Speech technology courses. Speech technique, exercises

Many consider the delivered competent speech a talent that is given to the elect and is necessary only in some areas of activity. In fact, everyone should think about how to develop speech. After all, good diction makes you listen to the speaking person and trust his opinion more. In addition, this skill often contributes to career growth, especially if you often need to communicate with people in order to fulfill official duties.

Basic techniques and exercises for developing speech

Below are some of the most effective exercises to improve diction. Clear speech and a well-trained voice are the result of long and hard work on yourself. Therefore, it is necessary to perform these exercises regularly, and not from time to time, because this is the only way you will achieve progress in the development of your speech.

Warm-up for the articulation apparatus

Short warm-ups will help you to adjust yourself to the clarity of pronunciation before performing any exercises aimed at developing diction. One of her options is to grip the pencil tightly with your teeth and say a phrase about 10-15 words long. Then take out the pencil and say the same phrase again. In order not to think about the choice of text every time, you can use any poem when performing this exercise.

Exercises aimed at improving their mobility and accuracy will also help to start speaking better and to strengthen the muscles of the organs involved in the speech process. After all, it is these characteristics that are required for the development of diction and high-quality pronunciation of sounds.

As you know, the most mobile organ of articulation is the tongue. Therefore, most of the gymnastics is associated with it. There are many exercises that, if done regularly, will eliminate the need to ponder over the question of how to develop speech. For example, you can stick out your tongue and try to reach them first to the chin, and then to the nose. Or, like with a brush, draw lines from the teeth to the larynx with smooth movements.

Pronouncing phrases with artificially complicated articulation

Tongue twisters for the development of diction are considered a classic training option. With their help, you can practice the clarity of pronouncing different consonants in a calm atmosphere. To achieve excellent results, it is enough to allocate at least 5-10 minutes daily for classes. However, there is one important rule for developing good diction: each phrase must be pronounced at a slow, medium and very fast pace.

You can start training with the simplest sentences that teach you to clearly pronounce one or two sounds. For example, it can be:

There are also more complex phrases that help to understand how to learn to speak clearly and quickly words, in which the pronunciation of two or more sounds in difficult combinations is practiced:

• The talker said to the talkers: "I said, do not tell the talker that the talker has spoken," the talker has a talker. The talker spoke, and the mouth of the talker began to talk a little, and then the talker says at last: "Stop talking, the talker talked."
• The commander spoke about the colonel and the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel and the lieutenant colonel, about the lieutenant and the surety, about the second lieutenant and the second lieutenant, about the warrant officer and the warrant officer, about the warrant officer, but he was silent about the second lieutenant.
• In the yard there is firewood, behind the yard there is firewood, under the yard there is firewood, above the yard there is firewood, firewood along the yard, firewood in the width of the yard, does not fit the yard of firewood! We'll probably push the wood out of your yard back to the wood yard.
• The cap is not sewn in a Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured out in a Kolokolov style, the cap must be re-capped, re-capped, re-capped, re-capped.
• Already stung by a snake. I can't get along with a snake. Already from horror became already - a snake will eat a snake for dinner and say: "Start over."

Pronouncing tongue twisters

There are also special tongue twisters for developing diction and eliminating problems with the pronunciation of certain sounds. A good way to figure out what exactly will need to be corrected is to listen to your own speech from the side. After the problems are identified, you can start working on the development of diction.

First you need to learn how to pronounce an isolated sound correctly. Then it is necessary to achieve a distinction in speech of similar sounds, for example, "s" and "w" or "p" and "l". Pronouncing special phrases can be a significant help in correcting your speech, for example:

• Lara played the lyre.
• Forty mice walked, they found forty pennies, and two flatter mice found two pennies each.
• The Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria.
• A Cossack with a saber rode to Sasha to play checkers.
• Sasha walked along the highway and sucked drying. Beavers wander into bora cheeses. Beavers are brave, but kind to beavers.
• The bull is dull-lipped, the bull is dull-lipped, the bull has a dull white lip.
• There was a white-winged ram, All the rams were over-white-winged.
• I visited Frol, I lied to Frol on the Lavra, I will go to the Lavra, the Lavra on Frol navra.

It’s worth moving on to working on the next sound only after you achieve the correct pronunciation of the first sound.

Reading aloud

In addition to pronouncing tongue twisters, it is also useful to read aloud to develop diction. Recording your voice on a dictaphone can be a good incentive. Few people, having heard their speech, will not want to improve it. By reading sections from books and making audio recordings, you can practice pronunciation until it becomes almost perfect.

How to learn to speak so that it is really pleasant and interesting to listen to you? When reading aloud, avoid monotony and change intonation. In addition, it is worth changing the volume and reading speed, learning to highlight the most important points with pauses. But at the same time, control your speech so that such pauses are appropriate and not too long.

Also, do not lose sight of the fact that others are best perceived by a calm and confident voice. Whether it will be so depends largely on the mood and inner state of the person, his ability to control emotions. However, by developing diction, you can learn to speak calmly and convincingly. For example, why not imagine yourself as a politician and talk about the state of the economy in the country, sitting in front of a mirror?

Expanding vocabulary

Another important aspect to consider is the need for constant intellectual development and vocabulary replenishment. A well-developed person in any situation can maintain a conversation and find the right words. To become just like that, it is worth reading more, doing crosswords more often and attending various trainings on.

If you take even a few minutes every day to work on improving your diction, after a few months you will begin to speak well, and the voice itself will be transformed beyond recognition. At the same time, all the efforts made will undoubtedly be rewarded over time.

Diaphragm training

In the question of how to deliver speech, a very important aspect is the ability to control breathing. Without it, the text can be interrupted by pauses and breaths in those places where this violates its meaning or worsens emotionality. As a result, speech will become abrupt, and the meaning of what is said is perceived worse.

Therefore, one of the first exercises to develop diction should be training to develop correct breathing:

• Spread your legs shoulder-width apart, straighten your spine, put one hand on your chest and the other on your stomach. Inhaling through your nose, push your belly forward. Then calmly exhale the air through a small opening in the lips, returning the chest and abdomen to their original position.
• To improve your ability to speak over time, you can make the exercise harder. To do this, try to maintain proper breathing while walking, jogging in the wrong place, imitating chopping wood or sweeping the floor.
• You can also improve the development of diction with the help of the following exercise. To begin with, inhale calmly, and as you exhale, pull any vowel letter as long as possible. When you can hold the vowel for more than 25 seconds, try changing the tone of the voice.

Root Causes of Speech Problems

It is impossible to achieve positive results in the development of diction, if you do not understand the causes of speech disorders. Only occasionally are they associated with health problems and develop, for example, due to an abnormal structure of the jaw or a short frenum of the tongue.

For many people, speech problems are triggered by incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, as well as the absence of the sounds "L" or "R", or a violation of their pronunciation. A weakened articulation apparatus may also be the cause.

Even if a person can speak well, pronouncing all sounds correctly, in especially significant situations his speech can become blurry and indistinct. Indeed, when pronouncing words, the articulatory apparatus must very quickly switch from one movement to another. This is achieved only with active and intensive work of the muscles that need to be trained, for example, regularly pronouncing tongue twisters for diction.

However, the main reason for slurred, quiet speech is a person's shyness and lack of self-confidence. In such a situation, the development of diction is a secondary problem. First of all, you need to work on your own character and fight against complexes.

Do you want your child to become a TV or radio host, a famous actor in the future? Are you planning to build a successful career on stage yourself? Then you need to work on the development of stage speech for a long time and persistently. The teaching method includes a variety of diction exercises. There are special acting classes for both adults and children. Do you want to know what stage speech is and learn simple exercises for the development of the vocal apparatus? Then read this article to the end.

Every person who dreams of becoming a famous actor must regularly perform stage speech exercises. A loud voice, clear diction, correct placement of accents in the text - all this allows you to express feelings and emotions, to beat the work. The technique of stage speech is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. The actor must be able to convey the mood, show the inner world or other psychological traits of his character. If you learn how to do it right, you can very soon become a real star of film and theater scenes.

Stage speech, as an integral part of acting, developed gradually, becoming more and more perfect. Ancient Greek orators practiced speech in motion, because such a performance invariably aroused the special interest of the public. Even then, people realized that not only the meaning of the words in the text is important, but also the intonation and the way of reading.

Demosthenes, a famous orator and philosopher, had a very quiet voice by nature, his speech was slurred and many listeners often did not understand the meaning of his words. Then he began to work on himself, doing diction exercises every day. To do this, Demosthenes went to the edge of a cliff by the sea and made his speech, shouting over the sound of the waves. Also, his contemporaries claim that he often retired in a cave and rehearsed his monologues there in order to be able to hear himself.

Fortunately, today you do not need to resort to such extreme methods to improve your pronunciation and expressiveness. Stage speech lessons for children and beginners are quite simple. You can do simple diction exercises at home on your own or take a class with a teacher.

How to quickly improve your speech technique?

If you want your speech to be beautiful, clear and correct, you need to regularly attend special lessons. This is not surprising, because the teachers know their subject very well. You have probably attended lectures more than once, and listen to a very boring and slurred speech that makes you want to sleep. A professional speaker uses all the possibilities of his speech apparatus in order to constantly hold attention and attract the interest of the audience. Stage speech lessons will be equally useful for both future artists and businessmen, politicians and other professionals whose activities are directly related to communication.

To quickly learn to fully master your voice and improve diction, perform simple exercises on stage speech every day. It won't take you much time, but it will bring the desired effect. For beautiful speech, breathing is no less important than clear diction. That is why, in the lessons of stage speech, you will not only pronounce tongue twisters and expressively read texts, but also perform breathing exercises.

Breathing exercise options

High-quality technique of stage speech largely depends on the correct breathing of the speaker. A person who makes a speech in front of listeners cannot afford to inhale air through his mouth. This will lead to the fact that your breathing will be lost and you will not be able to correctly withstand intonation and place accents. To prepare for public speaking, do the following exercises regularly.

• Breathe through your nose (inhale and exhale) with your mouth open for 3-5 minutes.
• Place both hands on your solar plexus. Take a deep and very slow breath (the process should take 3-4 seconds). At the same time, your hands will feel how your stomach rises, filling with air, and when you exhale, it drops. Such a hesitation should be clearly visible. If you don't feel anything, tilt your body forward a little while inhaling. Gradually increase the inspiratory time.
• Exercise for training chest breathing. Inhale deeply as if you were smelling a fragrant flower, then exhale very smoothly and draw in your stomach. Taking a short inhale and a long exhale will help you improve your chest breathing. When this exercise is easy for you, begin to pronounce long phrases as you exhale.

These exercises are not difficult, but very effective. Do them daily, and you will soon be able to deliver a long speech without hesitation and breathing problems.

Improving articulation

In order for the pronunciation of individual sounds to be intelligible and clear, you need to constantly train the organs responsible for articulation.

The lesson should start with simple pronunciation of vowels, consonants and simple ligaments. Try to make your voice sound loud and bright, not like it would in normal daily life.

Various tongue twisters also help train the vocal apparatus. Such rhymes, on the contrary, need to be pronounced very quietly, in a whisper. Gradually increase the reading tempo and volume. Consider a few simple tongue twisters to improve stage speech.

• "I got a bean bean."
• "The dust flies across the field from the clatter of hooves."
• "Prokop came - dill was boiling, Prokop left - dill was boiling."

If you have been taking stage speech lessons for quite some time, you can gradually complicate the task for yourself by learning longer and more complex tongue twisters. If you can memorize and read by heart, you can be sure that you will become a great speaker.

Sound and diction are an integral part of stage speech

The sound of your voice will help to express a certain range of emotions. You must learn to adjust the timbre, range of sounds, intonation. To practice your sound, do the following exercises:

• Read any work in prose or poetry, constantly changing the volume of the speech. Speak the first line very quietly, the second - loudly, etc.
• Say one phrase with different intonations, try to express different emotions using ordinary words - fear, happiness, surprise, passion, etc.
• Develop your imagination. Think of how the animals would speak if they could talk. Tell the verse from the perspective of a fox, hare, dog, cat.

Clear diction is very important for stage speech. It will allow you to achieve success in your career, because people on a subconscious level listen more and positively perceive a person's clear and intelligible speech. You can develop your speaking skills using the following exercises.

• Stand straight with your hands on your chest, elbows apart. Take a deep breath, and gradually bend forward as you release the air from your lungs. The exhalation should be accompanied by the pronunciation of lingering vowel sounds (o, a, y) in a very low voice.
• Pronounce complex combinations of sounds regularly - STFRA, VZVA, LBAL. At first, this exercise may seem quite difficult to you, but gradually you will begin to succeed.
• Try reading medium-length text with your mouth closed.

A lesson in stage speech, like any other, should yield results. After completing a block of exercises, you must consolidate the result by reading a complex text as expressively as possible. If you are studying with a teacher, he may suggest that you take a special test at the end of the lesson. Correctly completing the tasks, you gain a certain number of points.

Boneless Tongue Exercise

Do you want to remember your childhood and have some fun? Then start performing an exercise for the development of the articulatory apparatus, which from the side looks like a normal antics. To prepare for a lesson in stage speech, you need to first do a little warm-up.

Articulatory gymnastics has many advantages, namely:

• Your language starts to work very clearly;
• The feeling that you are talking with a full mouth disappears.
• The pronunciation of sounds becomes clearer and more correct.

For the Boneless Tongue exercise, you need a regular mirror. Stand in front of him and start to warm up.

• Open your mouth slightly. Use the tip of your tongue to perform circular motions in different directions. Perform 10 rotations clockwise and counterclockwise.
• Open your mouth wide, stick out your tongue completely and gently lift its sides up. You should have a kind of tube. Now try to move the folded tongue, blow into it.
• Use your tongue to clean the surface of your upper and lower teeth. Try to repeat the exercise with both mouth closed and open.

Light biting on the tongue helps to loosen this muscle slightly. Do such manipulations before speaking in public, and then your speech will be clear and intelligible.

Simple exercise "Cork"

Even the simplest speech development exercise will be effective if done regularly. Cork is very popular among both adults and children. Such a fun activity allows you to:

• Strengthen the muscles of the cheeks, lips and upper palate.
• Tighten the skin of the face, smooth out fine wrinkles and nasolabial folds.
• Improve diction and speech.

Experts say that the "Cork" exercise is useful not only for future speakers and actors, but also for everyone who wants to preserve the beauty and youthfulness of the skin for years to come.

So, let's get down to class. Prepare a small wooden or plastic cork from a champagne bottle in advance, learn a tongue twister.
Pinch the plug in your front teeth. Without releasing a product, start reading tongue twisters. Repeat the rhyme several times in a row. You will be able to determine on your own which sounds you get better and which ones are worse. Constantly improve your pronunciation, train your articulation apparatus, and speed up your speech rate.

A person talking tongue twisters with a champagne cork in his mouth looks very comical. This fun exercise can be turned into a fun and rewarding family challenge. Have each family member read the tongue twister in an unusual way, and then work together to decide who did the best. After you remove the plug from your mouth, you will be surprised how much your speech has improved, because the words will "flow like a river".

Stage speech teaching methods

Professional specialists who are engaged in the preparation of future speakers, voice actors, etc., use various teaching methods. There are several most successful options for improving diction and speech, we will consider them in more detail.

• Continuous formation of stage speech. The teacher offers the student several sets of exercises, between which there is a logical relationship. There are no long pauses between lessons.
• Stepped complication. The student begins learning with the assimilation of the simplest material, the loads gradually increase.
• Play existence. Learning using this method is the most enjoyable, since the student uses his imagination in the classroom. Fun, playful activities tend to produce great results.
• Partnership relationship. In the lesson, the teacher and the student are "on an equal footing". The teacher can only advise, but not insist on repeating this or that exercise.

Stage speech lessons will be useful to everyone. Do you want to achieve your goal? Get ready for the fact that you will have to constantly learn, train and improve yourself. Show persistence, and very soon your public speaking skills will surprise everyone around you.

Why don't HRs invite applicants for an interview after the first phone call? Sometimes people are rejected because they speak slowly, indistinctly, uncertainly. Or, for example, public speaking. Even the most interesting lecture is not attractive if it is delivered by a gasping speaker. Listeners are distracted, paying attention to his imperfect "r", constant acan, breathing problems - information fades into the background.

So that you sound at full power and be at your best in any situation where you need to speak and have a voice to yourself, we turned for recommendations to Svetlana Vasilenko, an expert consultant on speech technique and rhetoric, author and host of talk-projects of radio "Kiev 98 FM ".

Svetlana has been working with her voice for 20 years and she is sure that speaking beautifully and clearly is not a gift, but just the ability, as well as the skill to present information correctly. So she got her own method of teaching speech technique, based on personal experience and the techniques that she tried out in the process of drawing up the author's program.

Why We Sound Wrong: Three Key Reasons

Incorrect position of the speech apparatus... Almost 90% of people need to work with speech. Adults often do not pay attention to the pronunciation of some of their sounds. Imperfect sound arises due to physical nuances - the tongue is not the way it should be, the lips are not relaxed at the right moment, etc.

Laziness. One of the most common causes of incorrect sound is common laziness. We are too lazy to open our mouths, so we do not use our jaw - it is motionless while speaking, only the lips move. Figuratively speaking, sounds come out with the help of air, and their quality depends on how wide we open our mouth.

How sound is born

Sound occurs when air passes between the vocal cords. When we make voiced sounds and vowels, the glottis formed by the ligaments closes, with deaf sounds it diverges. Frequent speaking, i.e. constant tension of the vocal cords leads to the fact that initially thin ligaments thicken, become less flexible, and the voice "grows" hoarse, loses pitch and flight.

Have you noticed how teachers, after 45 minutes of lectures, lose their voice and switch to a hoarse whisper? Usually teachers speak three times as high as usual, which means that they use the ligaments to the limit of their abilities. A large load on these muscles leads to the fact that nodes appear on them or, as the singers say, calluses, from which the voice can disappear. These knots can only be removed by surgery, but it is not a fact that you will sound as good as before the surgery.

Therefore, professional lecturers, trainers, consultants, teachers, in order to preserve the voice and ligaments longer, learn to speak with the use of a chest resonator, maximally “excluding” the ligaments from the process. Roughly speaking, they say "with the chest", not with the throat.

Ten Exercises to Improve Your Speech Technique

1. Love yourself

Oftentimes, those with articulation problems feel confident that they love themselves. But in fact, in a person who loves himself, the sound is born deep inside, and the person wants to be heard. Therefore, he speaks louder and clearer. To create a feeling of self-love, praise yourself in the morning in front of the mirror for 5 minutes, constantly thank you for being such a good fellow, take time for yourself during the day.

2. Open your mouth

When pronouncing words, physically open your mouth wider, work your jaw. If a person is worried, nervous, afraid to be uncomfortable, then he does not open his mouth while speaking, moving only his lips. Therefore, his speech is quiet, hardly intelligible, as if under his breath. It is unlikely that an employer, colleague, listener, etc. will appreciate this.

3. Yawn and stretch

In the morning, instead of jumping up with a cry "I'm late! / I slept!" stretch and yawn well. Most of the problems in speech technique are also in the fact that all the muscles are squeezed: they go numb in the morning after sleep, and after that we sit in the office, hunched over and not warming up.

As you stretch, you release all the muscles in your neck, which allow you to better "give" sounds. Yawning, we "wake up" the joints of the jaw, we relax the lips and windpipe with its small movable tongue. It also influences the way we speak - "releasing" sounds through the mouth or through the nose. Many speak nasally precisely because they direct air and sound through the nose, without training this part of the articulatory apparatus with yawning-relaxation.

4. Keep your back straight

A huge role in the appearance of sound is played by the diaphragm, the muscular septum separating the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity (conventionally, its border can be drawn along the lower edge of the ribs). Slouching, straining, we pinch the diaphragm, preventing its natural movement.

A good speaker has a "pumped-up" diaphragm; very mobile, so it can quickly change its position. With a straight back, our abdominal muscles are not pinched, which means that we can take as much air for speaking as necessary.

Check if you are sitting correctly - bring your shoulder blades together, lower them to the level when your back is level. At first, there will be a slight discomfort from the habit, the main thing is that you can calmly stand or sit in this position. By the way, straightening up makes you look more confident.

5. Place your chin perpendicular to your neck.

One girl defined her voice in everyday life as "the creak of an unoiled door," but at meetings with friends after a glass of wine, everyone admired her amazing chest voice. And to the question "What's wrong with my voice?" there was a very simple answer - she raised her chin high, stretching the muscles of her neck, at the throat, and the sound could not come out normally. And in a relaxed state, her chin fell into place, air appeared - and her voice sounded just like it should. If the chin is lowered below 90 degrees, then the back muscles of the neck are overtightened and the sound does not receive enough air to emerge.

6. « Wake up "resonators

While doing your morning chores, hum - pull your favorite song, a random melody with your mouth closed, try to read a couple of paragraphs from a book with your mouth closed, or, which is easiest, say the sound "mmmmm".

7. Always drink in small sips.

Gastroenterologists advise drinking warm water with lemon in order to wake up the body. The same water helps to wake up the speech organs. In the morning, drinking a glass of water in small sips, you train a small tongue. Rising up, he "works" to the fullest, and your nasal sound disappears by itself.

8. Do vibration massage

As we said, sounds are not created by the vocal cords alone. Our voice becomes special by receiving a beautiful vibration thanks to the internal resonators. Basic techniques of vibration massage are done on the frontal sinuses (these are the voids in the center of the forehead, at the point of convergence of the eyebrows), the maxillary sinuses, the upper and lower lips, and the upper part of the chest. The exercises below will reveal to you the subtleties of this massage at the indicated points.

Frontal sinuses. Massaging a point on the frontal sinuses, pronounce the sound "m" and send it up. Imagine that the sound goes up somewhere, above the crown, becoming thinner. In the place where the palate ends and the uvula begins, vibration appears. Physically, nothing vibrates, but the very sensation of vibration will be there. Massage helps to wake up resonators - and the body as a whole gets used to the correct sounding of all sounds.

Maxillary sinuses. While massaging the maxillary sinuses, "lower" the sound "m" completely into the nose. Close one nostril and pronounce the sound "m", while lowering the tone, releasing through the open nostril. If you do the exercise correctly, the wing of the open nostril vibrates slightly. Monitor your performance - it is important that the vibration stays in the nose area, and does not go to the teeth or tongue. It will not work out right away, but those who are used to speaking through the nose can easily cope with this task.

By releasing sounds alternately through different nostrils, you can massage the points at the wings of the nose. You are probably familiar with the effect of this massage. Often, when it is necessary to speak with a stuffy nose, we intuitively three points near the maxillary sinuses, reducing edema, clearing the airways, and, accordingly, we sound more clearly, especially when pronouncing sonorous sounds, including "m" and "n".

Upper lip. Vibration massage is aimed at teaching the upper lip to resonate - it must relax for the correct pronunciation of all sounds. To do this, pronounce the sound "v", trying to feel how the middle of the upper lip works. The correct sound "v" is born exactly at this point: the air leaving the mouth, at an angle of 45 degrees, hits the middle of the lip and vibrates slightly. As you do this exercise, you will feel the place itching. Add massage points above the upper lip.

Underlip. For the lower lip, use the same principle as for the upper lip, only using the "z" sound. The sound "z" is born in the same way as "in", only the air is directed to the middle of the lower lip. The massage is done on a point below the middle of the lower lip. Due to the tightness of the middle of the lower lip, there may be problems with the pronunciation of "w", "u", "z". If it seems to you that the lips are not involved in the appearance of "b" and "z", start massaging the indicated points and physically feel the vibration.

Chest resonator. For vibration massage of the chest resonator, pronounce the sound "g" and as you exhale, send it down the chest as much as possible. This is how you lower your voice as much as possible. In this case, the vocal cords do not take part in the appearance of sound, because they are completely relaxed, although physically you can feel their small vibrations.

Check the correctness of doing so - put your hand on your chest, below the neck. And it is in this place that you feel the vibration, but not on the neck, where the ligaments are. At the same time, the voice becomes lower.

9. Always train your chest resonator.

Place your hand on your chest and as you exhale, pronounce "chug-chug-chukh", as if you are a small train. Ideally, you should hear the sound beating in the palm of your hand from the inside of the chest for each chug. It is difficult to speak "with a breast" right away, but over time it will become the norm.

10. Open the windpipe (trachea)

Open your mouth and exhale the sound "a". While doing this, try to relax your throat as much as possible. In addition, by doing this you knead your jaws and lips - an additional beneficial effect.

A stressful person shrinks and sounds hardly make their way through his throat outward. Try to strain your throat, you will immediately understand what it is about. Therefore, every time you need to relax your throat before a public speech, presentation, interview, take a couple of minutes for this exercise.

Articulation gymnastics

To speak clearly and quickly, to argue confidently - you need to quickly and clearly work the muscles of the lips, jaw and tongue. The exercises below will be useful to you to develop the muscles of the speech apparatus. Plus, this simple exercise will solve the problem of most sounds once and for all.

Each muscle group is worked out separately, but necessarily in a complex. Even if it seems to you that you cannot do some kind of exercise, just do it - you need to train muscles that you have not previously used. Do each exercise 3-5 times. Also, as you work on one specific muscle group, relax the rest of the muscles as much as possible.

Lips

"Duck". Pull your lips together as if you were saying the letter "y", and then stretch your lips, exposing your upper and lower teeth as much as possible. You can enhance the effect by making circular movements with the lips, "ducks" in different directions.

"Mask". Open your mouth wide and pull your lips into your mouth as much as possible. This is a good massage for the lips and jaw. Finish the exercise with a big smile. The "mask" is good if there is no time for full articulatory gymnastics.

"Jar of jam". Remember how you lick the jam with your tongue from your lips. Extend your tongue, and straining your muscles, slowly slide it over your lips. Here, the muscles of the tongue and lips are simultaneously turned on. You can enhance the effect by running your tongue behind your lips.

"Rabbit". Without using your hands, lift your upper lip up, i.e. pull it towards your nose. Try not to wrinkle your forehead and relax your face.

Language

"Horse". Clack your tongue like you did as a child. This is especially good for those who have problems with the "r" and "l" sound. If done correctly, you should have a vibration between the palate and the middle of the tongue. This exercise teaches the middle of the tongue to work.

"Painter". The exercise is especially suitable for correcting the "r" and "l" sounds in those with a short sublingual frenum. Imagine that your tongue is a brush with which you draw a line from the teeth along the entire upper palate to the movable uvula, pressing your tongue tightly against the "canvas".

"Sword". For working out the cheeks and lips from the inside. Tighten your tongue like a mini skewer and lick your lips from the inside - slowly running your tongue over your upper and lower jaw. The tension "turns on" the tip and base of the tongue.

"Boat". Helps to correct the pronunciation of the "h" sound. The lateral muscles of the tongue are raised and the tongue protrudes from the mouth. At the same time, you do not need to pronounce the sound - this way you make the "lazy" muscles of the tongue jump, which were not previously involved in speaking. It has been noticed that 90% of people who do not know how to say "h" do not know how to make a boat.

Jaws

"Nutcracker". Open your mouth as wide as possible. Do it very slowly. Then slowly close your mouth.

"Shifts". Push your jaw forward without straining your lips. Then separately to the right and separately to the left. Aerobatics - make a retractable circular motion with the jaw clockwise and counterclockwise. To begin with, try to make a movement in a square, gradually turning it into a small oval.

To minimize all injuries, because your jaw is not used to stress, perform all exercises with your mouth open or parted.

When there is no time

If you need to work on articulation in the absence of time, in the morning before an important meeting, then do the following exercises.

1. Write all the consonants of the alphabet in a row and choose any word with the letter "b" (or a difficult word for you to pronounce). For example, "barrel". Then say this word, changing the first letter: "barrel, warrel, garrel ...".

And if you want to additionally say goodbye to nasalism, then close your nostrils with your fingers, inhale through your mouth, and opening your mouth as much as possible, say the same thing. So all the air will come out exclusively through the mouth.

Walk through the alphabet back and forth. You will immediately sound differently and better - you will wake up the speech apparatus, almost all sounds will sound correctly.

2. Substitute in turn all the consonants for the vowels "and", "e", "a," "o", "y", "s". Run through the alphabet and you will sound much more convincing in the morning meeting.

Breathing technique

The ability to breathe correctly is the most important in speech technique and oratory. Breathing is performed in parallel with the setting of sounds and pumping of the muscles of the lips, tongue and jaw.

How to breathe correctly

Inhale only through the nose, exhale only through the mouth. Ideally, sounds are generated along with the exhalation.

As you inhale, completely relax your abdominal muscles and diaphragm. Remember how children breathe, sticking out their belly? Do the same without straining - and a relaxed belly will become a container for the air that is so necessary in the process of speaking. In such a belly, the muscles of the diaphragm easily flex and let air in.

As you exhale, draw in your abdomen, thus bending the diaphragm to the other side and thereby releasing the air. Otherwise, you take in air, strain, quickly pronounce the necessary and only then exhale - which is completely wrong.

Always remember: inhale - on a relaxed stomach, exhale with a tightening of the abdomen.

Working out inhalation and exhalation

There are a huge number of breathing techniques, and they are all based on working out the diaphragm. And their common key point is that after doing any exercise for inhalation, you must do the exercise for exhalation.

When you are just starting to practice breathing techniques, always take water with you to prevent hyperventilation. If you feel uncomfortable and dizzy, just drink some water and breathe calmly.

Breathe in. Imagine that you have three bags of coffee in front of you. You were allowed to sniff them all and pick one. You need to understand what kind of coffee you like the most and fully get saturated with its aroma. Take one forced exhale, and then inhale sharply three times so that there is a pull in the chest. The stomach is relaxed, remember! Then, pulling up your stomach, exhale calmly.

Exhalation. First, prepare for the exercise - to get rid of excess air on the previous breath, i.e. hyperventilation, you need to make a forced exhalation. With sharp movements, as if with a pump, exhale the air along with the sound "f", sharply drawing in the stomach with each movement.

And now you can do the exercise: take a deep breath with your nose and on the exhale divided into three, pulling up your stomach, blow out three candles on an imaginary cake. Each candle with a separate portion of air. The trick is to leave a little more air in your lungs so you can inhale gently and not gasp for air. Some may divide one exhalation into 12 parts.

General relaxation. If you are nervous, take a deep breath, taking in small portions of air for 4 counts, and slowly, in one motion, release the air. Then inhale deeply in one movement, then, breaking the exhalation into 4 counts, push the air out in small jerks.

1) Do not rush to do everything quickly, so as not to harm yourself.

2) Look at yourself in the mirror while doing the exercises. Control the correctness of the execution until you bring it to automatism. The brain always draws its own algorithms for performing a task, so you can do it wrong without knowing it.

4) Don't be afraid to articulate. The vowel sounds not only begin to sound louder, but also gain in strength if you open your mouth wide.

5) Speak short notes on different sounds regularly. Or, for example, collect your favorite tongue twisters into one phrase and learn it. Pronounce it slowly - this way you will make your speech apparatus better, learn to pronounce the words clearly.

6) Do not strive to get results in one day. Muscles need to be trained, and this will take at least 21 days.

Correct speech is one of the most important features that characterize an educated, cultured person. Unfortunately, it must be admitted that beautiful speech has now lost ground. But you can, if you wish, learn to speak correctly and beautifully.

Brevity, simplicity, literacy

These are the basics of correct speech and literate speech. Over time, people have forgotten how to speak correctly for a number of reasons, starting with the widespread decline of culture in the 90s. This needs to be learned again. At least because competent speech not only positively characterizes a person, but also helps in communicating with other people. Imagine: you are talking to a person who abuses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue communicating with him? Unlikely.

Everyone can learn to speak beautifully. The richness of the language allows you to describe any objects with the utmost accuracy. It is not at all necessary that the speech be verbose. After all, a narration that is too long, even a beautiful and imaginative one, is very tiring and sometimes annoying. Therefore, it must be remembered that one of the main requirements for correct and beautiful speech is brevity. It is necessary to quickly move to the main point of the issue, not to delay the introduction, not to be distracted by unnecessary trifles. Then your story will have the right effect.

Of course, you need to speak competently. A person who often makes mistakes in stress or uses words incorrectly is absolutely not disposed to himself. For example, all business speech can be crossed out with the word “lay down”, instead of the correct “lay down”. In the same way, the boss who misstresses words "Document", "quarter", is unlikely to arouse the disposition and trust of business partners.

Techniques for the correct formulation of speech

For those who want to speak beautifully, various techniques give every opportunity to:

• Correct breathing. Taking a deep breath, you will master breathing support while pronouncing vowels and consonants at a slow pace, pronouncing every syllable and every word. This helps to use all shades of the tongue.
• Oratory. Smooth speech, correct articulation, clear sounding force the listener to listen even more attentively to the narrator. Competently delivered speech includes training using tongue twisters, whispers, artificially fast pronunciation.
• Brief, accurate presentation. Practice expressing your thoughts concisely.
• Logics. When communicating or speaking, you need to follow the logic of the narrative, cause-and-effect relationships. The logic of thinking and storytelling is based on general education and a broad outlook.

By using language training exercises, you will automatically expand communication, gain professional confidence, and learn the art of persuasion and easy manipulation of listeners.

Exercises for setting correct and beautiful speech will be useful in setting breathing, voice, in controlling resonators, in strengthening voice strength and endurance, enriching intonation, and working out the correct tempo of diction. How do you learn to speak great? The answer is simple - patiently practice the technique.

Lessons for setting correct breathing

Phonation breathing is an important factor in the correctness of speaking. The diaphragm, the muscle that delimits the thoracic region from the abdominal region, and the muscles that control the movement of the ribs during breathing, are "responsible" for inhalation. The most natural position for comfortable breathing is lying on your back with muscles completely relaxed.

Sit back on your back. One hand on the stomach, the other on the chest. Try to inhale so that your chest remains motionless and your stomach rises. Exhale slowly and repeat this exercise until the abdominal breathing is easy and without tension. This breathing should be a habit. Moreover, such an exercise will well cheer you up from sleep.

Of course, to achieve the dream of the beauty of the word, just the right breathing is not all you need. Most often, the problem lies at the psychological level. This can be a fear of the public, residual memories from visits to a speech therapist in childhood, or simply an inability to interest the interlocutor.

All this can be easily dealt with with the help of simple lessons of correct speech:

If you feel self-doubt, it is quite difficult to communicate and loosen up in front of the interlocutor.

There are several steps to be taken to free yourself from fear:

• acknowledge the difficulties and prepare for the long work of getting rid of worries;
• understand the reason (you may even have to resort to a psychologist);
• survive a difficult situation, let go of the past forever and enjoy the present;
• start communicating - only methodical overcoming of your fears will allow you to learn how to communicate with people (you can mentally come up with plans, for example, 10 long conversations and 20 short conversations in public transport or in a queue);
• if it is difficult to immediately start conversations in the company, you can first communicate by phone (at least there will be no external manifestations);
• when training runs smoothly, you can take the initiative in dating the opposite sex.

But still, there are people who are naturally modest, and there is no need to suffer because of this. Modesty is not a vice! Work on yourself, on personal development, improve the skills of correct speech when communicating, try to be open and sociable.