Popov V.V. Perforating and blasting in wells - file n1.doc

The main purpose of explosive packers– separation of layers in cased wells. In exploratory wells - in order to isolate the tested horizon from the one located above, to be tested; in operational areas - in order to isolate the bottom aquifer or a depleted object during the transition to other layers; in injection wells - to isolate the reservoir, if necessary, injection of fluid into other reservoirs. Explosive packers are also used for injecting cement mortar during repair work, creating artificial bottomholes in wells, and for other purposes.

When choosing a charge, use nomograms that take into account the internal. casing diameter and hydrostatic pressure.

The device and operation of explosive packers.

The action of explosive packers is based on the use of the energy of powder gases for plastic deformation and expansion of the body or individual parts of the packer to tightly adhere to the inner surface of the casing string and form a hermetic release bridge. The packer is lowered into the well on a geophysical cable. The cable lug, weight and adapter are removed from the well for reuse after the packer has been triggered.

The outer diameter of the packer is calculated depending on the inner diameter of the casing and the permissible relative elongation of the packer material, and its inner diameter is calculated from the condition of compressive strength in the wedged state (when the walls are thinned) under the action of maximum external pressure equal to the sum of the hydrostatic pressure and the pressure of the uncoupling pressure test. bridge.

Distinguish B. p .:

ring, the body of which is pressed into the casing;; umbrella type, which open after being lowered into the well and sealed with cement from the bailer. Ring B. p. are used to isolate an intermediate flooded reservoir, while maintaining the lower in operation. horizon.

Packer VP is a thick-walled body with a blank bottom and a narrowed neck, covered with a sealing movable plug and an adapter. The body contains a powder charge with an electric igniter. has a hollow body made of aluminum alloy, which is irreversibly deformed under the pressure of powder gases to a strong adhesion to the inner walls of the casing, creating a reliable isolation;

Slip-on packer VPSH - coupling with the string is carried out with the help of slips. It consists of a packer and retrievable parts connected by a pin. The packer part has a rod and a rubber collar mounted on it, cones, cast-iron dies and locking elements. The extractable part includes a body with a powder chamber containing a charge with a squib, and a movable sleeve balanced with respect to hydrostatic pressure from both ends. Slip-on windrowers are used for work at great depths under conditions of elevated pressure (up to 150 MPa) and temperature (up to 200 ° C).

Cement packer PVC - the presence in the rod of a through axial channel with a ball valve and a neck for landing on the packer of the tubing for the purpose of injecting cement mortar during repair work.

Responsibility for violation of safety rules when transporting explosive materials by road

10.1. The duties and responsibilities of officials and personnel in terms of compliance with the Safety Rules for the transportation of explosives by road should be determined in the Regulations on the management of blasting operations at the enterprise, in the job descriptions of engineering and technical workers and instructions on labor protection for workers. All of these persons are liable in accordance with the procedure established by law for violation of these Rules and documents developed in accordance with them.

10.2. The issuance by officials of instructions or instructions forcing subordinates to violate the requirements of these Rules, the unauthorized resumption of the transportation of explosives prohibited by regulatory authorities, as well as the failure to take measures to eliminate violations that are allowed in their presence, are a gross violation of the established procedure for transporting explosives.

Explosive Packer

(a. blast packer; n. Sprengpackung, Sprengstoffpacket; f. packer de tir; and. obturador de tiro) - a device for blocking and separating otd. reservoirs (oil, gas, etc.) in cased boreholes, acting due to the energy of the explosion of a powder charge. B. p. creates a sealed plug in the barrel that can withstand a pressure drop of up to 30 MPa. The most common B. p. is a hollow cylinder made of aluminum alloys, which, when a powder charge is triggered, is deformed and pressed into the casing. When choosing a charge, use nomograms that take into account the internal. casing diameter and hydrostatic pressure. There are B. p .: annular, the body of which is pressed into the casing; slip - with a column carried out using slips; umbrella type, which open after being lowered into the well and sealed with cement from the bailer. Ring B. p. are used to isolate an intermediate flooded reservoir, while maintaining the lower in operation. . Slip-on windrowers are used for work at great depths under conditions of elevated pressure (up to 150 MPa) and temperature (up to 200 ° C). Literature: Levin E. A., Lovlya S. A., The use of an explosive packer to isolate layers in cased wells, M., 1973. C.A. Catching.

Mountain Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Edited by E. A. Kozlovsky. 1984-1991 .

See what the "Explosive Packer" is in other dictionaries:

vibro packer- explosive packer blast packer Sprengpackung, Sprengstoffpaket formations (naphtha, gas, and insh.) in the cased drilling boreholes, which are responsible for the fluctuation of the energy of the powder charge. V.p. create in… … Girnichiy encyclopedic dictionary

This article or section needs revision. Please improve the article in accordance with the rules for writing articles. VP: VP ... Wikipedia

VP- 1. Induced polarization (IP) 2. Petrol. explosive packer 3. Virtual path… Universal additional practical explanatory dictionary by I. Mostitsky

VP- community-acquired pneumonia honey. VP waiting position military. Dictionaries: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M .: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p., S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations ... ...

STOL- control remote point KVP cognitive evoked potential honey. STOL conveyor high performance STOL short takeoff and landing… Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

VPM- the value of the subsistence level of the VPM platoon of underwater bridges of the military. Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. VPM military mail bag ... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

VPSH- constant pitch screw Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. VPSh Higher Order of Lenin Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU istor., ... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

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6.2. Slip-on explosive packer type VPSH

Slip explosive packers of the VPSh types (Fig.6.2. Table 6.2) consist of a packer part and a chamber, with the help of which the packer is installed in the well. The packer part is connected to the chamber by means of a threaded stud made of aluminum alloy, the diameter of which is designed for a certain breaking force. The packer part includes a rod with a rubber cuff mounted on it, cones, rams and locking elements. The chamber consists of a housing, a movable sleeve, a tip and a plug with sealing rings and an electric inlet. A ZVPSH charge is connected to the inside of the electrical input (Fig. 6.3), which contains 120 g of explosive with a total mass of 232 g.

Rice. 6.3. ZVPSH charge.

1 - cork;2 - squib;3 - head;4 - spring;5 - net; 6- lid;
7 - ignitethread;8 - shell;9 - charge;10 - bottom
In order to avoid sharp impacts of the sleeve on the tip, which is possible after the packer part is disconnected, a hydraulic brake is used in the chamber design, for which oil (cylinder or industrial 50) is poured into the brake cavity.

When the charge is ignited by the pressure of powder gases, the sleeve moves relative to the body, upsetting the dies on the rod of the packer part until it stops in the casing and compressing the rubber cuff. The slips hold the packer in the hole, and the expanded rubber collar ensures tightness. After planting the packer part in the casing, the increasing pressure of the powder gases breaks the connecting pin.

Rice. 6.2. Slip-on explosive packer type VPSH

1 - cable; 2 - cable head;3 - perforator headtype PK85;
4 - load (perforator body typePC85); 5 - wire; 6 - outer part of the electrical input;7 - cork: 8 - inner partelectrical input;9 - squib;10 - charge;11 - sleeve (piston);12 - frame; 13 - free cavity; 14 - space for brake fluid; 15- tip;16 - connecting pin;17 - lock nut (cage);18 - die;19 - cone;20 - cuff; 21 - stock
Table 6.2

Technical characteristics of explosive packers type VPSH

Explosive packers, to umulative torpedoes, detonating cords

Explosive packers

Explosive packers are installed in wells fixed with casing pipes to isolate the layers in the exploration well during their sequential testing from the bottom up (VP), to isolate the interval or part of it in the production and injection wells, to create an artificial bottomhole in the well.

Peculiarities:

Explosive packers have a body made of aluminum alloy, which, at a given depth of the well, when triggered, is deformed under the action of powder gases pressure until it firmly adheres to the walls of the casing. Explosive packers are equipped with an automatic release unit from the geophysical cable with a cable head, weight and adapter, which are removed from the well and reused. The parts of the explosive packers remaining in the well, if necessary, are eliminated by drilling out. Smoke powder is used as a charge, the mass of which for each type of packer size is calculated according to special graphs depending on the inner diameter, casing wall thickness and hydrostatic pressure in the setting interval. The charge is ignited using an electric igniter EVPT.

Specifications for explosive packers

HEAT torpedoes

TKO-type cumulative torpedoes of axial action are designed to destroy bits, couplings, pipe adapters and other parts of the drill string remaining at the bottom or in the wellbore, interfering with the normal drilling process. Torpedoes can be used for crushing boulders and hard rocks that make it difficult to drill wells, in cases of eliminating stuck bits and a number of other “non-standard” accidents, for example, to destroy failed valves in pipes.

Cumulative torpedoes of axial action

Torpedoes of the TKO and TKOT types (Fig. 5) consist of a sealed body and an explosive charge with a special cumulative recess lined with a metal funnel. The manufacturer supplies torpedoes equipped without initiation means, complete with parts that ensure the descent of torpedoes into the well on a geophysical cable. The final loading of torpedoes - the installation of the means of initiation - is carried out immediately before descending into the well.

Rice. 5. Cumulative axial torpedo. The torpedo descends on a geophysical cable, an electric detonator is used as a fuse, to which an electric wire is supplied.

The shaped charges of torpedoes differ from the shaped charges of perforators by a smaller (30-35°) opening angle of the cone of a metal funnel, significant dimensions and a higher blasting (crushing) effect. The initiation of the explosive charge is carried out with an explosive cartridge of the PG type or with an electric fuse B-473A (maximum allowable pressure 100 MPa, temperature 150 ° C).

When the torpedo charge explodes, a cumulative jet is formed, which forms a cone-shaped channel in the destructible metal. Its depth reaches 1.4-3 diameters d s of the explosive charge (caliber), the entrance diameter is (0.3-0.6) d s. The formation of a channel greatly enhances the destructive effect of the explosion - the metal is broken into pieces. The degree of its destruction depends on the ratio of the diameters of the torpedo and the hole, the mass of the metal, the design of the torpedo, the strength properties of the rock at the place of torpedoing, the relative position of the torpedo and the metal, and the magnitude of the hydrostatic pressure.

TKO-type torpedoes are assembled immediately before being lowered into the well. A weight with an adapter is attached to the cable. A B-473 A electric fuse or a fighter with an explosive cartridge of the PG type is screwed into the torpedo socket. The torpedo is connected to the adapter. Conductive core of the cable through the window in the adapter is brought out and connected to the conductor from the fuse. After the connection, the wire is laid in the internal cavity of the adapter and tied to its walls to protect it from breaking when the torpedo is lowered into the well.

To initialize the PVA charges, detonating cords of the LH and explosive devices are used. Let's consider them in more detail.

detonating cord

The cord is intended for excitation of detonation in shaped charges of shellless perforators and cord torpedoes operating in wells in direct contact with the downhole environment. Cords of the DShT, DShT-200, DShTV-150/800 brands are used. The core of the cord consists of a high explosive - PETN.

Cords must be used in accordance with the requirements of GOST 6196-78 at a temperature determined for each type of cord.

The cord is undermined by an electric detonator or a blasting cap. Up to six ends of a detonating cord can be attached to one electric detonator or detonator cap. With a larger number of ends, the cords should be tied to an explosive cartridge, the cartridge should be blown up with an electric detonator or a detonator cap.

When laying out the cord, bends, sharp corners and intersections are not allowed. The connection of two segments of the cord should be made with a marine knot into an overlay in a section not less than 1 m long.

Attaching the segments of the detonating cord to the main line is to be carried out in such a way that the direction of detonation along the attached segment coincides with the direction of detonation along the main line.

Detonating cords serving as branches should be laid from the junctions to the charges so that they do not touch or intersect with one another, do not form loops, and are taut.

The cord is cut into segments of the required length with a clean, sharp knife on a wooden substrate without nails and foreign objects.

The installation of the explosive chain must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Uniform Safety Rules for Blasting Operations.

Two boxes are selected from each batch that arrived at the consumer's warehouse, from which the cord is subjected to external inspection. Boxes must be sealed, clearly marked and undamaged. When examining the cord, the absence of a core gap is established.

Minor defects in appearance are allowed, namely minor dents, roughness and delamination of up to three braid threads over a length of up to 50 mm.

Specifications DShTV-150/800:

- the linear density of the core of the cord is 35 g/m