Stagnation of moisture on the site is the cause of many inconveniences, moreover, moisture inevitably destroys the foundation of the house, provides dampness in the basement, etc. You can get rid of excess moisture by laying a storm sewer. It allows you to significantly prevent flooding of a private house.
It should be noted that storm sewerage is not a complete solution to the problem of foundation flooding; it complements the classic foundation drainage, helping it to cope with the necessary volumes of incoming moisture from rain and melting snow.
Installation of a storm sewer at a summer cottage is not particularly difficult, so it is quite possible to do it yourself.
A stormwater drain is a collection of filters, water pipes and other elements that allow you to drain excess water outside the site.
The composition of the storm sewer
A properly selected storm sewer is assembled like cubes in a children's designer, and consists of the following components:
● linear and turned water intakes;
● revision, rotary wells;
● filters for oil and gasoline - used for garages, parking lots, highways, gas stations, etc .;
● sand traps;
● absorbent block - can be used on sandy, water-unsaturated soils.
In addition to purchasing materials, you must have an idea of the SNiP requirements and the principle of the entire system as a whole.
Installation of an efficient storm sewer
First, you need to draw up a project - for this you can use the standard version, making adjustments taking into account the real features of the existing site. It is worth considering the presence of slopes, relief, choosing the location of the well for storm sewers - in most cases, such a well is located in a corner or lowland.
If the site implies the arrangement of the drainage system, then first they take up the arrangement of the drainage and only then the storm drain. The communications of both systems can be laid in one trench, but the drainage system is located lower, while the storm drain is closer to the surface.
Important points:
● When working on the creation of storm sewers, it is necessary to use water- and corrosion-resistant materials;
● Pipes with an inner corrugated layer for storm sewers are not used as they quickly become clogged;
● It is not recommended to use complex schemes for pipe routing - it is worth striving to lay pipes without laying additional turns and routing;
● All structural parts of the pipeline are hermetically connected, although according to the current legislation leaks are allowed, of the order of 10-15%;
● The slope of the storm sewer is directed towards the water collector - it is necessary to adhere to the specified standards, preventing the freezing of water in the system and its failure.
Having decided on the plan, it is necessary to calculate the footage of pipes and other elements necessary to start installation work. Our recommendation: after calculating the length of all storm pipes, it is necessary to take into account an additional 5-10% that will be lost at the connections, and minor deviations when digging a pit. In the case of PVC sewer pipes are used instead of specialized storm pipes, the lights are available in various sections, for example 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 meters, and it is advisable to collect the entire length of the route from the entire range, so it is easier to choose the required section without complicated cutting.
When installing storm sewers, it is necessary to plan for the presence of protective gratings in order to avoid bulky debris entering the system.
If the drainage area is large, additional treatment wells need to be planned for cleaning.
When choosing pipes, it is worth giving preference to pipes made of polypropylene and pvc - such materials can be cleaned without problems using a metal cable, they are more rigid than polyethylene pipes, and at the same time have a low coefficient of internal roughness - which will have an excellent effect on performance.
Installation work
The rules for installing storm sewers imply the following sequence of actions:
● We select places on the site where rotary wells and storm water inlets will be located. If it is necessary to ensure the collection of water from the porch, then special trays equipped with gratings are also provided. Excellent solutions are offered by the ACO concern, producing door systems with a fixed width, and see.
Under the gutter, we install point water intakes, which in most cases are selected according to their appearance and the way rainwater flows into them. 
Water intake funnels are produced both with a classic jet break, where water from the drain pipe enters a plastic or cast iron grate, and completely closed - in which the drain pipe is tightly and hermetically connected, there is no jet break and no spray falls on the blind area and the building.
Along pedestrian paths, parking lots, and across the entrance to the site, it is necessary to arrange linear water intakes, these are special channels closed with gratings, the main purpose is to receive water flows coming from hard surfaces, and transport the collected water to storm inspection wells. After all of the above, you can proceed to the preparation of pits and trenches for the installation of all elements of the system. 
● First, you need to mark the site in accordance with the approved plan. You should not strive to fit the entire storm drain into one branch, it is much wiser to divide it into independent parts that will collect water from the roof, paths and plot. For each of the branches, it is worth making a control well and, accordingly, a separate pipeline system.
● We carry out earthworks - the trenches, into which the stormwater pipeline will be laid, are leveled with a sand cushion - after checking the slope, you can start installing the stormwater drainage system. We lay pipes in equipped trenches, connecting them in a well - such work must be carried out for each branch of the storm sewer. 
If there are linear sections of stormwater on the plan, it is necessary to dig grooves for trays - a sand cushion is also laid in them and carefully compacted. After that, you can lay the trays themselves, which are fastened with a solution; for areas where transport is supposed to travel, it is necessary to equip a special foundation for the trays. The grating for the storm drain is fixed in various ways, it can be latches, clamps, and the classic bolted connection. For premium systems, slotted grids are used, in which the visible part is two stainless steel strips, with a gap of about a centimeter. 
● Installation of storm water inlets - remember that after installation and backfilling, it will be very difficult to transfer the location.
● All elements of the system are connected using standard, generally accepted sizes 110 and 160mm, in some cases 200mm. Try to avoid unique solutions with connection sizes 90, 100, 125, 150 and 175 mm, if you need an element that has not been taken into account when planning, then it will be very problematic to purchase it.
● After the completion of the installation of the storm sewer, we fill the trenches with soil and compact it.
● The final stage of creating a storm drain is a verification test that will confirm the correctness of all stages of work. It is necessary to start the process of flushing the stormwater from the roof and track the ingress of wastewater into the stormwater inlet, and then into the main collector and into the stormwater well.
For beginners, it can be difficult to balance the flow rate of each of the branches of the stormwater. 
The amount of water supplied to each water intake and the throughput of the pipes must correspond to each other.
As for the calculations, they should be carried out based on the area of the serviced surface. These are the requirements that ensure the normal stable operation of the rain and flood water collection and removal system:
● When calculating the cross-section of the pipeline, you should not choose pipes close to the calculations made - it is better to make a margin, which should be at least 20%. This will make it possible not only to survive peak loads without destroying the system, but also to obtain an efficient storm drain, even if there are errors in the calculations. 
The angle of inclination of the drainage pipes should be within 4-5 degrees - such a slope is necessary in case of contamination inside the pipeline. A perfectly clean pipe allows water to pass through without obstacles even with a slope of 1-1.5 degrees - it moves under the influence of gravity.
But if the pipeline becomes dirty, which means that its diameter decreases, this can cause a decrease in the system's performance to almost 0.
● For linear storm drainage, it is necessary to provide an additional sand and mud filter, which is installed in the inspection well, or at the end of the flow formed by the channel.
In other words, it is necessary to mount a sand trap on each branch of the linear storm water inlet, which, when installed, will look the same as the entire system, but its underground part has a larger volume, designed to catch sand and various candy wrappers and leaves that can get inside.
● Each separate branch of the storm sewer should have one inspection well, which will effectively remove blockages and generally monitor the state of the system. It is also worth equipping a well that will be used to collect water from all water intakes in the area around the house. Another well can be made directly for a water intake that collects water along paths and platforms. With the help of a bypass pipe, we connect both wells - this way it will be possible, if necessary, to balance the load on the storm sewer.
Installation of storm water inlets
The depth of the drainage pipes for storm sewers is approximately 30-60 cm (below the main depth of freezing of the soil), therefore, trenches for drainage systems must be dug to a depth of 60-90 cm.
To install a point rainwater inlet, you will need to prepare a solid foundation, not forgetting about a number of points related to the design, for example, common square storm water inlets 30x30x30cm made of plastic, structurally during the entire period of operation contain a decent amount of water, which freezes in winter and can cause destruction not only products but also blind areas. Such products require a very solid foundation and a monumental embankment with a cement mixture.
Pipeline installation involves not only connecting pipes, but also connecting other stormwater elements, be it couplings, tees, sand traps, inspection wells, and so on.
With the construction level, we check the presence of a slope throughout the entire communication.
The most common mistakes when installing storm sewers
1. Unjustified savings
The desire of the developer to save on little things can cause inconvenience for the future homeowner. If, instead of a point rain collector, ordinary blind areas are equipped, then this does not give any effect. Water will still drain into the ground, flow under the foundation, causing subsidence and deformation of materials.
An attempt to save money during the construction phase always leads to expensive repairs.
Pipes are an excellent example of unjustified savings, most specialists, I choose communications do not think about the operating conditions, namely, what is happening and at what temperatures, what loads are on the communications.
2. Lack of maintenance
The next common mistake that owners of sites with built storm sewers make is the lack of maintenance and prevention. The system should be cleaned 2 times a year - it involves the following steps:
● we clean the wells from silt;
● we remove garbage from funnels;
● we wash the trays - for this it is enough to have a garden hose;
● cleaning of sand traps;
● if there is a waste basket in the rain collector, we also empty it.
Simple maintenance of stormwater allows the system to be operated without interruption for many years, and homeowners do not have to spend money on repairs.
3. Insufficient slope of the pipeline
Insufficient slope of the storm sewer pipeline leads to siltation, clogging, freezing of pipes in the autumn-spring period. But you should not be guided by the rule "the more, the better", since an increase in the slope of drains above the standard leads to an increase in the speed of water movement through the system, and oddly enough, the particles of silt and sand simply do not keep up with the water flows and settle on the inner walls of the pipe.
All this provides an increased load on all elements of the storm sewer, and therefore the sewage itself begins to wear out intensively. As a result, one of the sections will inevitably fail, unable to withstand the intensity of operation for which it was not designed.
If at the stage of construction of the storm sewer all the requirements and standards were met, and all the work was carried out with high quality, such a system looks aesthetically pleasing, does not spoil the landscape and has been operated without problems for decades.
In order to divert water from precipitation from the foundation of the house and from the site, a storm sewer is used. At the same time, for a high-quality installation and selection of elements, a certain level of knowledge and skills is required.
In the case of a responsible approach to the study of the issue, you can equip a high-quality storm sewer yourself. First of all, one should understand the purpose of such a system.
What is a storm sewer for?
In addition to the direct drainage of water from precipitation, storm sewerage performs a protective function. When draining from the roof of the building, water falls on the blind area (which you can arrange yourself), the foundation, from which it rises along the walls. The walls are destroyed by moisture.
Not only the house can suffer from the influence of precipitation, but also the area adjacent to it. In an area with stagnant water, not a single plant will grow, and it will become just a dirty patch. Puddles will form on the paths where precipitation collects, making it difficult to approach the house. For the beds, the presence of excess rainwater is also undesirable. Therefore, water must be removed from precipitation.
When is a storm drain required?
The answer to this question is extremely simple - always. To increase the service life and quality of operation, each building should be equipped with a rainwater drainage system. Unfortunately, more often than not, the idea of arranging a storm sewer comes quite late, when the building is destroyed and requires serious repairs.
Therefore, it is important to plan the arrangement of gutters and drainage systems even at the design and construction stage of the building. These elements are equipped in parallel with the roofing work and the filling of the blind area. Such work is extremely important in regions with an increased level of precipitation.
Before starting work on the arrangement of storm sewers, you should study the issue and get acquainted with the algorithm for its creation.
The scheme of creating a storm sewer
To create a sedimentary water collection system, two schemes can be used:
- Point scheme of storm sewer;
- Linear storm sewer diagram.
A point-type rainfall system is necessary to collect water from the roof of buildings. The process of its installation is quite laborious and requires installation and ground work.
- Through the drainage system, water from the roof is collected in storm water inlets and through special highways equipped underground, it is redirected to a collector well and discharged outside the territory of the land plot.
- In places of accumulation of sedimentary waters, it is allowed to install an additional well, connected by means of a pipeline to a collector well.
- At the moment of snow melting, the option of a reverse outflow of water from the collector well is possible. To prevent this undesirable situation, it is necessary to install a check valve for the manifold.
A linear type storm sewer is necessary to collect sediment from blind areas, paths and lawns.
Such a drainage system is most often dug along the perimeter of the blind area or along the paths near the building. The main rule of installation is the location of the drainage trays strictly perpendicular to the water flow.
Helpful information! To prevent various debris and leaves from entering the collector instead of water, storm grates are installed on top of the drains. At the junction of the pipe leading to the collector and the drainage chute itself, a plastic grate is placed to trap the sand.
To ensure the high-quality functioning of the storm sewer and reliable protection of the house from sedimentary moisture, it is necessary to use both systems in a complex. Before starting the installation of storm sewers and purchasing the required materials, it is necessary to carry out design work and calculations.
SNiP for storm sewers: calculation
To determine the required diameter of the drain, storm inlets, drainage elements of the system, it is necessary to take into account the level of precipitation in the region. This information can be obtained from the following regulatory documents: SP 32.13330.2012 or SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and facilities ".
To calculate the amount of sedimentary water that must be removed, you must use the formula given in these documents Q = qtwenty ? F? ?, where
Q- the amount of precipitation, the water of which must be diverted;
? - coefficient of water absorption.
In this case, the coefficient will depend on the quality of the surface:
1 - for the roof;
0.95 - for asphalt pavements;
0.85 - for cement coatings;
0.6 - materials from crushed stone with bitumen processing;
0.4 - for materials from gravel and crushed stone that have not undergone bitumen processing or processing with analogs of bitumen.
q 20 - the intensity of precipitation in the region, measured in l / s per hectare. The formula for calculating this parameter is described in SNiP 2.04.03-85;
F- surface area from which water will be discharged.
According to the data obtained, it is easy to determine the required volume of pipes for storm sewers.
Table of the performance of the drainage system (in l / s) depending on the diameter of the pipes used and the slope of their location.
| Pipe no. | Slope% | ||||
| 0-0,3 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 1,5 | 2 | |
| №100 | 3,89 | 5,02 | 7,10 | 8,69 | 10,03 |
| № 150 | 12,21 | 15,76 | 22,29 | 27,31 | 31,53 |
| № 200 | 29,82 | 38,50 | 54,45 | 66,69 | 77,01 |
Using the obtained pipe diameters and the slope of the location, we calculate the required number of elements for the storm sewer and fix their location. It should be borne in mind that the distance between the drain and the storm water inlet should not be more than 25 cm. When arranging a collector well, it is necessary to deepen it to the threshold of soil freezing in the region. For example, for the central regions of Russia, this threshold is 1.4 meters.
In the case when it is impossible to deepen the collector to a sufficient level, it is insulated.
After all the calculations have been made, it is necessary to start choosing materials for installing storm sewers.
Selection of elements and pipes
First of all, when choosing pipes, you should pay attention to the threshold temperature values in the region, since, for example, plastic pipes burst during severe frosts.
All storm sewers can be divided into main and auxiliary components. The main ones include:
- Pipes... These components are most often located underground, so they are not affected by significant temperature changes. This allows the use of pipes made of polymeric materials: polypropylene pipes or corrugated multilayer polymeric pipes (they are more often used at great depths).
- Storm water inlets... These elements are designed to collect water from gutters and redirect it to the stormwater system. They are made from polypropylene materials, cast iron and polymer concrete. To prevent pipe clogging, storm water inlets must be purchased with a removable waste basket.
- Storm drainage trays... Concrete, plastic, stainless steel are used as materials for the production of this element. The inner section of the tray reaches 100-500 mm (some models have a slope). To prevent contamination, a grid is installed on top, made of the same material as the tray itself. Such a grill performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function.
- Door pallets... This is a rectangular element installed near the entrance to the room. Most often made of plastic, the upper grill can be made of steel.
- Sand catchers... These are containers for small waste. They are made of plastic and installed at the junction of trays and pipes.
- Collector well... On the market you can find a huge number of models of this element of the stormwater system, made from a variety of materials.
- Inspection wells... They are located in corners or joints of several pipes. They are needed to ensure quick cleaning of the sewage system.
The auxiliary elements include all the necessary materials that will be needed during the installation and arrangement of the sewage system:
- Socket elbows and tees;
- Couplings for connections, etc.
After all the materials are prepared, we proceed to the installation of the entire system.
Features of installing a stormwater system
The installation of storm sewers should be started after the commissioning of the drainage system.
Installation features:
- The most complex and time-consuming work is land. They are performed at the first stage. Trenches are dug over the entire area of the sewer passage. It is necessary to fill in a sand cushion (10 cm high) in the trenches.
- Storm inlets are installed under each drain. In this case, the depth of the holes should be such that, after installation, the storm inlet grate is at the same level with the blind area.
- Pipes are laid (drainage corrugated), with the help of which the storm water inlets are connected into a single system connected to the collector well. It is important to seal the joints.
- The slope of the pipes leading from the storm inlet to the collector well is 2 degrees.
- The sewerage of the linear type must also be connected to the collector.
- It is not worth making the final precision system collection well. It is necessary that water from this element be diverted outside the site, for example, into a central sewer or a ravine.
It is important to work carefully and check all joints and pipe slopes.
Conclusion
Arrangement of storm sewers on the site is not a difficult task. In order to keep the system in working order, it is necessary to carry out seasonal cleaning of the system or as it becomes clogged. In addition, it is necessary to check the manholes, the collector, flush the walls of all system elements. All outside grills should be removed weekly. How to clean it is fashionable to read in more detail "Cleaning the storm sewer".
A well-executed storm sewer will allow you to provide dry paths near your house and protect the site from excess dampness.
It is also called rainfall or storm water. It is installed on the site to collect and drain water from the roof of houses, road surfaces and land plots. Storm drainage should not be confused with groundwater drainage, which is laid at a certain depth and is designed to lower the level of groundwater. It is relevant for areas in lowlands, for areas where a significant amount of precipitation falls.
Storm drainage is also used in flood areas. If there is a lot of water in the area, it can cause flooding. The foundation erodes over time, the soil becomes waterlogged, and the basement is flooded. protects the site and the house from such troubles.
What is stormwater
The rainwater drainage system includes pipes, trays, plugs, sand traps, storm water inlets, siphons and other elements. The system can also be supplemented with a stormwater well. The final scheme will depend on the type of rainfall. The main purpose is to collect surface water and direct it to the sewer.
Moisture is collected in a single stream. The drainage of water from the system cannot be done into the drainage soil system. They are installed in parallel at the same angle, but are different designs. Storm drainage is done above the ground.
Stormwater scheme
Storm sewage treatment systems are installed under the vertical drainage pipes. There should be several catchment areas on the territory. All of them are tied with polymer This allows you to connect the elements into a single system.
The scheme also provides for a prefabricated well, which is usually located at the lowest point of the site. Therefore, the storm drain uses the principle of gravity. The drainage scheme may provide for the use of pipes that are installed in the form of a Christmas tree or in a circle.
In the first case, a rectilinear contour is drawn from the water collectors at the house to the well. Contours from parts of the site and outbuildings are connected to it. In a circular scheme, there is a main contour, but the connection of additional ones is carried out in a circle. A system of sewer pipes is laid around the main house, which are complemented by contours. If the area is large enough, then there may be several circular contours.
How the storm drain is arranged depending on the method of precipitation removal
The storm sewer system can be classified according to the way the water is drained. It can be open and is also called superficial. Rainwater is discharged by this system using open gutters in the form of trays and channels. Moisture is leaving the site. Trays are recessed, installed in paths, as well as blind areas. They are sometimes fixed with cement mortar. On top of the gutters, drainage grates are installed, which are removable.
The open system is most common in private houses, as well as in small settlements with a low population density. The storm sewer system is also closed, it is called deep. In this case, water is collected in built-in trays and sand traps. Moisture gets into storm water inlets, which are wells. On an inclined line, precipitation is sent to the sewer network. Pumping equipment can also be used to transport water.
Rain and melt water passes through the sewer collector, thalweg and enters the treatment plant and artificial reservoirs. The closed system is used in large settlements and cities, sometimes in private territories.
Mixed type rain shower
A mixed storm sewer is a drainage system that consists of street trays and underground pipes. In the structure, the drainage is carried out by gravity. The only exceptions are unfavorable relief conditions.
The stormwater network route is located along the shortest path to the point of discharge into a reservoir or collector. The device uses reinforced concrete. Mixed storm water is suitable to reduce construction costs.
Drainage classification by type of drainage
Spot storm drainage is provided using local drainage systems in the form of storm water inlets. They are installed to collect water from a point area, for example, from a roof. The drainage and storm sewer system of the working village has grates, filter baskets, the last of which are necessary to retain garbage.
The system is connected to underground sewerage pipes that transport water to a collection well. Storm drainage can also be linear. It is installed to collect atmospheric precipitation from an impressive area.
Linear drainage is designed to solve water disposal problems in an integrated manner. Such a system is based on:
- channels;
- trays;
- gutters;
- sand traps.
The latter are containers for retaining fine debris and sand. Inside there is a basket where rubbish accumulates. Cleaning of such a sewage system is carried out by emptying the baskets.
Stormwater drainage device
If the storm drain is supplemented with drainage, then the latter can be equipped using closed technology. The pipes are located underground, and only the covers of the wells are visible on the surface. Underground drainage can be installed in areas with clay soil and soils dominated by loam. Drainage is also relevant in those areas where the aquifer is high. Drainage is required if there is water in the basement in the spring, or the foundation had to be deeply buried.
Considering a storm sewer device with a drainage system, you should note that the latter provides for the presence of:
- inspection wells;
- drainage mains;
- sand traps;
- drains;
- storage and overflow wells.
Excess moisture is collected from the soil, and sand traps clean it of silt. Excess water is supplied to the collectors through the main pipeline. This process is controlled by wells, the design of which can be different. With the help of them, the system is also cleaned.
Drains can be made of the following materials:
- ceramics;
- asbestos cement;
- plastic.
Asbestos-cement pipes are quite cheap, but they are inferior to others in terms of durability. Ceramic ones are ready to last for decades, but they are more expensive. The most popular are plastic pipelines, which can be based on polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC. Polyethylene products are the most resistant to frost, they do not crack at sudden temperature changes.
The storm drainage system from the roof is an integral part of the scheme. Its elements are installed along the walls on the roof. With the help of trays, water is collected from the roof and transported to the ground storm sewer. The drainage system provides for the presence of:
- funnels;
- connectors;
- drainage gutters;
- plugs;
- tees;
- swivel knees.
A modern gutter system is a constructor whose parts are assembled in a specific sequence. Elements can be made from the following materials:
- plastic;
- ceramics;
- galvanized;
- copper.
The choice will depend on the architecture of the house and the type of roofing material. The gutters are sometimes supplemented with safety nets, drippers, and de-icing cables. These devices are optional, but will improve the functionality of the storm drain.
Storm drainage systems of a private house provide for the presence of inspection and drainage wells, which can be made from:
- plastic;
- stone;
- bricks;
- reinforced concrete rings;
- car tires;
- fiberglass.
The materials may vary, but the design is the same. It assumes the presence of a cover, a shaft, a working chamber and a bottom. Ready-made well structures are easier to install than others. This is especially true in the case of plastic. The most budgetary option is made of reinforced concrete rings or car tires.
Drainage system "Geberit"
When it comes time to supplement your roof with a gutter system, there are several options to consider. Among others - the Geberit storm shower, which has an increased flow capacity and a reduced pipe diameter. The siphon rainwater system has been setting the standard for indoor gutters for decades.
The design of the funnel ensures that in the event of rain, risers and pipes can be filled without air pockets. The Geberit stormwater drainage system has pipes into which water enters, forming a closed column. It creates a reduced pressure and sucks in the effluent. This increases the flow rate and throughput despite the reduced pipe diameter.
Design freedom and reduce labor costs with Geberit storm drains
Geberit provides consumers with maximum design freedom as designers require fewer rainwater funnels, sewers and risers. The supply lines are designed to provide reduced pressure, so slopes are no longer required, which simplifies installation and saves space.
The Geberit storm sewer system reduces material costs and labor costs. For planning the system, you can use the program with the Pluvia module. As a service, the company invites consumers to perform calculations for internal drainage systems.
Sampling from the storm
The sampling technique of the storm sewer system provides for which is located before the discharge of treated water. The unit is equipped with a butterfly valve and is designed to take a sample of the treated effluent. The well can be made of fiberglass reinforced plastic and must have high chemical and corrosion resistance. An excellent example is the UNILOS-KK well, which has durability, low operating costs and insignificant thermal conductivity.
The wells are located on the way of the sewage after the last passage of the filtration systems. Sampling sites, also called control points, are selected in accordance with the objectives of the work. Samples should be taken from mixed streams. The sampling points should be close to the discharge point.
Sample classification
For lowering, transporting and lifting the sample, if necessary, mechanical means, such as trolleys and winches, should be provided. A distinction is made between simple and mixed samples. The former characterize the composition of water and are obtained by a single sampling. A mixed sample characterizes the composition of a liquid over a certain period of time.
The storm water drain is regularly checked and cleaned. Inspection is carried out in spring and late autumn in preparation for winter. The entire system is inspected after every heavy shower. Even if the scheme provides for grids on water intakes and sand traps, suspended silt and small debris can get inside the sewer.
The list of works on the maintenance of the storm sewer system provides for the removal of foreign elements from gutters, pipes and wells. This must be done with regular checks, otherwise the drainage elements will become silted, which will lead to the termination of the storm drain.
Cleaning
The pipes are cleaned with a pump and a large volume of water. Using a hose with a nozzle, you can flush all deposits from the walls of the pipelines. Limescale and sludge will end up in a well, from which the debris is pumped out by a drain pump or vacuum suction pump. Usually, flushing is sufficient, but sometimes you have to resort to mechanical cleaning with scrapers or a plumbing cable with a hook.
Finally
Every home should have a rain shower. It consists of plastic sewer pipes, fittings and a collection well. The scheme also provides for the presence of collectors in the form of cones. We should not forget also about the decorative grilles, with the help of which the design of the water collectors is carried out and the protection of the system from penetration and debris is provided.
Any private house is constantly exposed to atmospheric precipitation. If, in addition, the soil on the site has an admixture of clay, then the constantly sour soil and puddles standing in the yard will not give your home aesthetics. A storm sewer in a private house is able to cope with the problem of drainage of rainwater. It is quite possible to build it yourself, at the beginning of building a house. Or to lay purposefully, near an already built house, if such work was not carried out in due time.
The main purpose of stormwater in a private house is to collect and then drain melt and rainwater from the house and from the site to special catchment devices, into water bodies, into a deep drainage system, outside the site or into a general sewer system. In addition to collection, a properly mounted storm drain in a private house with its own hands is able to cleanse the water that has got into it from impurities and sand. The water leaving the system is clean enough and does not pollute the surrounding areas.
Being a device for surface drainage, the storm drain protects the buildings on the site from movement and destruction. If the soil on the site is constantly wet, then the impact on the foundation of multidirectional skew vectors will affect its strength. As a result of this, subsidence, tilt of the house, and the appearance of cracks on its walls are possible.
Main components of the system
The device of a storm sewer in a private house assumes the presence of the following elements in its composition:
- on the surface or closed ducts located underground. They are installed taking into account the slope towards the catchment areas. Through them, water enters the reservoirs or is discharged directly outside the site.
- storm water inlets... They are designed to collect water flowing from the roofs of buildings. The most suitable places for their installation are under the downpipes. Storm water inlets are made of plastic or polymer concrete in the form of rectangular containers of various volumes and are equipped with a basket for collecting various debris that falls along with the water. From them, water flows through a system of canals into water reservoirs;
- door pallets;
- inspection wells... They are intended for routine inspections and cleaning of channels and pipelines in case of clogging. As a rule, they are equipped at the junctions of the canals and in the places of their intersection, since it is in these places that the risk of clogging of the canals is most likely;
- serve to collect solid particles in the water flowing through the channels. Installed on surface storm drains;
- collector well designed for collection and subsequent filtration of water into the soil.
Types of storm sewers
Storm rain in a private house can be linear, point, and also mixed. Each of these types differs in its structure and purpose.
Linear (open type) sewerage
This system is easy to manufacture and quite effective. It is a network of surface metal, concrete or. Water enters these channels through drain pipes, heading to the general sewage system or special tanks. From above, the gutters are covered with gratings that protect them from debris, and also perform decorative functions. The individual gutters are joined together with a sealant to prevent water from entering between the joints.
Read also: and its characteristics.
Such a storm sewer in a country house or in a country house has a greater coverage, it collects water from paths, sidewalks, various sites, and not only from roofs.
The photo shows an example of an open type storm sewer from drainage trays with gratings Tip: When a do-it-yourself open-type storm sewer is being laid, the slope of all gutters must be taken into account. Otherwise, despite the presence of surface channels, water will not flow through them, but will cover the entire area, without having time to go into the catchment areas.
Point (closed type) sewerage
If the choice fell on a storm sewer scheme in a point-type private house, then all water intake pipelines should be located underground. The water flowing down the pipes from the roofs enters the storm inlets closed by gratings, and from them - into the underground canals. Through them, water is diverted to the places intended for it or simply drained outside the boundaries of the site.
Tip: Since the laying of underground utilities presents difficulties in design and construction, its arrangement should be carried out only at the stages of developing projects for the house itself. Later, it will be almost impossible to do such work.
Mixed sewerage
This type of sewage is used in cases where it is necessary to save on labor or financial costs. This system can include both open-type elements and components of a point sewerage system.
Calculating volume, depth and slope
If you want your house and plot to be reliably protected from flooding, silting and streams of dirty rainwater, you need to correctly calculate and lay the storm sewer in the project. The main calculation of storm sewers is to ensure that all water entering the territory equipped with storm drains leaves without a trace in the places assigned to it and is regulated by SNiP 2.04.03-85.
Calculation of the depth of the channel
If the cross-section of underground pipelines does not exceed 0.5 m, then they are buried to a level of 30 cm.With large channel diameters, the depth of the storm sewer in a private house increases up to 70 cm.
If the site has already been laid, then the storm sewer in a private house is located above this system.
Tip: It is recommended to deepen all elements to the level of freezing of the soil, but in practice, you can place them closer to the surface, providing them with insulation by backfilling a layer of rubble and laying geotextiles. This will reduce the cost and labor intensity of earthworks.
Calculation of the volume of wastewater discharged from the site
To calculate the volume of effluents, you must be guided by the following formula: Q = q20 x F x ¥, where:
- Q is the volume that needs to be taken away from the site;
- q20 is the amount of precipitation. These data can be obtained from the meteorological service or taken in the same SNiP 2.04.03-85;
- F is the area from which water will be discharged. With a point system, the projection of the roof area onto a horizontal plane is taken. In the case of linear system equipment, all areas involved in the drainage are taken into account;
- ¥ - coefficient that takes into account the coating material with which the site is equipped or the house is covered:
- 0.4 - crushed stone or gravel;
- 0.85 - concrete;
- 0.95 - asphalt;
- 1 - roof.
Calculation of the required slope of the channels
A properly selected slope guarantees the free flow of water through pipelines under the influence of physical laws. The required slope of the storm sewer is determined depending on the diameter of the pipes used. If the pipes have a diameter of 20 cm, then a factor of 0.007 is taken into account. That is, 7 mm per running meter of pipe. With a diameter of 15 cm, the coefficient will be 0.008.
The slope of the channels in an open system ranges from 0.003 to 0.005 (this is 3-5 mm). But the pipes connected to storm water inlets and storm wells should have a slope of 2 cm for each running meter.
Installation of stormwater
Before starting work, you must make sure that the house is equipped with water collection and drainage systems (downpipes, risers and gutters).
Sewerage is a type of drainage systems that promptly remove wastewater from the serviced area. Depending on the conditions of use, such systems can have a different set of functional components, differ in dimensional parameters and protective additions. As for the areas of application, the storm sewer system is used in the arrangement of city streets, in the infrastructure of industrial facilities and in the engineering and communication support of private households.
Sewerage structure
Like any other plumbing infrastructure, storm sewers work on the basis of pipeline networks. With the help of pipes, water is transferred from one functional point of the system to another. The working cycle begins from areas with storm water inlets, which carry out local collection of water. Trays with gutters are often used in this capacity. They are installed in drainage ditches in such a way that the drains can be directed by gravity to the distribution manifold. The door pallet is also a type of storm water inlets. Such devices are installed either at the gate or near the entrance to the house.
Without fail, the installation of storm sewer systems provides for the presence of capacitive water storage. These are devices that store water collected in primary water intakes. They can be executed in different ways, but the main task remains one - to ensure sufficient intake of surface water to eliminate the risk of flooding in the territory.
Cleaning function of the storm sewer system
Unlike a septic tank that receives household waste and sewage, rainwater drainage does not require deep biological treatment. Of course, there are systems in which the septic tank also acts as a receiver of storm drains. And in this case, cleaning will completely depend on the capabilities of this tank. The septic tank can act both as a simple storage device without cleaning functions, and as a means of multi-stage filtration. Separating the tasks of a septic tank and storm sewer is just advisable due to different cleaning requirements. Rainwater may well be discharged into the ground without the danger of disturbing the ecological state of the soil. However, basic filtration is still required to protect the drainage complex itself. Therefore, the system often includes sand traps that trap large soil particles, debris and stones. That is, filters of mechanical cleaning are used, which do not allow physical contamination of the pipeline, accumulator and collector assemblies.
Classification by drainage method
At the moment, there are three systems dedicated to rainwater. First of all, it is a ditch configuration with open drain channels. Such systems are usually used in cities and can perform several tasks, including drainage and irrigation of garden and park areas. Structurally, such networks are formed by systems of ditch concrete trays placed along roads and streets. Aryk trays are distinguished by a perforated surface that allows passively distributing water over the soil cover. Also, storm sewers can be used in the arrangement of private households with plots, but this solution will be ineffective. In urban conditions, an open system is beneficial just for its high performance, since it works with large volumes of water. But in a small area, a closed system option is more effective. In this configuration, water runoffs are collected by trays that are part of the landscape array structure. In other words, the pipeline network is placed in an earthen niche and covered with protective devices. The third option is a combined design in which open and closed sections replace each other depending on the conditions of the passage of the drainage circuit.
Classification by catchment configuration
Both open and closed sewerage systems differ in the way they organize catchment areas. In point schemes, receiving funnels with grates are installed separately from each other. That is, small underground or surface tanks can be scattered throughout the site in accordance with the most intensive water flow. At the same time, all points of the catchment areas are combined into a single network directed to the reservoir. An alternative way is the linear layout of the collections. Thus, a continuous system of drainage and storm sewage is formed on the site, which, already in the collection process, combines several sources of water intake. Otherwise, the equipment of the rainwater collection and drainage channels is carried out according to general principles with the integration of filters, collector units and grids.
Rainwater drainage design
Even storm drains for small areas should be arranged on the basis of a design solution, in which pumping lines, points of collection, distribution and accumulation of water are calculated. Moreover, the basis for the project can be developed independently, by identifying the most likely sources of water spill and the optimal place for its intake. The plan will have to include the contours of the drains, the location of communications, equipment and storage. More serious projects of the drainage system and storm sewers also provide for the implementation of geodetic surveys of the area. One of the main objects of analysis will be the level of groundwater occurrence, which will make it possible to determine the optimal place of the drainage system and the storage tank, which ensures the discharge of wastewater directly into the ground.
Installation of piping and related equipment
It is advisable to use plastic pipes, since they do not corrode, are easy to install and practically do not require maintenance. Laying is carried out in a trench, the bottom of which is pre-filled with sand, crushed stone and covered with geotextiles. Further, the formed network should be wrapped in geotextile so that the drainage filler completely covers the surface of the pipes. The connections are made using complete couplings of the appropriate standard size. Then the functional assemblies of the collectors, the collector and the receiver are arranged, with which the storm sewer system will interact. In this case, installation must be carried out with an observance of the slope towards the place of water accumulation. So, for 1 m, about 1-2 cm of slope should be provided. The same applies to networks in which the main sewer network will act as the final collection point. It is not worth filling the channels until the pipeline is tested under operating conditions.
Sewer cover installation
The simplest way to cover a trench with a storm sewer channel is to backfill with the same excavated soil. But to do this, you should make sure that the line is reliably sealed, and there are layers of sand and gravel in its structure. If the channel passes through the responsible ones, then additional reinforcement may be required. Additional reinforcement must be installed under the paths, parking areas and vehicle entrances. For this, floors can be used, which in the future are also covered with a dense layer of soil. But even at the stage of the construction of the storm sewer system, it is recommended to calculate the loads on the network using the appropriate pipes. In particular, it is recommended to lay a non-perforated metal pipe under a road for a car. The use of plastic is also allowed, but in an armored shell. Drainage and geotextile layers are made according to the same scheme as on the rest of the contours.
Organization of a security zone near the sewer
Hydrological resources providing water supply, in accordance with the norms of SNiP, are introduced into special protection zones. The same rules apply to sewers. If we are talking about urban and public areas, then the radius of such areas should be about five meters. Of course, in the conditions of private households, strict adherence to this standard is not required, but it will still be useful to support some of the principles by which the storm sewer system with the adjacent zone is protected. In particular, it is prohibited to construct temporary structures, arrange landfills, break flower beds and plant trees near canals.
Storm sewer cleaning
Regardless of the type and location, rainwater drainage must be flushed regularly. For this, pumps installed at the points of water collection are used. In a household, you can do with one unit, rearranging it alternately to each circuit leading to the place of water accumulation. The pump is connected to the local water supply system and a pressure jet is directed along the channel towards the slope. The stream removes contamination in confined areas that cannot be physically reached. Also, the rules for using the storm sewer system require a separate cleaning of the storage tank. Moreover, the internal surfaces should be regularly subjected to chemical disinfection in order to maintain the proper sanitary and ecological state of the territory.
Features of the care of the drainage system
The drainage system associated with the sewerage outlet requires a special approach to maintenance. First of all, the upper layer of the drain should always be kept loose - this way it more effectively absorbs and passes water into the ground. For the same reason, it is not recommended to walk on embankments of sand and gravel, and even more so to use heavy equipment on them. If the storm sewer on the site is also connected to intermediate wells and collector nodes, then they should be cleaned of dirt and sand in a separate order. It is desirable that this work be carried out in automatic mode using pump washers with floats.
Conclusion
The variety of plumbing equipment for the garden allows you to organize a wide variety of configurations of rain sewers. The most reliable option would be a system in which a closed network (trench) is implemented, supplemented by trays, wells, a collector and filtering membranes. As for the purification function, the drainage and storm sewer system can be connected to the septic tank, which, in turn, will perform multi-stage biological treatment of effluents. But, again, storm drains directly and do not require fine filtration. It is enough to provide the system with high-quality sand traps and grates that trap large debris. Another thing is that these components of the sewage system will require regular manual cleaning, otherwise there will be a risk of clogging the canals and subsequent flooding of the site.