When organizing the working area of a hairdresser, one must be guided not only by considerations of aesthetics and common sense, but also by legislative standards. All the norms that the state requires to comply with are prescribed in SanPiN 2.1.2.1199-03 “Hairdressing. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, equipment and maintenance.
Requirements for the organization of the workplace
Lighting
One of the most important factors for successful work is the lighting of the hairdresser's workplace. If there are windows in the room, then it is better to install workplaces closer to them, of course, provided that the window openings are large and let in enough light. But in the absence of windows or in bad weather conditions, artificial light is indispensable. Properly selected lamps will create favorable conditions for work:
- The right light does not tire the eyesight, the master keeps working longer.
- Hair color during dyeing and cutting is not distorted, which allows you to get an excellent result. The master sees all the nuances of his work.
Light must be diffused. Lamps are installed in such a way that the light does not “hit” the eyes of the hairdresser and the client, and does not create glare and shadows. The light, with the correct arrangement of the lamps, illuminates the client in the chair, but does not fall on the mirror. It is worth installing additional lamps at each workplace to adjust the illumination.
The ideal lighting for a beauty salon is fluorescent diode lamps with a color rendering index CRI of 90 and an illumination level of 500 lux.
Temperature regime
The comfort of the visitor and the hairdresser is determined by the microclimate in the room. If the cabin is cold, then customers who are forced to sit still in one position may freeze. And the heat and stuffiness will make the haircut process tiring for the master and visitors. The optimum temperature of 22°C is maintained by air conditioners or heaters. Moreover, it is necessary to think over their location in advance so that they do not interfere with the installation of furniture and evenly cool or warm the entire room.
Do not forget that the room must be regularly ventilated. A high concentration of paint vapors and styling products should not cause nausea and headaches. You can use special hoods above each workplace or a centralized ventilation system.
Area and dimensions
The area of the room should provide a free location of the workplaces of hairdressers, a passage between them and quick access to the equipment. The working area is located within a radius of 0.9 m from the chair. So that two masters do not interfere with each other during customer service, the chairs must be at least 1.8 meters apart. In the case of installation against a wall, the distance between them is at least 0.7 m. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe workplace should be 4.5 meters. According to the norms, the ceiling height cannot be less than 2.7 m. You also need to remember that the hairdresser must have a separate entrance. The more spacious the room, the easier it is to stay in it for a long time and arrange all the necessary furniture and equipment.
Hairdresser workplace equipment
Mirror
This is the most important attribute of the workplace in a beauty salon. With its help, the client observes the work of the master and sees the result. In order for the process of cutting or styling to give visitors pleasure, the mirror must meet several criteria:
- The size. The minimum mirror size is 0.6x1 m. The larger, the better. The master also needs to have a hand mirror in stock, of a convenient shape and size, in order to show the work done from all sides.
- Illumination. It's great if the mirror is backlit. Especially if makeup is done with the hair. Otherwise, there should be a source of diffused daylight near the mirror.
- The quality of the mirror surface. No defects: scratches, haze or distortion. A bad mirror distorts the reflection, so the client will not be able to see the real result of the hairdresser's work.
- The appearance of the mirror, its shape and frame are selected according to the design of the room, but do not forget that too pretentious design will distract and tire visitors.
The mirror must be securely fastened to the wall so that it does not injure the master or the client, falling down with a careless push.
Armchair for the client
Beauty stores offer a huge range of chairs. This is correct, because during a visit to the salon, the client can spend several hours sitting without the opportunity to get up or change his posture. When choosing a chair, consider the following factors:
- The convenience of use. The chair is height adjustable, the backrest reclines and the headrests can be removed. It is easy to move or fix in one place.
- Visitor comfort. The chair should have medium firmness and a comfortable back. The presence of a footrest and comfortable armrests will also be a plus. For children, special child seats can be purchased. And if you need a more economical option or there is no extra space, then you can use an overlay-pouffe, which is installed in an adult chair.
- Practicality. The upholstery and its parts must be resistant to damage. It is best to choose waterproof coatings that are not afraid of exposure to water, paints and other cosmetics.
For masters who care about the health of the legs and back, you can purchase a saddle chair. It does not have armrests and backrest, easily moves in any direction and does not restrict movement.
To provide a full range of hairdressing services, it is necessary to equip the room with sinks. Therefore, it is necessary to think in advance about the supply of hot and cold water, sewerage, and the location of pipes.
The client should be comfortable in the process of washing his head, so it is better to choose models of sinks with recesses for the head or soft pads. A special chair can be attached to the sink, this option is much more practical. If the sink is spacious and equipped with a shower head, then washing thick hair will be much easier.
In a barbershop for 3 masters, at least 1 sink is required. It is good when each workplace will be equipped with an individual sink. In this case, visitors do not have to wait in line to wash their hair.
Furniture
The set of furniture needed by the master is not limited to a mirror, an armchair and a sink. To accommodate materials and toolsused by the hairdresser, the workplace is equipped with cabinets, carts on wheels, tables and racks.
Tables are located near the mirror, they usually store the main set of tools and styling products. A cabinet with drawers will allow the master to store rarely used items. A trolley on wheels is needed to move it towards you if necessary, and not to run to the table for tools. Paints, towels, peignoirs, and other consumables are placed on the shelves.
Furniture coatings must be resistant to chemicals so that they last for a long time without losing their attractive appearance.
You should not save and buy uncomfortable furniture made from cheap materials. Poor-quality chairs not only reduce the efficiency of the hairdresser, but can also cause injuries.
Important rules for organizing the workplace of a hairdresser
Disinfection of the workplace of the hairdresser
The organization of the workplace of a hairdresser should be started only after studying the specifics of the work of the masters who will work in the beauty salon. You should not buy too much, but from the necessary equipment you need to choose the best in terms of price-quality ratio. Comfortable furniture will allow the master to show a high level of skill, without experiencing inconvenience in the process. And the client will appreciate the atmosphere created taking into account his needs and comfort.
Anyone who buys or rents a space to organize a hairdressing salon is faced with the need to equip workplaces. This issue should be given close attention at the very initial stage, since the further functioning and attendance of the beauty salon depends on the correct approach to ensuring the convenience of specialists and visitors.
All workplaces in one hairdressing salon are designed in the same style, colors, according to one general rule. In addition to convenience, when organizing a workplace for a hairdresser, it is necessary to take into account labor protection requirements. These requirements in each salon are developed individually, based on the specifics of the services provided. The developed requirements are drawn up in a special instruction, which is introduced to all masters against signature.
According to the current legislation, the hairdresser must be given a special uniform and personal protective equipment, which he must use during his work.
Workplace design
The design of the workplace begins with its configuration with the necessary equipment.
First of all, a table with bedside tables and drawers, mirrors and chairs for clients are purchased.
Armchairs should be comfortable both for visitors and for the craftsmen working with them. They can be with one or three levers. Armchairs with three levers are more functional: the first lever raises the seat, the second lowers it, and the third turns it to the sides. For the convenience of visitors, the chairs are equipped with a special footrest.
The chair is installed in such a way that the light does not fall on the mirror, but on the client himself. By the way, high-quality artificial lighting is an integral element of the hairdresser's workplace, which ensures high-quality and professional work.
The distance between the chair and the hairdresser's working area should not exceed 90 centimeters, the distance between two chairs should be at least 180 centimeters. According to sanitary standards, the total area of the workplace of a hairdresser, with an armchair and a table, should be at least 4.5 square meters. m.
Hairdresser's working tools are placed on the table and in special cabinets. Sharp instruments are stored in one drawer, towels and napkins in others. All items should be in their places so that each master can quickly find the right equipment. The items that the hairdresser uses most often should be closest to him, to minimize the number of movements and fatigue.
Requirements for the organization of the workplace
When organizing a place to work, production factors that directly affect the work of a hairdresser should be taken into account.
These are factors such as:
- features of the use of power tools;
- air temperature rising due to the operation of hair dryers and heating appliances;
- increased voltage in the mains;
- prolonged static physical activity (standing work);
- contact with chemicals (varnishes, synthetic detergents, etc.).
Taking into account these factors, the organization of jobs takes place.
To avoid overheating, the room is equipped with air conditioners (the average temperature should not be higher than 22 degrees Celsius).
In winter, the air temperature is regulated by heating devices.
Armchairs, bedside tables and mirrors must be of high quality, as they contain many small details that affect their operation. As soon as some fixture fails, the bedside tables will stop closing, and liquids will begin to spill.
It is advisable to purchase large mirrors: in them, customers will be able to see not only new hairstyles, but also their entire new image, combined with clothing details. In addition, large mirrors visually expand the boundaries of the room and increase the total area of the hall.
Work organization rules
Only those hairdressers who have passed mandatory medical examinations can be allowed to work. This makes it possible to exclude the admission to work of persons for whom this type of activity is contraindicated, and to prevent the spread of viral diseases.
Each hairdresser must follow a certain set of rules:
- scissors are stored in special cases in which, if necessary, they are transferred to other craftsmen;
- if the workplace is contaminated with any substances (shampoos, solutions), work stops until they are removed;
- electrical appliances should be turned off after 30 minutes of continuous operation to avoid overheating and damage;
- do not turn on electrical appliances with wet hands;
- in the event of a breakdown of the devices, the operation of the equipment and the supply of electricity to it are stopped;
- when coloring hair, you need to use means to protect your hands;
- perm is done at a workplace equipped with an exhaust hood;
- after completion of work, all electrical appliances are disconnected from the network, containers with solutions are tightly closed with lids, the equipment is disinfected and cleaned in specially designated places.
It should be remembered that the hairdresser must keep the workplace clean, sweep the cut hair, clean up spilled liquids and do everything to make the hairdresser comfortable for both employees and clients.
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Today, many representatives of the fair sex often visit various beauty salons. To choose the right place to change their appearance, women and girls pay attention to the atmosphere. It is worth noting that the interior of the barbershop should be carefully selected. After all, the future depends on the appearance, that is, the existence of a beauty salon. The description and general characteristics of the process will help you understand many details.
To create a cozy and colorful environment inside the premises, it is necessary to think through all the smallest details, as the client loves comfort, and the atmosphere in the beauty salon should be comfortable for every hairdresser. After all, you need to create a new image in a pleasant environment. Before moving on to the visitors, let's take a closer look at the stylist's workplace, which, in turn, spends most of the time at this place.
Each stylist, before starting his work, must find a special equipped place for various procedures. A beautiful, comfortable and aesthetic place will help the hairdresser to perform and recreate any newfangled hairstyle or styling. At the same time, the comfort of visitors must be taken into account. It should also be emphasized that the space must be free. Since the room should not be too small to move around the beauty salon. Naturally, all the necessary tools should be at hand, in a convenient location.
To date, the hairdressing industry has undergone tremendous changes. Modern technology and equipment allow you to create the latest images. Therefore, many hairdressers have acquired additional tools. Naturally, for all these products it is necessary to allocate a certain place. So, let's take a closer look and explain how to properly equip and furnish a beauty salon.
Secrets of the salon. How to equip the workplace of a hairdresser. Natalya Lisova
Workplace design
Everyone knows that every hairdresser requires special equipment. Therefore, before opening a beauty salon, a full-fledged organization is carried out. That is, a list of all the necessary accessories and tools is compiled, which should first be purchased. The right strategy will help in the implementation of the plan and, accordingly, all the necessary tools will be purchased in a short period of time. Now let's talk about what you need to consider during the arrangement of space.
1. First of all, great importance is given to lighting. It is very important to purchase high-quality LEDs, which, in turn, will completely illuminate the entire room. After all, light plays an important role. Accordingly, the creation of a hairdresser depends on good light. Of course, the client should be completely satisfied with the appearance. If the light is too dim, then, therefore, the master will not be able to complete his work at 100%.
Many professionals prefer to work in daylight (fluorescent LEDs). It is advisable to open a beauty salon in a location where sunlight enters and, accordingly, there are large windows. The use of large mirrors is encouraged to reflect daylight well. However, in winter, the light does not enter the room, so you will have to get good and high-quality LED lamps and fixtures.
Artificial lighting is the best option for attracting numerous visitors. It is worth considering that artificial light should be too bright, but in order not to completely spoil your vision, it is desirable if the light is also diffused. According to experts, you can purchase 2 or 3 lamps. Proper lighting will provide any master with professional and high-quality work.
2. No less important is the temperature regime at the workplace of the hairdresser. There is a huge chance that in the summer it will be too hot and stuffy in the beauty salon, and in the winter it will be too cold. At the same time, the space should be provided with high-quality and reliable heaters. You can purchase an air conditioner or install batteries, it all depends on your financial capabilities. But if you are going to be successful, then it is better to make the right calculation and purchase the necessary devices and equipment.
It is also worth noting that the room should be free from the accumulation of various chemicals and, of course, from the accumulation of vapors. Therefore, modern devices perfectly cope with their functions and provide comfortable conditions, saving the space from chemicals and harmful substances for health. It is important to know that the average temperature in the room should not exceed more than twenty-two degrees Celsius. Thus, everyone will be comfortable and convenient.
3. The most important and necessary attributes are a table, an armchair and, of course, a mirror. Thanks to the soft swivel mechanism, the seat will rotate in the right direction. The stylist will be able to independently adjust the height. Naturally, the chair should be as comfortable as possible. It is worth paying attention to an important detail: for example, the armrests should not be too rigid so as not to cause discomfort.
Today, many manufacturers produce ultra-modern and very comfortable chairs with a comfortable footrest. Despite the fact that the cost is a little high, many people prefer to buy only such models. It must be remembered that any chair you purchase must be sheathed with waterproof upholstery.
The dressing table should have pull-out convenient drawers. If you need more storage space for accessories, then you can build additional drawers on the sides. A large mirror hangs in the central part of the dressing table. Everyone knows that a mirror performs an important task, so hairdressers select this attribute very carefully. If you hang the mirror strictly in the center with a stand, then at the top you can put various cosmetics that are necessary during the haircut or styling.
A well-chosen mirror regulates the situation from different angles. That is, the client can see his haircut from all sides. Therefore, before purchasing a mirror, you must carefully check the surface, as it must be perfectly flat. A mirror with scratches can spoil the look of the room. It is generally not recommended to buy a small mirror, as the room will immediately become uncomfortable. It is worth noting that a quality mirror is not cheap. Therefore, you should not save on this extremely important subject.
Therefore, the hairdresser's equipment is selected with full seriousness and responsibility. After all, the final work depends on these attributes. Expensive beauty salons, before starting work, take into account all the nuances. Naturally, they also take into account all the dimensions of the space. The organization of the arrangement of the premises requires considerable effort and, of course, money.
Beauty Salon Interior Design - Golden Home - Issue #5
Occupational Health and Safety Instructions
This section will also discuss safety in the hairdresser. It is important to know that many stylists have to deal with various challenges in their workplace. Various injuries, scratches always haunt even the most experienced hairdressers. All these troubles can be caused by lack of time. For example, you can get hurt by taking scissors in a hurry, etc.
Therefore, safety equipment will help to cope with any difficulties. If you follow the basic rules in the workplace, you can avoid injury. Many people wonder what is safety technology. First, compliance with fire safety plays a major role. It is necessary to acquire fire extinguishers - in the event of a fire, serious consequences can be eliminated. And secondly, it is necessary to observe electrical safety. Using tools such as hair dryers, curling irons, dryers, and other hot devices can cause electrical problems. Therefore, you need to purchase high-quality devices so as not to run into problems. That's what safety engineering is.
Safety is an important and serious element in any workplace. By following all the requirements, you can reduce serious consequences to zero. According to experts, you can not take power tools with wet hands. It is also worth noting that safety precautions include a mandatory medical examination. Without a medical book, an employer has no right to hire even the most experienced and professional hairdresser. All employees of the beauty salon must wear special clothing in the workplace.
Given all the sizes and standards, you can open a rather cozy and comfortable beauty salon for both employees and visitors. It is worth noting that safety precautions must be observed under all circumstances.
Hairdressing textbook
- Introduction
- Organization of premises in hairdressing salons and types of equipment
- Characteristics of hairdressing salons
- Equipment
- Organization of the workplace of a hairdresser
- Visitor Service Rules
- Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the maintenance of the premises
- Room lighting requirements
- Heating and ventilation requirements
- test questions
- General information about hair
- Hair types and texture
- Hair wash technology
- head massage technology
- test questions
- The concept and purpose of perfumery
- Basic information about chemistry
- vitamins
- Perfumes, colognes, toilet waters, lotions and shampoos
- The effect of the chemical composition on the hair
- test questions
- fixtures
- Cutting tool
- Scissors
- Hair clippers
- Razors
- Combing tool (combs)
- Hair styling and curling tool
- curlers
- Forceps
- Bobbins
- test questions
- Haircut basics
- Basic concepts of haircuts
- Characteristics of the main areas of the head
- The classic version of a simple haircut
- Other options for a simple haircut
- The main types of simple haircuts
- "Relatives" haircuts "simple"
- Hair growth on NZZ
- Combining or compiling a haircut
- Recommendations
- Recommendations (2)
- Appendix
- From the author
- Introduction to coloring
- Physiology of hair and coloring
- Identification of natural hair color
- Hue and saturation
- Determination of natural color level and tone
- Paint selection
- Choice of level, tone and color intensity
- Eye and skin color analysis
- Color Theory:
- Chroma law
- Dye to create natural hair color
- Hair dye classification:
- Temporary dyes (for temporary changes in hair color)
- Semi-permanent (or semi-permanent) dyes
- Demi-permanent dyes
- Permanent dyes
- Natural dyes and dyes containing metal salts
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Hair lightening
- Types of clarifiers
- Action of clarifiers
- The role of natural pigment
- Time factor
- Lightening uncolored hair
- Lightening regrown hair
- Uneven lighting
- Toners
- Regrown hair coloring
- Special Effects
- Consultation
- Preliminary test for hypersensitivity
- Carrying out a preliminary test for hypersensitivity
- Hair coloring procedures
- Gray hair: problems and solutions
- test questions
- The mechanism of changing the shape of hair during perm
- Stages of perm
- Perm technology:
- Basic methods and techniques of perm hair. Classic perm
- Mistakes when performing a perm, causing negative consequences
- Permed hair care
- test questions
- General information about laying
- The main elements of the hairstyle
- Hair styling products
- Hairstyle choice:
- Hairstyle classification
- Modeling hairstyles depending on the shape of the face
- Cold hair styling
- Hair styling with curlers
- Hair styling with a hair dryer
- Hair styling with electric tongs
- Combing and blunting
- test questions
Introduction
Hairdressing is one of the oldest types of human activity, which is primarily aimed at improving (decorating) his appearance. The development and improvement of hairdressing is closely related to the evolution of human society, changing living conditions, and raising the level of general culture. From century to century, in different historical periods, man created new household items that reflected his ideas about beauty, individual taste and the general concept of the aesthetic ideal inherent in a particular era. Clothing, jewelry and hairstyles also changed. Depending on natural conditions, the position of a person in society and a number of other factors, each nation formed its own specific style and traditions, which were reflected in clothes and hairstyles. In each era, paying tribute to fashion, masters of hairdressing created new forms, lines and decorative elements of hairstyles.
Concepts of beauty have changed over the centuries, and what seemed beautiful in one period, later looked ugly and vice versa. This was most noticeable in the costume and hairstyles, which are closely related to the appearance of people.
Ancient Greek women dyed their hair light brown with a red tint and made magnificent beautiful hairstyles out of them - korimbos. So, in antiquity in Ancient Greece, hairstyles from long curled hair were laid in cone-shaped bundles, hair was arranged in waves or small curls, while leaving the distance between the eyebrows and the beginning of hair growth to the width of two fingers, because. according to the aesthetic concepts of those times, it was believed that the female forehead should be low. In the ancient world, the empress was the trendsetter for hairstyles. Court ladies and noble Roman matrons imitated her. With the advent of German slave women, blond hair becomes fashionable. During the late Middle Ages (XIV century), various hair dyes were widely used, except for red, because. the red color was considered the curse of the devil.
In the middle of the 16th century, an enlarged hairstyle was considered beautiful. To do this, the hair was whipped with a blunt. Fake hair was added as needed. To create a hairstyle, various devices were used: a wire frame, ribbons, hoops.
In the future, natural hair was replaced by a wig hanging on the shoulders and back in thick strands. This wig has been around for a long time.
In Russia, women and girls wore braids or loose hair. In the old days in Russia there was a rule: girls wore one braid, braided low at the back of the head and decorated with a ribbon. Having married, a woman twisted a girl's braid into two on the wedding day and put them around her head with a crown. From that time on, she was obliged to wear a headscarf all her life so that men - both strangers and family members - could not see her hair.
In the upper classes, hair curled into curls. Later, long braids were braided at the crown and decorated below with ribbons, silk, gold, pearl tassels, triangular pendants and other decorations. Separate strands were tied with colored laces, for girls of the upper classes with gold or pearl threads. Ribbons were worn on the forehead, including serrated, wide, on a solid basis, in which various decorations were sometimes hung - tassels, strands of pearls, rings. The crown was decorated on the forehead below - with a grid with pendants, precious stones.
With the advent of the Art Nouveau style (the beginning of the 20th century), the natural hair color is reversed with the help of intense dyes. Fashionable is the hairstyle high, cone-shaped, curled in wide waves, descending low on the forehead, or smooth, in the middle. With wavy hair hanging low on her cheeks.
Silhouettes and forms of hairstyles were repeated after a certain time. So, the hairstyles of Ancient Rome began to be worn in the 19th century throughout Europe, and wigs 200 years later in the 60s of the 20th century. Each time introduced something new, there was no exact copying. The development of the main forms of clothing and hairstyles took place in direct connection with socio-economic, natural conditions, aesthetic and moral requirements, general artistic style, and fashion.
Cultural, business ties, which began to develop successfully with many countries of the world, had a great influence on fashion and hair style. In the 1950s, the hairstyles of French popular film actresses Brigitte Bardot and Marina Vlady came into fashion. These hairstyles differed from each other, but they were united by one thing - a common recognition among women from different countries.
In the 60s, hairstyles became more monolithic. Bouffant has come into fashion. Hairstyles have increased in size, volume has appeared. They lacked small details. The shape of the hairstyle could expand or decrease. For this, cut strands, crepe, soft synthetic fibers were used. During this period, hairstyles such as "bell", "clover", "ponytail" come into fashion, colors resembling metals are fashionable: copper, bronze, silver, brass.
In the second half of the twentieth century, they began to wear hairstyles with fluffy hair, imitating the heroine of the film "The Witch" performed by the French actress Marina Vlady. Freely falling wave blond hair has become fashionable for a long time.
In the 70s, the fashion for wigs faded, and "small" hairstyles with a geometric haircut returned. The new wave was especially clearly manifested in the Gavroche hairstyle. Bouffant has finally gone out of fashion.
The next popular hairstyle was the “pageboy” hairstyle, in which the haircut was made uneven, at the top, above the forehead shorter, from the temples, to the neck longer. Becomes fashionable natural "hair movement". This is evident in the method of the new haircut of the English hairdresser Vidal Sassoon. All of his hairstyles are characterized by a simple, but at the same time refined movement of the hair. At the end of the twentieth century, two main trends were defined in general fashion: folk style (country style), paramilitary style during the war and post-war years (military style).
In the last decade, hairstyles have changed. The voluminous forms of hairstyles were replaced by smoother, small hairstyles with lush bangs. Hairstyles have become more modest. Smooth hair from the parting fit into elegant small buns. Sometimes nets are put on the hair, intertwined with colored cords. Adding to the hairstyle are chignons, dyed lighter or darker than the natural color of the hair. They wear wigs, but they are not much different from natural hairstyles.
In modern fashion, a small touch is of great importance, giving a special charm to hairstyles - it can be a corrugated strand on smooth hair, disheveled bangs, highlighted highlights. Extra fashionable shiny, even sparkling hair, which is achieved with the help of varnishes, emulsions and bleaching.
Hairpins made of metal, tortoiseshell, silk, nylon, chiffon, satin and other bows, black velvet, nets, starched flowers to match the color of the dress, ribbons, cords are in fashion. Modern fashion is so many-sided that everyone can choose a hairstyle that he likes and suits.
Fashion designers today are trying to predict what hairstyles will be in the next century. In Japan, the best hairdressers decided to "construct" a masterpiece of 2084. The press responded about this work of art as follows: "... something between a loose peacock's tail and a flower bed"
Modern masters of hair design (fashion designers, hairdressers) take into account the fashion trends of today, while using the rich historical experience of hairdressing at the same time. Developing their projects and creating models of modern hairstyles, they use individual elements of hairstyles of past centuries.
To make a person's appearance more attractive is one of the goals of hairdressing. You can strictly obey the laws of fashion, of which there are many, but never achieve this goal, if you do not take into account one important truth: each person has his own individual style.
Salons - hairdressing salons provide many types of services, with the help of which professionals - masters of hairdressing help to form one or another image of a person, emphasizing his individuality and attractiveness. The profession of a hairdresser is one of the main and prestigious in the service sector.
Hairdressing is a technology of hairdressing, which includes a number of technological operations for the treatment of hair.
Hairdressing combines several main types of work with hair: washing, drying, cutting, curling, coloring, styling, making and using hair styling products (wigs, braids, hairpieces, etc.), in which many different methods, methods and techniques are used. hair care products.
Practical persistent hairstyles that take into account both the current requirements of fashion and the individual traits of a person and create harmony in the image have a great influence on the well-being and mental state of a person.
The ability to achieve an exemplary hygienic condition of the hair and scalp, choose a hairstyle that matches the type of face, veil possible flaws in appearance and emphasize its individuality - all this is the main task in mastering hairdressing.
The profession "Hairdresser" is intended to perform specific types of work with hair while serving the adult and children's population in hairdressing salons of various types (specialized, salons).
The nature of the work of a hairdresser depends on the type of services provided, the specialization of hairdressing salons and their halls (women's, men's), specific forms of work organization and methods of customer service (service by appointment, at home, provision of additional types of services, etc.), as well as on the applied technologies, materials and means of special purpose.
The choice of a profession is the most important event in the life of every person, and this happens at an age when life experience is just beginning to take shape, guidelines are not yet too accurate and the probability of error is high. To avoid mistakes, you need to know what is the complexity of a particular profession? What are the psychological requirements for her? What abilities should a person who has chosen a particular profession have? Also, when choosing a profession, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of one's character and temperament, the degree of emotional excitability, impressionability, energy, etc.
The main requirements for the profession "Hairdresser" are:
- being in good health;
- high sensitivity to color and shades;
- good coordination of hand movements;
- good vision;
- observation;
- excerpt;
- stress tolerance;
- the ability to organize your workplace.
To master this profession, knowledge from different subject areas is required: chemistry, materials science, drawing, hair history, art history, communication culture, etc.
The profession of a hairdresser should be chosen by people with a creative nature and a sufficiently developed aesthetic taste, in addition, they should have such personal qualities as sensitivity, attentiveness, responsiveness, as well as the ability to analyze the situation and the ability to find an individual approach to each client.
The hairdresser should also have the following qualities:
- developed visual memory and operational thinking;
- the ability to quickly navigate and make the right decision in conflict situations;
- tact, goodwill, discipline;
- sociability, responsiveness;
- respect for clients;
- the ability to correctly assess the actions of the client and their actions, the ability to foresee their consequences.
The hairdresser must have certain knowledge of psychology, ethics, aesthetics and law. This information is necessary in his practical work for the correct choice of rational customer service tactics.
Each client who applied to the hairdressing salon is unique and unrepeatable in its own way. For successful service, the hairdresser must learn to understand clients and communicate professionally with them. When solving this problem, it is necessary to be able to identify and take into account such traits of the client's character as independence and determination, lack of initiative and passivity, goodwill and captiousness, talkativeness and taciturnity.
Along with the temperament and character of the client being served, one should also take into account his gender, age, state of health and behavior.
The most important indicator in assessing the success of a hairdresser and the level of his skill is his professional behavior.
Professional behavior, like dress code, is designed to distinguish a service worker from those present in the salon.
Certain requirements are imposed on the professional behavior of a service worker. So, for example, he must be friendly and hospitable. These qualities should underlie the behavior of a hairdresser, although this is not so easy to achieve. In response to the hospitality and warm attitude, most customers behave in a similar way. They become more benevolent and trusting in relation to service personnel. In order to arouse the client's disposition, one must try to show him his sincere interest in his concerns, singling him out of the general mass of those present at the time of service. From the first minutes of staying in the hairdressing salon, the client should feel welcome. This can be evidenced even by the tone of the conversation between the hairdresser and the client. The success of the service often depends on the form in which the conversation is conducted with the client. We can say that the behavior of a service worker is in many ways similar to the game of an actor.
Professional skill allows the hairdresser to be not just a performer of his work, but also to treat it creatively. A good hairdresser is able to quickly understand the client's desire, even if the client himself does not quite clearly state his request about the nature of the haircut and hairstyle. A true hairdressing professional must be able to perform a haircut or hairstyle that meets the requirements of modern fashion, taking into account the individual characteristics of the client. This is the distinctive feature of hairdressing - a hairstyle should emphasize the individuality of a person, be in harmony with his appearance and at the same time correspond to the spirit of the times.
Hairdressing services are among the most in demand in everyday life and have the largest volume in the service market.
- Organization of premises in hairdressing salons and types of equipment
o Characteristics of hairdressing salons
Typically, hairdressing salons are located either in separate buildings or on the ground floors of residential buildings, consumer services, hostels, hotels, railway stations, large enterprises. At present, leading European, American and French firms (Vella, Barbers, Jacques Dessange, etc.) are participating in the creation of new salons.
Depending on the equipment used, perfumery and cosmetic materials and technologies, as well as the qualifications of employees, all existing enterprises in this area are divided into three main categories: luxury salon, hairdressing salon, hairdressing salon.
1. Luxury salon. The enterprises of this group provide the most complex complex hairdressing and cosmetic services. In such exclusive salons, there is a merger of hairdressing and cosmetic services with medical and wellness.
The luxury salon is distinguished by a wide range of services (at least 15-20), including cosmetic and consulting services, as well as computer-assisted selection of hairstyles. Here they do exclusive hairstyles, makeup, manicures, pedicures, nail extensions. The luxury salons use the latest technology, advanced technological equipment and tools.
In the luxury salon, at least 25% of hairdressers must be qualified as a fashion designer - artist, and the rest - hairdresser of the 1st and 2nd class.
2. Salon - hairdresser. The enterprises of this category use branded equipment and materials. Fashion designers work in them - artists and hairdressers of the 1st and 2nd class (at least 50% of the total). The cost of service in such salons is lower than in luxury salons.
Salon-barbershop provides artistic hairstyles, haircuts and other services.
3. Hairdresser. Such enterprises are not equipped with the latest equipment and have a small assortment of perfumery and cosmetic materials.
Hairdressers provide all kinds of services. They employ hairdressers, facials, manicure and pedicure specialists.
o Hairdressing equipment
- In a hairdressing salon with up to three workplaces, there is no need to have separate rooms for disassembling and temporary storage of used linen.
- In hairdressing salons, separate pantries should be equipped with:
- racks and cabinets for storing clean linen;
- chests and dryers for storing and drying used linen;
- racks and cabinets for storing perfumes.
Currently, salons most often use three main types of electrical devices: dryer, climazon and infra-heater.
Sushuary- hair dryers (Fig. 1). Various models of dryers are produced: wall-mounted, moving on rollers, attached directly to the workplace, but they all have almost the same device. On the drying head of the sushuar there is a time switch and a temperature controller from 20 to 70 degrees Celsius. The available thermal protection of the devices allows you to adjust both the time, flow and air temperature for each client individually.
Rice. 2 climazon
climazon- an apparatus for accelerating chemical processes during dyeing and curling hair (Fig. 2). Climazon is most often equipped with a computer that allows the master to choose the optimal heating temperature and exposure time of the compositions, depending on the structure and condition of the client's hair.
infra hot water bottle is an electronic infrared hood that allows the hairdresser to perform a precise treatment that is gentle on the hair and scalp. Ideal for use in full hair coloring with any dyes, as well as bleaching and color removal. It is equipped with special generators that emit energy at a long wavelength in such a way that stimulation of the action of chemicals is achieved without high temperature. Like the dryer, the infra-heater can be placed on a support with rollers or attached to the wall with a bracket.
When working with electrical equipment, the following safety rules must be observed:
1. Before connecting electrical devices to the network, it is necessary to check the serviceability of their wires and the presence of grounding.
· Organization of the workplace of a hairdresser
Currently, there are many firms in Russia that are traditionally engaged in the design of hairdressing salons. Leading companies in this field in Germany, France, Italy and other countries pay great attention to the design of workplaces and equipment. However, whatever the design of the workplace, it traditionally consists of a dressing table, a mirror, an armchair and a client's footstool. Depending on the interior of the cabin, a sink may also be located in the workplace. The shape and size of the mirror may vary, but it should not be less than 60 x 100cm. Dressing tables also come in various shapes. They can be permanently attached, they can have additional mobile carts (Fig. 3) of various shapes, but in any case they must be equipped with drawers for storing tools. Moisture and hair must be easily removed from the cover of tables and carts, so they are most often made of plastic.
Rice. 3 mobile trolley
The hairdresser's chair (Fig. 4) must have a backrest, armrests and a headrest. A semi-soft chair should be covered with a material that does not absorb moisture and hair, have a hydraulic lift and rotate freely around its axis.
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| Rice. 5 Hairdresser's workplace |
Fig. 4Barber chair
Workplaces in the workroom can be located anywhere, but the distance between them should not be less than 1.5m (fig. m).
The workplace can be supplemented with a special mobile chair for the master (Fig. 6), since many haircuts can be performed while sitting. The master's chair should not have armrests, it should be easy to move and have a device for adjusting the height.
Rice. 6 Mobile chair for the master
Currently, sinks (Fig. 7.8) are most often located in the working room, but separately from the workplaces. They are equipped with a special chair, a flexible hose and a special recess for the convenience of washing hair with the head tilted back.
Rice. 7.8 Hair washing sinks
Rice. nine Washing machine "Oasis"
o Visitor Service Rules
Before the start of serving visitors, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. Before inviting a client, you need to clean the workplace, wipe down the dressing table and chair, put dirty linen in the utility room, sweep your hair and wash the sink. Inviting the client to pass, the master stands to the right of the chair and turns it towards the client. During a conversation with a client, the master finds out what type of work (service) he is interested in, and, if necessary, can offer additional types of services. Next, the master must inform the client of the cost of the work.
1. At the next stage, the master in the presence of the client washes his hands and disinfects the tools.
In work, the master should have three sets of tools: he works with one, the second is disinfected, the third is sharpened or kept in stock.
2. Then, to diagnose the hair, the master carefully combs it. In the process of combing, the master determines the type, quality, condition and direction of hair growth. If the master detects any contagious disease of the skin or hair, he must, in a very correct manner, refuse to serve the client.
4. Preparatory work most often ends with hygienic hair washing. However, the type of main work may also determine the conduct of other preparatory work, for example, a test for skin sensitivity to chemicals, dilution of dyes, preparation of medicinal preparations, etc.
5. Usually, four types of linen are used in a hairdresser's: peignoir, towels, napkins and cape.
4. Peignoir applies to all types of work.
5. Synthetic peignoir is used for cutting, perm and hair treatment. Oilcloth peignoir is used for hair coloring. Disposable polyethylene peignoir can be used for any type of work.
6. Under synthetic and oilcloth peignoirs, be sure to put a paper collar or disposable cotton napkin, as they are used throughout the entire work shift.
7. Towels used only when washing hair. Two towels are required per client.
8. Napkins cotton size 75 x 40 cm are used when shaving the face and head, washing and cutting hair, as well as fixing a perm.
9. Cape synthetic used for hair styling.
10. At present, special collars made of thin rubber are also used for dyeing and cold styling of hair.
11. After completing the main type of work, the foreman asks if the client is satisfied with everything, and, if not, corrects the shortcomings. Then he performs the necessary additional types of services (hair drying, styling, fixing with varnish, etc.), removes hairdressing underwear and receives payment for services.
Sanitary and hygienic requirements for the maintenance of the premises
In the premises of the hairdressing salon, a thorough wet cleaning should be carried out daily before the start of work or after its completion. In addition, routine cleaning should be carried out during the working day. Cleaning of hairdressing salons is carried out using detergents and disinfectant solutions prepared and stored in accordance with the instructions for their use (Table 1)
Table 1.
| Disinfectant | Disinfection object | Solution concentration, % | Holding time, min | Mode of application |
| Alaminol | room, furniture, incl. pedicure table panel | single wipe | ||
| Internal surfaces of cabinets for clean and dirty linen | Double Wipe | |||
| Sanitary equipment, bathtubs, sinks, toilet bowls, etc. | Single Wipe | |||
| Anolyte | Premises, sanitary equipment | 0,03-0,05 | 60-120 | |
| Weekside | 0,4 | 30 / 60 | Single / Double Wipe | |
| Septodor | 0,05-0,1 | |||
| Socrena | Premises, furniture | 1-2,5 | 60-30 | Single Wipe |
| Chloramine | Premises, furniture, containers for dirty linen | Double wiping with an interval of 15 minutes. |
As necessary, but at least once a month, general cleaning should be carried out and the hairdresser should be closed for a "cleaning day".
Hairdressers must strictly follow the rules of personal hygiene, always have a neat appearance and be in clean overalls.
Before starting the service, the client must be covered with a peignoir, under which it is necessary to place an individual napkin or towel. At the end of the shift, the peignoirs are to be washed under running water using detergents.
Visitors with a change in the skin (rash, spots, peeling, etc.), nails, hair are served at the hairdresser only upon presentation of a medical certificate confirming the non-contagiousness of the disease.
Service to customers affected by head lice is strictly prohibited.
Each master must have three sets of working tools.
To stop bleeding from cuts or abrasions, solutions of iodine or hydrogen peroxide are used. Disinfection of the cut site is done with iodine tincture.
For the purpose of personal prevention, employees must have an anti-HIV first aid kit, which should include the following items: 70-degree alcohol, iodine, dressings, potassium permanganate solution, distilled water, a container for diluting potassium permanganate.
Removal of cut hair from the neck or face should be done only with clean cotton wool or a napkin.
It is forbidden to use brushes for this purpose due to the lack of methods for their hygienic processing.
After the end of the service of each visitor, the cut hair is collected with brushes in closed scoops directly at the chairs and put in sealed containers.
At the end of the working day, the brushes should be washed under running water using detergents.
Clips and curlers should be mechanically cleaned of hair and washed periodically during the shift with warm water and detergents. Hair nets and perm caps should be washed after each use.
The supply of linen should be in an amount that ensures its individual use for each visitor.
Separate storage of clean and used linen should be provided in the hairdressing salon.
In the hall, used linen is collected in containers with tight-fitting lids.
The processing of the instrument after each client should be carried out in the open form in the devices for disinfection after preliminary washing them under running water. In case of one-sided irradiation, the instruments should be turned over to the other side after the control processing time has elapsed.
The processed tool should be stored in a special container.
The safety instructions for a hairdresser are essentially a template that reflects all issues related to labor protection before starting work, during work, after work, and labor protection requirements in emergency situations. Depending on the types of work, the head of the beauty salon can adjust this instruction and make it for himself.
What production factors should be taken into account:
Moving parts of power tools;
Increased air temperature due to the operation of thermal appliances, hair dryers, dryers;
Increased air mobility;
Increased voltage value in the electrical circuit;
Insufficient illumination of the working area;
Sharp edges of the cutting tool;
Tension of the hands and fingers;
Prolonged static physical overload (“standing” position);
Chemical factors (chlorine, ozone, synthetic detergents, etc.).
In accordance with the current legislation, the hairdresser is given special clothing and other personal protective equipment, which he must use correctly during work. It should also be remembered that in any situation that threatens life, the hairdresser must immediately notify his supervisor.
Before starting work, the hairdresser must check the sufficiency of illumination of the workplace, the serviceability of power tools, electric plugs and sockets, the availability and reliability of grounding connections. It will help to deal with the details of preparing for the SOUT.
Requirements for the workplace of a hairdresser are individual for each beauty salon.
Occupational safety requirements for a hairdresser should be reflected in the relevant instructions, which are developed in each beauty salon, taking into account the individual characteristics of the work. The head of the beauty salon is obliged to develop this document and to acquaint under the signature of all hairdressers of the salon, and each hairdresser, in turn, is obliged to comply with all points of the labor protection instructions.
Basic requirements for the organization of the workplace and the work of a hairdresser:
- The hairdresser during work is obliged to perform only those functions in which he is trained, for which he received instructions on labor protection. Work must not be assigned to untrained and uninstructed workers.
- The hairdresser must keep the workplace clean, remove cut hair, spilled liquids in a timely manner, do not block the passages between chairs, sinks, dryers, switches, escape routes and other passages with excess furniture, excess stocks of clean linen, mobile tables, and other items.
- Scissors must be stored only in a case, carried and handed over to another worker in a closed form, rings first. Do not catch falling scissors on the fly. Do not walk around the room with open scissors.
- Use hand protection when mixing dye components, coloring clients' hair, preparing disinfectant solutions, disinfecting instruments.
- The electric hair clipper should be switched off approximately every 30 minutes to prevent overheating.
- Shaver blades should be replaced with the motor turned off.
- Do not cut wet hair with an electric razor, do not turn on or off the hair clipper, hair dryer, dryer, electric razor, climazon, electric water heater, other devices and power tools powered by the mains with wet hands.
- The master must perform the perm of the hair with rubber gloves in a separate room or at a workplace equipped with mechanically driven exhaust ventilation.
- In the event of a breakdown of the device, equipment, it is necessary to stop operation and supply water, electricity to it, report on the measures taken to the immediate supervisor.
- If during the work the workplace is contaminated with spilled solutions, shampoos, stop the work until the pollutants are removed.
- At the end of the work, the hairdresser must disconnect all appliances from the mains. Rinse with running water and disinfect tools and devices in a bactericidal emitter or in solutions of disinfectants and put them in storage places. Rinse with the addition of detergents, dry and put away hair clips, curlers, caps and other devices used during work.
- Disinfectant solutions used for disinfection of instruments should be removed to specially designated storage areas. Containers with disinfectant solutions must be tightly closed with lids, which must be labeled with the name, concentration and date of preparation.