it to withstand heavy loads without damage. The manufacturer positions its products as intended for loamy and sandy soils, areas with low groundwater levels. It offers necks of different heights in 100 mm increments, so choosing the best option is not difficult.

For your information! Several years ago, the manufacturer made a rebranding. Now the products of this series are called "BARS-Bio".

Poplar

Modification	Inlet pipe depth, cm	Width x Depth x Height, cm	Processing volume per day, cubic meters	Permissible salvo discharge, l
3	80	112 x 106 x 212.5	0,65	180
5	80	103 x 100 x 248.5	1	250
10	80	192.8 x 112 x 248.5	2	790
50	80	300 x 216 x 300	8,9	1900
150 LONG	140	400 x 482 x 300	24	4600

Drawing of the installation "Tver 1P"

Ecopan

The production association is the oldest specialized domestic enterprise. The application of the accumulated experience in practice is manifested in good consumer characteristics and reasonable prices. All products of this type are provided with official certificates, a five-year warranty.

Septic tank Ecopan

Leader

This manufacturer creates tanks for local cleaning systems from low pressure polyethylene. To strengthen the structure, a special arrangement of power elements was used. Relatively low weight simplifies assembly operations. The four stages provide a good level of cleaning. To remove sediments, the equipment is equipped with an airlift.

Model range parameters	Units	Limit values
Number of users	Human	2-15
	liters

Schematic diagram of a cleaning station

For your information! The prices of Leader septic tanks, like those of similar products from other manufacturers, should be considered taking into account a specific configuration. In this case, we are talking about modern, well-equipped equipment.

Comparison of different models

The prices below for septic tanks for summer cottages will change over time. However, these data are suitable for objective comparative analysis.

Model range parameters	Units	Limit values
Maximum one-time discharge	liters	400-3000
The amount of wastewater to be treated in 24 hours	cubic meters

Manufacturer / Model	Productivity, m3 / day	Dimensions, cm	Weight, kg	Price
Triton Plastic / Triton-T 2.5	—	120 x 252	—	48000
Multiplast / Termite Transformer 2.5 S	1	205 x 105 x 211	145	45000
Unilos / Astra 5	1	103 x 100 x 199.5	250	71600
Granite-M / Poplar	1	103 x 100 x 248.5	—	83300
TD "Engineering Equipment" / Tver - 1 PN	1	300 x 110 x 167	180	112300
PA "Pankom" / Ecopan L5	1	255 x 144 x 164	210	97500
LLC "Alexis" / Leader 1	1	270 x 145 x 165	150	105000

For your information! When creating a septic tank for a home with your own hands, you must take into account the aggregate costs of construction and auxiliary work, the purchase of compressors and other manufactured products.

Evgeny Sedov

When hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)

Content

What is a septic tank

What is it needed for

Device

Sewage drains leaving a private house are collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
Inside the septic tank, the particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, and the latter enter the next compartment.
Aerobic purification is not always possible, therefore anaerobic purification often occurs. The sewage is filtered, and the generated methane is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

Types of septic tanks for a private house

Cumulative

The installation of drainage wells is not required, which has a positive effect on the cost of the system.
The tank itself for a private house will not be cheap, despite the simplicity of the device.
The owner of the house can independently decide where the septic tank will be installed. However, you need to think over everything so that the entrance of the sewer truck is unhindered.
The cost of pumping waste will be expensive, therefore, if your household water accumulates quickly, then a storage single-chamber septic tank is not your option!
Bioseptic

It is impossible to provide yourself with a comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewage. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of wastewater treatment, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:
1. Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. Large particles and fats are separated and settle at the bottom.
2. The waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
3. The sediment enters the first chamber, and the treated effluent enters the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
4. Fully treated water flows through the secondary clarifier into the well.
With post-treatment

Waste that has passed through a septic tank cannot be considered completely clean water that can be discharged into a body of water or soil. Sometimes it is impossible to do without additional soil cleaning. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, since you will need to install:
- absorbent trench;
- sand and gravel filter;
- filter well;
- filtering fields.
Home septic tanks

Choosing from the assortment on the market is not easy. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:
- Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
- Price: 11328 rubles.
- Characteristics: the device pumps out waste water, accumulating it in a tank.
- Pros: low price.
- Cons: small capacity.
More serious septic tanks installed in private houses are much more expensive. However, they are often worth it:
- Name: EcoProm Rostok.
- Price: 55,900 rubles.
- Characteristics: construction containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
- Pros: high degree of purification.
- Cons: large size.
There are entire autonomous deep biological treatment plants. In a private house, they will be appropriate:
- Name: Unilos Astra 3.
- Price: 66,300 rubles.
- Characteristics: a tank for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
- Pros: easy to use, perfectly copes with the tasks.
- Cons: no.
Septic tank installation price

Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank for filtering waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services of a transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a home, depending on its type, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary:

How to choose a septic tank for a private house

The market for devices for organizing the sewerage of a private house is wide and offers devices for every taste. The regions keep up with big cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg. However, it is necessary to approach the choice of materials responsibly so as not to have problems in the future. It is necessary to initially calculate the volume of waste and the location for the installation of the structure. Which septic tank to choose for a private house will depend on the length of stay:
- If your goal is to move to a private house on a permanent basis, then it is better to opt for bioseptics. This will provide better wastewater treatment.
- Those who come to a private house for a weekend or for the summer can be limited to a storage septic tank. The design is simple, does not require energy consumption, but it implies periodic emptying of the tanks.

The owners of any country house organizing an autonomous sewage system have to solve the problem of which septic tank is better. The fact is that structures of this type are on sale in a wide variety, which imposes a certain complexity on the choice of a suitable option.

Essence of the question

A septic tank is a waterproof container that includes one or more compartments (chambers). Like any other design, the treatment plant also has its own characteristics. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you have to study the freely available options and understand how they work. This will make it possible to make the right decision in the direction of a particular model.

Manufacturing material

Several criteria are used to classify septic tanks.

One of them is the type of material of manufacture:

Reinforced concrete rings... These prefabricated structures are characterized by good reliability and corrosion resistance. The disadvantages of products include their large mass, which implies the use of special mechanisms when installing.
Monolithic concrete... Structures of this type are equipped on site by pouring concrete solution, for which the formwork is first laid. Concrete is prepared at the place of work, or ordered at the nearest concrete products.
Brick or foam blocks... For this, the bottom and walls of the excavated pit undergo intensive sealing with clay mortar or modern coating materials. Laying is carried out in the traditional way, with offset rows.
Steel containers... They are characterized by low cost and excellent resistance to mechanical stress. A serious disadvantage of steel products is their tendency to rust, which requires additional waterproofing work.
Polymer materials... This type of septic tank for a private house is lightweight and belongs to the budget options. However, at low temperatures, the polymer becomes brittle and begins to crack. In addition, this type of structure is often damaged by rodents.
Fiberglass... These robust, lightweight models are chemically resistant, making them both practical and durable.

Regardless of what the septic tank is made of for a permanent home, it is important to pay attention to its strength and tightness. Internal drains must never be released into the environment.

Appointment

According to the specifics of the function performed, septic tanks for a country house and a summer residence are divided into three groups:

Cumulative... Structures of this type consist of a strong sealed container or paired communicating wells. A feature of the maintenance of storage septic tanks is the need for constant pumping of wastewater. To do this, you need to order a special machine with a barrel and a compressor.
Sedimentation tanks... The complexes include modules of soil tertiary treatment. Without them, the degree of waste purification does not exceed 70-75%. Settling ponds include one and several compartments. Recycling accumulations involves separating liquids from solids. All this is accompanied by fermentation, for which anaerobes are introduced into the composition of the liquid.
Deep biological treatment modules... These self-contained septic tanks for a private house consist of a set of compartments, which allows for the phased chemical, biological and mechanical decomposition of waste. Organic residues are so harmless that they can be discharged directly into a body of water or soil. See also: "Autonomous sewerage for a private house - types, device features, selection rules."

Comparing septic tanks for a country house, first of all, they pay attention to the simplest storage-type designs. Their functioning is based on the gradual stratification of the waste that has got inside. As a result, more massive inclusions move to the bottom, and liquid runoff rises. The operation of sedimentation tanks is also based on the natural separation of insoluble inclusions from water: this is called the settling process.

To bring the separated liquid to a safe state, septic tanks for the cottage are equipped with infiltrators. In appearance, these are containers without a bottom, acting as aeration pads. After getting into the waste infiltrators, they are additionally cleaned. Further, in transit through the soil filter, the liquid is discharged outside.

The choice of a deep purification septic tank involves the use of a complex technique that provokes the phased decomposition of waste. First, solid particles precipitate, then organic matter is bioprocessing. Further, a chemical module and a final purification filter are included in the work. Comparison of septic tanks shows that only deep cleaning units are able to bring the degree of purification to 95-98%. After clarification and antiseptic treatment, the processed masses are allowed to be discharged into the environment.

Optimal options

When choosing a septic tank for a country house, you need to focus on certain criteria. First of all, attention is paid to the specifics of the dwelling and the needs of the people living in it. The price of the device depends on the material of its manufacture, the capacity and number of structural modules, the type of wastewater treatment technology used, and the use of additional devices.

What are the septic tanks for a private house by type of design and additional equipment:

With compressors and drain pumps.
With filters and float switches.
With automatic control devices.

Compressors are part of biological treatment complexes. Their task is to supply oxidizing oxygen streams to support the vital functions of aerobes. Drainage pumps stimulate the movement of drains inside the septic tank. They are also used to remove the purified liquid in cases where the main complex is below the discharge point.

Why factory models are better than homemade ones

To save money, some owners of suburban areas use car tires, bricks or concrete rings for the manufacture of septic tanks. To build such a structure, you have to spend enough time and effort. With your own hands, you can build not only the simplest drives, but also modular cleaners, consisting of a series of interconnected sedimentation tanks. This makes it possible to achieve a fairly good clarification of waters.

However, from the point of view of practicality and efficiency, the best septic tank for a permanent home is still a factory design. As a rule, products of this type are certified according to construction and environmental requirements.

Features of the soil and the depth of passage of groundwater

In the process of finding the best septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to take into account the geological features of the area. For example, a sewage treatment plant in combination with an infiltrator or an absorption shaft requires groundwater to flow 1 m below the cut of the potential bottom of the groundwater treatment complex. The purified liquid may be discharged into the surrounding space only if there is a layer of sand, gravel or pebbles below the post-treatment system. It can also be sandy plastic soils.

It makes no sense to use additional treatment on clay soils. The fact is that the degree of water absorption by clay, loam and hard soils is almost at zero. As a result, the drainage into the soil will stop, and the septic tank itself will flood with water. In such a situation, an additional water supply system is usually used, which diverts wastewater into ditches or centralized communications. In the case of a close location of groundwater to the surface of the earth, the use of autonomous treatment complexes encounters great difficulties. This also applies to areas where the water table rises sharply during spring snowmelt or heavy rains.

There are the following types of septic tanks for summer cottages with a high level of groundwater:

Sealed storage tanks. As they are filled, it is necessary to pump out and remove the effluents.
VOCs. Pumps are used to pump the purified liquid.

The cheapest way to purchase a septic tank for a site with a high level of groundwater occurrence is to purchase a polymer container. It provides for biological treatment and further discharge of the liquid into the storage.

There are two options for emptying the storage tank. If there is a central sewer line nearby, the wastewater can be pumped into it by means of a pump. In other cases, you have to invite for pumping out sewers. To do this, it is necessary to arrange in advance a convenient approach to the point where the tank is located.

Septic tank characteristics

To determine the volume of the receiving block or section, it is necessary to push off from the average daily rate of wastewater per tenant. At the same time, they are guided by daily consumption with a standard set of plumbing - 200 l / 1 person. According to modern standards, the waste storage tank must be able to receive the volume from each person at a three-day rate. If there are four people in the family, the capacity of the septic tank is calculated as 4x200x3 = 2.4 m 3. For those houses where guests are often received, the volume of the receiving capacity must be increased by 20-30%.

Modern septic tanks for a private house of factory production are usually labeled with indications of the number of people that they are able to serve. The optimal depth of the container is considered to be an indicator of 1.5-3 m. In cases where a container of greater depth is used, additional obstacles may appear when pumping out the accumulations of contents with a sewer machine.

Performance rate

To choose the best septic tank for a country house, which would not fail and work flawlessly, it is necessary to take into account the type of dwelling and the performance of the device:

Seasonal accommodation... At those summer cottages that are intended exclusively for recreation on weekends and in the warm season, it makes no sense to install expensive treatment facilities from several chambers. The best option for cases where the average daily waste volume does not exceed 1 m 3 are single-chamber septic tanks of small capacity. The weight of the compact complexes is quite small. This facilitates their transportation and installation measures for burying them into the pit. It is quite possible to implement such works independently, without using special equipment.
Permanent residence... If a country house is intended for year-round living, it is recommended to use complex septic tanks for a permanent residence 4 5. A good option are sedimentation tanks equipped with ground aftertreatment. First of all, this applies to areas with a low location of the groundwater level. To ensure good efficiency of the individual sewage system, it is recommended to use aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in its operation. They are introduced into containers, which leads to the "eating" of organic matter. Through the use of biological decomposition of effluents, waste products are brought to the state of industrial water.

The deep cleaning modules are best installed in those summer cottages near which there are natural reservoirs. The fact is that after the deep cleansing procedure, the drains are so safe that they are allowed to be discharged into rivers and lakes.

Domestic models

Russian manufacturers have been manufacturing autonomous septic tanks for country houses for several decades. During this period, a number of companies specializing in similar products have emerged. Some models simply duplicate imported septic tanks from leading European brands. But in most cases we are talking about truly unique designs for wastewater filtration.

The name of the most popular domestic septic tanks:

Eurobion... The product of many years of development by the leading engineers of the production association "Yubas". Complexes of this type incorporate innovative membranes manufactured using a unique technology. Thanks to the use of a rhythmic aeration tank, the complexes are allowed to be used in the mode of long sewerage downtime.
Poplar... The manufacturer of this reliable septic tank is Eco-Grand. The device is characterized by very high-quality cleaning (up to 99%). Thanks to the introduction of original production schemes that open access to the primary chamber, the procedure for servicing the departments has been simplified. To remove large sewage waste outside, no specialist assistance is required.
Aster... Complexes from the Unilos trademark, capable of delivering a level of purification from harmful inclusions up to 75%. The company is represented on the market by several developments designed for a different number of consumers. For additional equipment of the module, a compressor is used, which makes it possible to carry out filtration in several stages. After passing through all stages of cleaning, the effluent can be discharged into the environment.
Tank... Brand of septic tanks from the Triton-plastic company. The model line of this manufacturer consists of devices of various capacities, from compact containers for 600 l / day, and up to powerful stations for 1200 l / day. Their characteristics coincide with those of standard multistage complexes for the processing of waste products.
Triton... This product also belongs to the Triton-plastic company. There are several modifications of this development on the market. They are distinguished by the shape of the tanks and the cleaning methods. Models of the category "micro" and "mini" have a capacity of 450 and 750 liters, and the accumulators marked "H" and "T" are designed to process wastewater in volumes of 10,000 liters or more.
Tver... Septic tank with pumping for a private house from the Engineering Equipment trademark. An integrated approach includes the use of both mechanical and biological methods. The modular line has a four-level method for clarifying waste products. The station's productivity is at the level of 750-1500 m 3 / day.
Topas... For models of this type, low consumption of electrical energy is characteristic. Thanks to the use of four sections, the effluent purification rate reaches 98%.

In the process of solving the problem of which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the products of the Triton-plastic company. They are distinguished by a significant thickness of the walls of the body and the use of stiffeners. As a result, the structure is able to resist large external influences. This is very valuable, taking into account the realities of the climate of some Russian regions, with their characteristic frost heaving of the soil and sharp temperature changes. Such structures are protected from floating up during spring snowmelt, when the level of groundwater rises sharply. When installing structures of this type, you do not need to use special concrete and metal weights.

One of the best septic tanks for the home is considered to be the development of the production association "Leader". We are talking about a whole complex consisting of polypropylene sections: inside this type of equipment, a three-stage filtration is used. We are talking about mechanical, aerobic and biofiltration treatment, which makes it possible to discharge liquid into natural reservoirs.

Among the most popular septic tanks are the Rostok treatment plants from the EcoProm company. This company has long specialized in the manufacture of anaerobic complex stations, and has achieved a lot of success in this field. However, it should be borne in mind that these devices are able to give out the degree of waste purity at the level of 65-70%. It is recommended to use drainage tunnels to bring the effluent to acceptable levels for discharge into the environment.

Each of the septic tanks mentioned in this review has a set of individual characteristics, which makes it possible for the buyer to choose the most optimal option for himself. In addition to the volume of tanks, productivity and cleaning method, the cost of treatment plants is of great importance. Another great advantage of the factory complexes is the possibility of their retrofitting through the docking of additional modules. This stimulates an increase in the volume and productivity of the treatment complex.

Outcome

In the absence of a centralized sewage system in a private house, there is only one way out - to acquire an autonomous drainage system. There is no definite answer to the question of which septic tank is the best. Much depends on the purpose of the house and the number of people living in it. So, for dwellings with permanent residence, it is desirable to use a full-fledged treatment plant with a multi-stage filtration system. The sewage that has passed through such a complex is allowed to be discharged into the nearest reservoir or ditch.

As for seasonal summer cottages, in the process of searching for which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the simplest storage tanks. To save finances, such structures, resembling cesspools, are equipped by the forces of the owners of the dacha. For this, concrete rings, bricks or waste tires are most often used. However, the most reliable septic tanks are factory models made of fiberglass, which are not afraid of frost heaving and spring floods.

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