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Online calculator for calculating stairs
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impossible to imagine without. This design is both functional and decorative. They are mounted screw or march - it does not matter. The main thing is that the staircase fits into and at the same time improves the appearance, while possessing the necessary strength characteristics. Today we’ll talk about the types of staircases and figure out how to calculate all the main dimensions. Calculators specially developed by our team will help you calculate the stairs online.
In addition to the organic appearance in the interior, these structures need a margin of safety. Replacing or repairing is a laborious task, which means that even at the stage, you should think through all the nuances.
Important! The design steps are thought out so that they are convenient. Numerous studies have shown that deviations from standard sizes by 2-3 cm drastically reduce the ease of movement along it.
The safety of residents depends on how correctly the installation work is done. This means that you should understand the nuances as carefully as possible, understand how to calculate, determine possible options, and only after that stop the choice on one or another form.
Photo examples of various designs: solutions for home craftsmen
Design plays an important role in . You should think through everything to the smallest detail. To do this, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with some examples that will help you make the right decision. For some, samples will become an impetus that will help create an original masterpiece, others will take a ready-made solution as an example.
Amazing, isn't it? At first glance, it seems that one cannot do without a professional designer, but if you dig deeper, it becomes clear that a home master can create such masterpieces without special education. All you need is imagination and courage to implement the most extraordinary ideas. But coming up with an original design is only half the battle. You should study some of the technical characteristics that must have. Let's talk about them.
Related article:
In the article we will consider what designs are, what are the advantages of a metal frame, how to properly illuminate straight and spiral staircases, as well as recommendations from specialists that must be taken into account during installation.
Technical parameters: the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs and the dimensions of the steps
The type of construction is selected depending on the area of location. So, if the free space for installation has dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 m or more, then a flight ladder is installed. If you need to place a compact structure, a screw version is suitable.
It's important to know! The screw version fits more neatly into any interior, but has one drawback - the inability to move large-sized furniture and things. This is also taken into account when building a structure.
A slope of 25÷33° is considered convenient for walking, but this is not always possible due to the small space. The limit is a tilt angle of 45°. With a smaller slope, a ramp is mounted, and with a larger one, side or even wall ladders are used. About the dimensions of the steps themselves: according to research, the optimal size is 28÷30 cm wide and 16÷18 cm high. These are not empty numbers for example. This size is convenient for the movement of an adult.
When calculating the steps of the stairs, it is taken into account that the width of the march must be more than a meter. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to move around on it. The exception is screw structures in rooms where there is not enough space for a full span. Do not forget about. They are required with a flight of stairs of three or more steps.
There are enough varieties of such structures. We note the main ones:
- straight spans;
- two-march;
- three-march;
- screw;
- designs on bowstrings;
- with winder steps (90° or 180° turn).
We will return to the types of structures later. It is worth devoting a separate section of today's article to this. But the materials from which they are made should be considered immediately.
Determination of the main technical parameters of the stairs
Such structures are made not only from or metal. Stone, glass or concrete is often used. However, the most widespread are combined options, including several materials.
Helpful information! Stone or concrete are not suitable for wooden houses due to their heavy weight. But wooden, metal or glass structures, and especially combined ones, will come in handy. Such designs can decorate any interior.
The only limitation in designing a flight of stairs is the imagination. Bold ideas give amazing results, although fanaticism is useless. As the staircase is being made, new ideas can be born that will add uniqueness to the finished product. Experience here rather harms, imposing certain limits. A home master, without knowing it, can adhere to the line of a previously created design.
To create a drawing, you can refer to the stairs, which are now quite a few on the Internet. However, the most important is the calculation of the dimensions of the steps of the stairs and its steepness. And for this you should consider various options.
Calculation of a wooden staircase: some nuances of calculations
If you make all the calculations yourself, then the dependence of the length of the horizontal projection of the flight of stairs on the height and angle of inclination can be denoted by the formula:
D = H / tgα , where
- D is the length of the horizontal projection;
- H - height;
- α - tilt angle.
However, there is no need to calculate the values manually. This can lead to an error that can become critical when building a structure. We suggest using the online calculator, which has already included all the necessary formulas. The ladder calculation program will eliminate the human factor and protect against errors.
Specify all required parameters
Y- Opening height.
X- Opening width.
H- The width of the stringer (minimum).
Z— Steps in thickness.
F- The size of the step ledge.
SP- Mark the location of the first step, relative to the floor level surface on the second floor.
The definition of the convenience of stairs is calculated by a formula that is based on the size of a human step.
On average, the stride length varies from 60 to 66 centimeters, and the average value is taken as 63 centimeters.
30° to 40° is the optimal slope of the stairs.
20 -25 cm - the optimal height of the steps.
The calculation of stair steps depends on the height between floors and steps.
Comfortable depth of steps is at least 28-30 cm.
With the help of the protrusion of the step, you can remove the shortcomings of its depth.
Based on the results, the program will draw a drawing with the main dimensions and angles. Our drawing will show all the measurements of the steps, the marking of the stair bowstring in relation to the angle of the step, the top of the steps on the bowstring.
How to make a straight staircase with your own hands
To properly design a flight of stairs, you need to determine the free space where the structure will be located, take into account the height of the rise and the shape of the product, and forget about aesthetics.
March width
This value is not tied to specific figures, only the number of marches will directly depend on the free space.
The smallest width of the march span is exactly 80 cm, if this value is less, then difficulties may arise with lifting furniture, passage for fat people. The optimal width is 100-140 cm.
Building materials for stairs
With the help of our program, you can perform an accurate calculation of a wooden or metal staircase, as well as find out the required amount of material for its construction.
A bar with a section of 50 and a length of 250 mm is ideal for both stringers and bowstrings.
It is better to choose beams for tread with a section of at least 30-40 mm.
Beams for understeps should have a cross section of 25 mm or more.
Beautiful balusters and handrails can be either ordered from a carpenter or bought ready-made, the process of their creation is quite laborious and complicated.
We mount the bowstring (kosoura)
Each beam must be cut on each side, to the length of your stairs. Next, from the bottom of the beam, you need to cut off 5 cm - the thickness of the tread.
In the kosour, we cut openings under our steps. With the help of a square, we mark the width of the treads and the height of the risers, minus 2-4 cm. After that, we mark the inner surface of the beam according to our markup.
Using a saw or electric jigsaw, saw off the excess.
We try on the kosour for the future location of the stairs. Each edge of it should fit snugly into the ceiling and the floor surface. We measure the horizontality of each washed down.
We sand the fitted surfaces, if necessary, mill the outer edges.
We mount steps
To install the risers, we saw the beam according to their number. We adjust them and sand them.
Mounting the riser on the kosour
Fastening is carried out from the front side with screws that are puttied.
After mounting the steps, we begin the installation of treads - steps.
We saw the beam into the exact number of steps, minus one. Then we skin each of them and go through all the protruding sides with a milling cutter.
With the help of wood screws we fix the steps on top of the steps.
We mount the balusters on the steps and fix them with studs: 8 millimeters thick and 100 millimeters long.
We attach the railing on top with self-tapping screws.
Now our staircase is installed, and it remains to paint and varnish. Lacquer also allows you to give a protective layer to our product. To preserve the structure of the tree, it is best to use a clear varnish.
So, how do professionals advise to perform the calculation in XXI century?
Stair design can be done in a variety of ways. Each is based on optimal dimensions flight of stairs necessary for comfortable and safe movement.
Naturally, the most comfortable there will be a gentle and not narrow staircase, but, as a rule, practical circumstances dictate restrictions on the choice key parameters which include: view stairs, lifting height, plan area, tilt angle, number of steps, width and height of each.
These indicators interconnected and cannot be determined individually. For example, for a simple single-flight staircase, the height of the rise and the angle of inclination rigidly set the area in the plan, and vice versa, knowledge of the area in the plan and the height will leave no doubt about the magnitude of the angle of inclination of the stairs.
In this article we we will not consider exotic options, like stairs with elements of three-dimensional curvature, but let's focus on the structures familiar and feasible for the home master on stringers and scarves.
Step size
This is perhaps one of the main characteristics of the stairs. It depends on them how comfortable and safe households will be able to go up to the second floor and go down.
Master Novitsky Oleg Vadimovich in the book “Modern stairs. Design, manufacture, installation.» (best wishes to the author and this marvelous work) mentions recommended and repeatedly tested values for lifting ( h) and tread ( a) steps:
h×a = 150×300, 160×300, 170×290 mm.
These sizes are good, but, unfortunately, cannot be used if the house has already been built and the total height of the stairs ( H) is not a multiple of a single step ( h). In this case, we can turn to the calculation formulas.
Widely known convenience formula:
a - h = 12 cm.
According to this ratio, the stairs will be the most convenient.
The ladder is considered safe if the sum of the dimensions ( With) the width of the tread and the height of the riser is equal to 45 cm:
30+15; 27+18; 25+20 .
Accordingly, this equation is called safety formulas :
c = a + h = 45 cm.
The difficulty is that the formulas are applicable in small range sizes and it is not always possible to realize the necessary proportion in practice. In this case, you should “get” into the indicated proportions with a minimum deviation or use the universal Blondel's formula, which takes into account the average step of a person. More on that below.
| Floor height, m | Number of steps n | Step height h, mm | Step width b, mm | Grade h:b |
| 2.25 for basements | 12 | 118 | 260 | 1:1,38 |
| 13 | 173 | 260 | 1:1,50 | |
| 2,50 | 14 | 179 | 260 | 1:1,45 |
| 14 | 179 | 290 | 1:1,62 | |
| 2,75 | 15 | 183 | 260 | 1:1,42 |
| 16 | 172 | 260 | 1:1,51 | |
| 16 | 172 | 290 | 1:1,69 | |
| 3,00 | 17 | 176 | 290 | 1:1,65 |
| 18 | 167 | 290 | 1:1,74 |
note: in single-flight stairs, as well as in one flight of two- and three-flight stairs within the first floor, no more than 18 lifts (steps). Limit height steps - 220 mm ( SNiP 21-01-97).
For designing a simple wooden staircase on stringers measure the height between floors(vertical distance from the bottom floor to the top floor).
By the way height between floors- this is the "sickest" size. In houses made of stone, very often there are deviations from the project on 4-5 cm, and wooden ones are subject to shrinkage and shrinkage (up to 15 see per floor). Ideally, you should wait for the complete shrinkage of the log house in a few years.
Also dimensions for calculating the stairs it is better to remove when finishing floors are laid or should be clearly defined horizontal levels heights.
So let height in our case:
Choose riser height:
Dividing the height between floors by the height of the risers, we get required number of steps:
270: 18 = 15 pieces.
To determine the optimal step width, use convenience formula:
a - h \u003d 12, h \u003d 18 cm.
Comfortable tread width:
a = 12 + h = 30 cm.
So it is necessary 15 steps wide 30 cm and a length depending on the width of the opening in the interfloor ceiling. Checking the stairs safety formula:
a + h = 46 + 3 cm
In this case:
18 + 30 = 48 cm.
Stairs safe and convenient to operate.
This example of calculations is given by Stolyarov A.N. in the book " We build stairs».
French architect and engineer still in the distant 1672 suggested the following relation:
Where S is the average step of a person who is within 600-640 mm.
Can be converted to inequality:
lower practical result would be minimum lift steps:
h = 120 mm, a = 400 mm, slope 17 degrees.
With a smaller angle, it is no longer a staircase, but a ramp (ramp) - a gentle inclined platform.
Upper step rise:
h = 220 mm, a = 200 mm, slope 48 degrees.
At the upper limit of the formula, we get not the most comfortable ladder, usable only when moving facing the steps.
Going down the ladder is more dangerous than going up, hence ease of use evaluate on the move down. An example of the master's thoughts according to Blondel's formula:
We measure the height between floors:
H = 3050 mm.
Determine the rise of the steps h by dividing H for the possible number of lifts ( n). Value options:
With 17 lifts: h = H / n = 3050 / 17 = 179.4 mm.
At 18: h \u003d H / n \u003d 3050/18 \u003d 169.4 mm.
At 19: h = H / n = 3050/19 = 160.5 mm.
A = 5000 mm.
The length of the travel line should not be less than the height between floors ( H), otherwise the stairs will be impractically steep. In our example:
A (5000) > H (3050).
At n = 18 tread a = 5000 / (n - 1) = 294 mm.
The actual number of steps on 1 less than the calculated value. This fact is easy to accept if the first step is considered at the floor level.
Step parameter according to Blondel:
169 × 2 + 294 = 632 mm.
Hence, size is acceptable, is organic and lies within the average human step. We determined the width of the tread and the height of the riser for easy movement, but this is not enough to build a comfortable and safe staircase.
Line of march and middle line of march
travel line (A) is a horizontal projection of the imaginary movement of a person along the steps. Passes in the distance 300-500 mm from the inner edge of the stairs. This average size determines handrail comfort. The children will go closer to the railing, adults - farther.
Sometimes for direct march, this size is neglected, since the edges of the steps are parallel.
If the width of the stairs is up to 1000 mm, then the line of motion will coincide with the middle line of the march. If more 1000 mm, then the travel line is shifted to the handrail. The calculation algorithm is as follows:
With chalk or a plumb line draw the intended line on the floor(or lines) of the course. Fix the size with a tape measure and correlate it with the height of the stairs. It's great if the line of motion more than the height in 1,7 times - then the slope will be 30 °.
All received indicators of the size of the tread calculate using Blondel's formula to determine the optimal one.
The relative value of the rise of the march (angle of rise)
In construction practice, the angle of elevation, as a rule, is in the range from 20 before 50 degrees, but stairs with an angle from 30 before 45 degrees.
Dependency table step sizes from the angle of inclination:
Choice tilt angle causes a margin of distance (critical height) of at least 2000 mm from any step to the ceiling or any protruding element of the building (beams, parapet):
critical height convenient to check by drawing the calculated steps on any sheet material or directly on the wall. As design practice shows, very often a line drawn from a ceiling or a dangerous ledge will be less than the desired value.
It is for this reason that it is not possible to design a staircase that is gentle enough. With an increase in the angle of inclination, comfort decreases, therefore, with a low average height of all households, sometimes this size is still underestimated.
In the already mentioned work of Novitsky O.V. "Modern stairs. Design, manufacture, installation.» a real practical case is considered, in which even 6 options for the location of the stairs in the room.
In any case, the final result is usually golden mean between many conflicting arguments.
March width
March width is determined by the capacity of the stairs (the number of people per minute at the narrowest point) and assumes the comfortable movement of an adult.
For intra-apartment flights of stairs, building codes define this value (the size from the wall to the railing or between two railings on the left and right sides) at least 900 mm, in luxury homes 1250-1600 mm.
Provided width exceptions flight of stairs ( 0,8 m) some types of stairs (for example, in garden houses), but when designing a staircase, this size should be guided only in conditions of a severe lack of free space in the room.
Width less than 0.8m can afford auxiliary structures, for example, stairs to the basement or to the attic.
Standard elements
Every good owner knows how to count money. Building stairs is no exception. Can good to save if the details of the stairs at the design stage turn out fit to standard blanks accepted on the territory RF.
Economic Considerations can become the key argument that will allow the owner to choose the only option for the location of the stairs from several possible ones.
1. Standards on the steps.
Available with fillet R12.5. invitations steps:
| № | Size, mm |
| 1 | H 220×400×1200, R200 |
| 2 | H220×400×1400, R200 |
Winder triangular a step of a non-standard size to order is calculated as a rectangular one (the necessary one is simply cut out of it). That's why it is advisable to order rectangular. The cost is identical, and trimmings will come in handy in the work.
Large steps can be made from furniture board sizes:
| № | Size (H×W×D), mm |
| 1 | 38×400×2000 |
| 2 | 38×500×1500 |
| 3 | 38×500×2000 |
| 4 | 38×700×1500 |
| 5 | 38×1000×1000 |
| 6 | 38×1100×1100 |
| 7 | 38×1200×1200 |
2. Riser.
| № | Size (H×W×D), mm |
| 1 | 18×180×900 |
| 2 | 18×180×1000 |
| 3 | 18×180×1100 |
| 4 | 18×180×1200 |
| 5 | 18×180×1300 |
| 6 | 18×180×1400 |
| 7 | 18×120×900 |
| 8 | 18×120×1000 |
| 9 | 18×120×1100 |
| 10 | 18×120×1200 |
| 11 | 18×120×1300 |
| 12 | 18×120×1400 |
3. Facing board.
| № | Size (H×W×D), mm |
| 1 | 18×200×2000 |
| 2 | 18×300×2000 |
| 3 | 18×350×1000 |
| 4 | 18×350×1500 |
| 5 | 18×350×2000 |
| 6 | 18×350×2500 |
| 7 | 18×350×3000 |
| 8 | 18×350×3500 |
4. Beam.
| № | Size (H×W×D), mm |
| 1 | 80×80×1200 |
| 2 | 80×80×2000 |
| 3 | 80×80×2500 |
| 4 | 80×80×3000 |
| 5 | 100×100×1200 |
| 6 | 100×100×2000 |
| 7 | 100×100×2500 |
| 8 | 100×100×3000 |
5. Bowstrings.
| № | Size (H×W×D), mm |
| 1 | 40×350×2500 |
| 2 | 40×350×3000 |
| 3 | 40×350×3500 |
| 4 | 40×400×4000 |
| 5 | 50×300×3500 |
| 6 | 50×350×3500 |
| 7 | 50×400×4500 |
6. Handrails.
The length of the handrails can vary from 3500 before 6000 mm. And here are the dimensions sections constant:
| № | Section (W×H), mm |
| 1 | 40×70 |
| 2 | 45×70 |
| 3 | 45×80 |
| 4 | 45×90 |
| 5 | 60×60 |
| 6 | 70×70 |
| 7 | 70×90 |
| 8 | 80×100 |
7. Balusters.
Diameter round balusters - 30 or 47 mm. Length all varieties up to 900 mm. Sections square items:
| № | Section (W×H), mm |
| 1 | 40×40 |
| 2 | 45×45 |
| 3 | 50×50 |
| 4 | 60×60 |
| 6 | 70×70 |
| 7 | 80×80 |
| № | Diameter, mm |
| 1 | 75 |
| 2 | 95 |
| 3 | 115 |
| 4 | 140 |
| 5 | 145 |
More at the stage of calculations you should familiarize yourself with the price list of the nearest supplier within walking distance.
So, it is not the gods who burn the pots. We hope we succeeded dispel the myth that the design and construction of stairs is available only to the elite. Read articles, literature, which we referred to in this text, take measurements, sketches and drawings.
Task in dry matter looks simple: based on the layout of the house, the location of the stairs, the aesthetic preferences of the owners, you need perform parameter calculations given in the article. It remains only to organically fit the indicators into the norms of comfortable and safe movement in a country house or a multi-level apartment.
We wish you comfort and goodness in your home.
The staircase is one of the main attributes in the house, it not only helps to easily move between floors, but also serves as the main decor item. In addition, the correct calculation of this structural element directly affects safety. This series of online calculators will suit any of your needs. It will help to make an accurate calculation and take into account all the details. All you have to do is print the finished drawings.
Our online calculators with drawings are designed for a simple person who wants to design and build a staircase with his own hands. But this does not mean that a professional will not find anything useful in them. Compiled algorithms make it possible to eliminate errors in miscalculations, and to prepare working drawings as accurately as possible, both for wooden and metal stairs.
These scripts take into account and help calculate:
- straight, rotary, L and U shaped stairs;
- stairs of any size, made of metal, wood and concrete;
- calculate stairs with winder steps at 90 and 180 degrees;
- all structural elements, including stringers, handrails, steps, risers.
If you have not yet decided on the choice of type, appearance and functionality, our staircase calculator to the second floor in a private house will help you do this. Winder stairs, spiral, or goose step are usually made due to the fact that there is simply little space, and a full-fledged staircase cannot be correctly placed.
If you have small children or the elderly, then you better choose a reliable and safe option for stairs with a platform. Estimate, count, check, evaluate your labor costs, print ready-made drawings and use it all absolutely free.
- Consider the angle of inclination of the stairs comfortable when walking, usually it is 30-40 °. If you increase the angle, then it becomes difficult to climb, especially for older people.
- The optimal step height when walking is 15-20 centimeters. Decide on this value, and you will understand the height of the riser.
- It is customary to take the width of the steps of the stairs within 27-32 centimeters. Do not forget to take into account the features of the purchased steps, they are usually made in the factory and have a standard width of 30 centimeters.
- The overhang of the wooden steps is no more than 5 cm, because the descent will be difficult, making the width of the step not convenient.
- Consider the width of the marches and the distance between them, based on fire safety and convenience. Usually one person needs a range of 90-120cm for comfortable lifting,
When calculating stairs online, follow these recommendations, because the quality of the calculation and its accuracy, as well as safety and comfort of operation in the future, directly depend on this.