Because of what the Chechen war began briefly. Chechen war: causes and results




	Chechnya, then the entire North Caucasus
	Invasion of militants in Dagestan, explosions of residential buildings
	Victory of the federal troops: 1 - Restoration of the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation 2 - The actual liquidation of the CRI 3 - The militants switched to insurgent activity
Opponents
Russian Federation	Islamic State of Dagestan
	Caucasian Emirate
	foreign fighters
	Al Qaeda
Commanders
Boris Yeltsin	Aslan Maskhadov †
Vladimir Putin	Abdul-Khalim Saidulaev †
	Doku Umarov (wanted)
Viktor Kazantsev	Ruslan Gelaev †
Gennady Troshev	Shamil Basaev †
Vladimir Shamanov	Vakha Arsanov †
Alexander Baranov	Arbi Baraev †
Valentin Korabelnikov	Movsar Baraev †
Anatoly Kvashnin	Abdul-Malik Mezhidov †
Vladimir Moltenskoy	Suleiman Elmurzaev †
Akhmad Kadyrov †	Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov †
Ramzan Kadyrov	Salman Raduev †
Dzhabrail Yamadayev †	Rappani Khalilov †
Sulim Yamadayev †	Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev †
Said-Magomed Kakiev	Aslanbek Ismailov †
	Vakha Dzhenaraliev†
	Ahmed Evloev
	Khattab †
	Abu al-Walid †
	Abu Hafs al-Urdani †
Side forces
80,000 troops	22,000 fighters

Over 6,000 dead	Over 20,000 killed

(officially called counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus (WHO) - the common name for hostilities in Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus. It began on September 30, 1999 (the date of entry of the Russian Armed Forces into Chechnya). The active phase of hostilities lasted from 1999 to 2000, then, as the Russian Armed Forces established control over the territory of Chechnya, it escalated into a smoldering conflict, which actually continues to this day. From 00:00 on April 16, 2009, the CTO regime was canceled.

background

After the signing of the Khasavyurt Accords and the withdrawal of Russian troops in 1996, there was no peace and tranquility in Chechnya and its adjacent regions.

Chechen criminal structures with impunity did business on mass kidnappings. Hostages were regularly taken for ransom - both official Russian representatives and foreign citizens working in Chechnya - journalists, humanitarian workers, religious missionaries, and even people who came to the funeral of relatives. In particular, in the Nadterechny district in November 1997, two citizens of Ukraine were captured, who came to the funeral of their mother; in 1998, Turkish builders and businessmen were regularly kidnapped and taken to Chechnya in the neighboring republics of the North Caucasus; abducted French citizen, representative of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees Vincent Koshtel. He was released in Chechnya 11 months later, on October 3, 1998, four employees of the British company Granger Telecom were kidnapped in Grozny, in December they were brutally murdered and beheaded). The bandits profited from the theft of oil from oil pipelines and oil wells, the production and smuggling of drugs, the production and distribution of counterfeit banknotes, terrorist attacks and attacks on neighboring Russian regions. On the territory of Chechnya, camps were set up for the training of militants - young people from the Muslim regions of Russia. Mine-blasting instructors and Islamic preachers were sent here from abroad. Numerous Arab volunteers began to play a significant role in the life of Chechnya. Their main goal was to destabilize the situation in the Russian regions neighboring Chechnya and spread the ideas of separatism to the North Caucasian republics (primarily Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria).

In early March 1999, Gennady Shpigun, the plenipotentiary representative of the Russian Interior Ministry in Chechnya, was abducted by terrorists at the Grozny airport. For the Russian leadership, this was evidence that CRI President Maskhadov was not in a position to fight terrorism on his own. The federal center took measures to intensify the fight against Chechen gangs: self-defense units were armed and police units were reinforced along the entire perimeter of Chechnya, the best operatives of units to combat ethnic organized crime were sent to the North Caucasus, several Tochka-U rocket launchers were deployed from the Stavropol Territory. ", designed for delivering pinpoint strikes. An economic blockade of Chechnya was introduced, which led to the fact that the cash flow from Russia began to dry up sharply. Due to the tightening of the regime at the border, it has become increasingly difficult to smuggle drugs into Russia and take hostages. Gasoline produced at clandestine factories has become impossible to take out of Chechnya. The fight against Chechen criminal groups that actively financed the militants in Chechnya was also intensified. In May-July 1999, the Chechen-Dagestan border turned into a militarized zone. As a result, the incomes of Chechen warlords were sharply reduced and they had problems with the purchase of weapons and payment of mercenaries. In April 1999, Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov, who successfully led a number of operations during the First Chechen War, was appointed commander-in-chief of the internal troops. In May 1999, Russian helicopters launched a missile attack on the positions of Khattab militants on the Terek River in response to an attempt by gangs to seize an outpost of internal troops on the Chechen-Dagestan border. After that, Interior Minister Vladimir Rushailo announced the preparation of large-scale preventive strikes.

Meanwhile, Chechen gangs under the command of Shamil Basayev and Khattab were preparing for an armed invasion of Dagestan. From April to August 1999, conducting reconnaissance in combat, they made more than 30 sorties in Stavropol and Dagestan alone, as a result of which several dozen military personnel, law enforcement officers and civilians were killed and injured. Realizing that the strongest groupings of federal troops were concentrated in the Kizlyar and Khasavyurt directions, the militants decided to strike at the mountainous part of Dagestan. When choosing this direction, the bandit formations proceeded from the fact that there are no troops there, and it will not be possible to transfer forces to this hard-to-reach area in the shortest possible time. In addition, the militants counted on a possible blow to the rear of the federal forces from the Kadar zone of Dagestan, which since August 1998 has been controlled by local Wahhabis.

As the researchers note, the destabilization of the situation in the North Caucasus was beneficial to many. First of all, Islamic fundamentalists seeking to spread their influence throughout the world, as well as Arab oil sheikhs and financial oligarchs of the Persian Gulf countries, who are not interested in starting the exploitation of oil and gas fields in the Caspian.

On August 7, 1999, a massive invasion of militants into Dagestan was carried out from the territory of Chechnya under the overall command of Shamil Basayev and the Arab field commander Khattab. The core of the militant group was made up of foreign mercenaries and fighters of the Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade associated with al-Qaeda. The plan of the militants to transfer the population of Dagestan to their side failed, the Dagestanis put up desperate resistance to the invading bandits. The Russian authorities offered the Ichkerian leadership to conduct a joint operation with the federal forces against the Islamists in Dagestan. It was also proposed to "resolve the issue of liquidating the bases, places of storage and recreation of illegal armed groups, from which the Chechen leadership in every possible way disowns." Aslan Maskhadov verbally condemned the attacks on Dagestan and their organizers and inspirers, but did not take real measures to counter them.

For more than a month there were battles between the federal forces and the invading militants, which ended with the fact that the militants were forced to retreat from the territory of Dagestan back to Chechnya. On the same days - September 4-16 - in several Russian cities (Moscow, Volgodonsk and Buynaksk) a series of terrorist acts were carried out - explosions of residential buildings.

Considering Maskhadov's inability to control the situation in Chechnya, the Russian leadership decided to conduct a military operation to destroy the militants in Chechnya. On September 18, the borders of Chechnya were blocked by Russian troops.

On September 23, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree "On Measures to Increase the Efficiency of Counter-Terrorist Operations in the North Caucasus Region of the Russian Federation." The decree provided for the creation of the United Group of Forces in the North Caucasus to conduct a counter-terrorist operation.

On September 23, Russian troops began a massive bombardment of Grozny and its environs, on September 30 they entered the territory of Chechnya.

Character

Having broken the resistance of the militants by the forces of the army units and internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (the command of the Russian troops successfully uses military tricks, such as, for example, luring militants into minefields, raids behind enemy lines, and many others), the Kremlin relied on the “Chechenization” of the conflict and poaching parts of the elite and former members of the Chechen armed formations took their side. So, in 2000, a former supporter of the separatists, the chief mufti of Chechnya, Akhmat Kadyrov, became the head of the pro-Kremlin administration of Chechnya in 2000. The militants, on the contrary, relied on the internationalization of the conflict, involving armed detachments of non-Chechen origin in their struggle. By the beginning of 2005, after the destruction of Maskhadov, Khattab, Baraev, Abu al-Walid and many other field commanders, the intensity of the sabotage and terrorist activities of the militants decreased significantly. During 2005-2008, not a single major terrorist attack was committed in Russia, and the only large-scale operation of militants (Raid on Kabardino-Balkaria on October 13, 2005) ended in complete failure. However, since 2010, several major terrorist attacks have been noted, the terrorist act in Vladikavkaz (2010), the terrorist act at Domodedovo airport).

KGB General Filipp Bobkov in 2005 gave the following description of the actions of the Chechen resistance: “These operations are not much different from the military operations of the Israelis before the creation of their state in Palestine, and then the Palestinian extremists in Israel or now the Albanian armed formations in Kosovo.”

Chronology

1999

Aggravation of the situation on the border with Chechnya

Attack on Dagestan

August 1 - Armed detachments from the villages of Echeda, Gakko, Gigatl and Agvali of the Tsumadinsky district of Dagestan, as well as Chechens supporting them, announced that Sharia rule was being introduced in the area.
August 2 - In the area of the village of Echeda in the high-mountainous Tsumadinsky district of Dagestan, a clash broke out between policemen and Wahhabis. Deputy Interior Minister of Dagestan Magomed Omarov flew to the scene. As a result of the incident, 1 riot policeman and several Wahhabis were killed. According to the local police department, the incident was provoked by Chechnya.
August 3 - As a result of skirmishes in the Tsumadinsky district of Dagestan with Islamic extremists who broke through from Chechnya, two more employees of the Dagestan police and one serviceman of the Russian internal troops were killed. Thus, the losses of the Dagestan police reached four people killed, in addition, two policemen were injured and three more were missing. Meanwhile, one of the leaders of the Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan, Shamil Basayev, announced the creation of an Islamic Shura, which has its own armed units in Dagestan, which established control over several settlements in the Tsumadinsky district. The Dagestan leadership is asking the federal authorities for weapons for self-defense units that are planned to be created on the border of Chechnya and Dagestan. This decision was made by the State Council of the People's Assembly and the Government of the Republic. The attacks of militants were qualified by the official authorities of Dagestan as: "an open armed aggression of extremist forces against the Republic of Dagestan, an open encroachment on the territorial integrity and foundations of its constitutional order, the life and safety of residents."
August 4 - Up to 500 militants thrown back from the regional center of Aghvali dug in at previously prepared positions in one of the mountain villages, but they do not put forward any demands and do not enter into negotiations. Presumably, they have three employees of the Tsumadinsky regional department of internal affairs, who disappeared on August 3. The power ministers and ministries of Chechnya have been transferred to a round-the-clock mode of operation. This was done in accordance with the decree of Chechen President Aslan Maskhadov. True, the Chechen authorities deny the connection of these measures with the hostilities in Dagestan. At 12.10 Moscow time, on one of the roads in the Botlikh district of Dagestan, five armed men opened fire on police officers who tried to stop a Niva car for inspection. In the shootout, two bandits were killed and a car was damaged. There were no casualties among the security forces. Two Russian attack aircraft delivered a powerful missile and bomb attack on the village of Kenkhi, where a large detachment of militants was prepared to be sent to Dagestan. The regrouping of the forces of the internal troops of the Operational Group in the North Caucasus began to block the border with Chechnya. In Tsumadinsky and Botlikhsky districts of Dagestan, it is planned to deploy additional units of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
August 5 - In the morning, the redeployment of units of the 102nd brigade of internal troops began in the Tsumadinsky district in accordance with the plan for blocking the administrative Dagestan-Chechen border. This decision was made by Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov, commander of the internal troops, during a trip to the places of recent hostilities. Meanwhile, sources in the Russian special services said that a rebellion was being prepared in Dagestan. According to the plan, a group of 600 militants was transferred to Dagestan through the village of Kenkhi. According to the same plan, the city of Makhachkala will be divided into areas of responsibility of field commanders, as well as hostage-taking in the most crowded places, after which the official authorities of Dagestan will be asked to resign. However, the official authorities of Makhachkala refute this information.
August 7 - September 14 - from the territory of the CRI, detachments of field commanders Shamil Basayev and Khattab invaded the territory of Dagestan. Fierce fighting continued for more than a month. The official government of the CRI, unable to control the actions of various armed groups on the territory of Chechnya, dissociated itself from the actions of Shamil Basayev, but did not take practical actions against him.
August 12 - Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation I. Zubov said that the President of the CRI Maskhadov "has been sent a letter with a proposal to conduct a joint operation with the federal troops against the Islamists in Dagestan."
August 13 - Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin said that "strike will be inflicted on the bases and concentrations of militants, regardless of their location, including on the territory of Chechnya."
August 16 - CRI President Aslan Maskhadov introduced martial law in Chechnya for a period of 30 days, announced a partial mobilization of reservists and participants in the First Chechen War.

Air bombardments of Chechnya

August 25 - Russian aviation strikes militant bases in the Vedeno Gorge of Chechnya. In response to an official protest from the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the command of the federal forces declares that it "reserves the right to strike at militant bases on the territory of any North Caucasian region, including Chechnya."
September 6 - 18 - Russian aviation inflicts numerous missile and bomb strikes on military camps and fortifications of militants in Chechnya.
September 11 - Maskhadov announced a general mobilization in Chechnya.
September 14 - Putin announced that "the Khasavyurt agreements should be subjected to an impartial analysis", as well as "temporarily impose a strict quarantine" along the entire perimeter of Chechnya.
September 18 - Russian troops block the border of Chechnya from Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia and Ingushetia.
September 23 - Russian aviation began bombing the capital of Chechnya and its environs. As a result, several electrical substations, a number of oil and gas plants, the Grozny mobile communications center, a television and radio broadcasting center, and an An-2 aircraft were destroyed. The press service of the Russian Air Force stated that "aircraft will continue to strike targets that gangs can use to their advantage."
September 27 - Chairman of the Government of Russia V. Putin categorically rejected the possibility of a meeting between the Presidents of Russia and CRI. "There will be no meetings to let the militants lick their wounds," he said.

Start of ground operation

2000

2001

January 23 - Vladimir Putin decided to reduce and partially withdraw troops from Chechnya.
June 23-24 - in the village of Alkhan-kala, a special combined detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB conducted a special operation to eliminate a detachment of militants of field commander Arbi Baraev. 16 militants were killed, including Barayev himself.
June 25-26 - militant attack on Khankala
July 11 - Khattab's assistant Abu Umar was killed in the course of a special operation by the FSB and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in the village of Mayrtup, Shali district of Chechnya.
August 25 - Field commander Movsan Suleimenov, Arbi Barayev's nephew, was killed in the course of a special operation by FSB officers in the city of Argun.
September 17 - a Mi-8 helicopter with a commission of the General Staff on board was shot down in Grozny (2 generals and 8 officers were killed).
September 17-18 - an attack by militants on Gudermes: the attack was repulsed, as a result of the use of the Tochka-U missile system, a group of more than 100 people was destroyed.
November 3 - during a special operation, the influential field commander Shamil Iriskhanov, who was part of Basayev's inner circle, was killed.
December 15 - Federal forces killed 20 militants in Argun during a special operation.

2002

January 27 - Mi-8 helicopter was shot down in the Shelkovsky district of Chechnya. Among the dead were Lieutenant-General Mikhail Rudchenko, Deputy Interior Minister of the Russian Federation, and Major-General Nikolai Goridov, Commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Chechnya.
March 20 - as a result of a special operation by the FSB, the terrorist Khattab was killed by poisoning.
April 18 - in his Address to the Federal Assembly, President Vladimir Putin announced the end of the military stage of the conflict in Chechnya.
May 9 - A terrorist attack occurred in Kaspiysk during the celebration of Victory Day. 43 people died, more than 100 were injured.
August 19 - Chechen separatists from the Igla MANPADS shot down a Russian Mi-26 military transport helicopter near the Khankala military base. Of the 147 people on board, 127 were killed.
August 25 - the well-known field commander Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev was killed in Shali.
September 23 - Raid on Ingushetia (2002)
October 10 - in Grozny, an explosion occurred in the building of the Zavodskoy District Department of Internal Affairs. An explosive device was planted in the office of the head of the department. 25 policemen were killed, about 20 were injured.
October 23 - 26 - hostage-taking in the theater center on Dubrovka in Moscow, 129 hostages were killed. All 44 terrorists were killed, including Movsar Baraev.
December 27 - the explosion of the Government House in Grozny. More than 70 people were killed in the attack. Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility for the attack.

2003

May 12 - in the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district of Chechnya, three suicide bombers carried out a terrorist attack in the area of the administration buildings of the Nadterechny district and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The car "KamAZ", stuffed with explosives, demolished the barrier in front of the building and exploded. 60 people were killed, more than 250 were injured.
May 14 - in the village of Ilskhan-Yurt, Gudermes region, a suicide bomber blew herself up in the crowd at the celebration of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, where Akhmat Kadyrov was present. 18 people were killed, 145 people were injured.
June 5 - A suicide bomber blew herself up next to a passenger bus carrying air base employees on their way to a military base in Mozdok. 16 people died on the spot. Four more died from their wounds later.
July 5 - terrorist attack in Moscow at the rock festival "Wings". 16 people died, 57 were injured.
August 1 - Undermining a military hospital in Mozdok. An army truck "KamAZ" loaded with explosives rammed the gate and exploded near the building. There was one suicide bomber in the cockpit. The death toll was 52 people.
September 3 - a terrorist attack in the Kislovodsk-Minvody train on the Podkumok-White Coal section, the railway tracks were blown up using a landmine: 5 people died and 20 were injured.
November 23 - three kilometers east of Serzhen-Yurt, GRU special forces destroyed a gang of mercenaries from Germany, Turkey and Algeria, numbering about 20 people.
December 5 - suicide attack on the Kislovodsk-Minvody train in Essentuki: 41 people died, 212 were injured.
December 9 - suicide attack near the National Hotel (Moscow).
December 15, 2003 - February 28, 2004 - Raid on Dagestan by a detachment under the command of Ruslan Gelaev.

2004

February 6 - a terrorist attack in the Moscow metro, on the stretch between the stations "Avtozavodskaya" and "Paveletskaya". 39 people died, 122 were injured.
February 28 - well-known field commander Ruslan Gelaev was mortally wounded during a skirmish with border guards
April 16 - during the shelling of the mountain ranges of Chechnya, the leader of foreign mercenaries in Chechnya, Abu al-Walid al-Ghamidi, was killed
May 9 - in Grozny at the Dynamo stadium, where the parade in honor of Victory Day was held, at 10:32 a powerful explosion thundered on the newly renovated VIP stand. At that moment, Chechen President Akhmat Kadyrov, Chairman of the State Council of the Chechen Republic Kh. Isaev, Commander of the Joint Group of Forces in the North Caucasus General V. Baranov, Chechen Interior Minister Alu Alkhanov and military commandant of the republic G. Fomenko were on it. Directly during the explosion, 2 people died, 4 more died in hospitals: Akhmat Kadyrov, Kh. Isaev, Reuters journalist A. Khasanov, a child (whose name was not reported) and two Kadyrov's guards. In total, 63 people, including 5 children, were injured in the explosion in Grozny.
June 21 - 22 - Raid on Ingushetia
July 12 - 13 - a large detachment of militants captured the village of Avtury, Shali district
August 21 - 400 militants attacked Grozny. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya, 44 people were killed and 36 seriously injured.
August 24 - Explosions of two Russian passenger airliners killed 89 people.
August 31 - a terrorist attack near the metro station "Rizhskaya" in Moscow. 10 people were killed, more than 50 people were injured.
September 1 - 3 - a terrorist act in Beslan, as a result of which 334 people died, 186 of whom were children.
October 7 - an African-American demolition instructor Khalil Rudvan was killed in a battle north of Niki-Khita, Kurchaloevsky district.

2005

February 18 - as a result of a special operation in the Oktyabrsky district of Grozny, the forces of the PPS-2 detachment destroyed the "Emir of Grozny" Yunadi Turchaev, the "right hand" of one of the leaders of the terrorists, Doku Umarov.
March 8 - During a special operation by the FSB in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, CRI President Aslan Maskhadov was liquidated.
May 15 - Vakha Arsanov, former vice-president of the CRI, was killed in Grozny. Arsanov and his accomplices, being in a private house, fired at a police patrol and were destroyed by the arriving reinforcements.
May 15 - Rasul Tambulatov (Volchek) "Emir" of the Shelkovsky District of the Chechen Republic was killed as a result of a special operation by the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Dubov forest of the Shelkovsky District.
June 4 - Cleansing in the village of Borozdinovskaya
October 13 - An attack by militants on the city of Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria), as a result of which, according to the Russian authorities, 12 civilians and 35 law enforcement officers were killed. Destroyed, according to various sources, from 40 to 124 militants.

2006

January 31 - Russian President Vladimir Putin said at a press conference that now we can talk about the end of the counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
February 9-11 - in the village of Tukuy-Mekteb in the Stavropol Territory, 12 so-called militants were killed during a special operation. "Nogai battalion of the Armed Forces of the CRI", federal forces lost 7 people killed. During the operation, the federal side actively uses helicopters and tanks.
March 28 - in Chechnya, the former head of the state security department of the CRI, Sultan Geliskhanov, voluntarily surrendered to the authorities.
June 16 - the "President of the CRI" Abdul-Khalim Sadulaev was destroyed in Argun
July 4 - A military convoy was attacked in Chechnya near the village of Avtury in the Shali region. Representatives of the federal forces report 6 killed servicemen, bandits - more than 20.
July 9 - The website of Chechen militants "Caucasus Center" announced the creation of the Ural and Volga fronts as part of the CRI Armed Forces.
July 10 - in Ingushetia, one of the terrorist leaders Shamil Basayev was killed as a result of a special operation (according to other sources - he died due to careless handling of explosives)
July 12 - on the border of Chechnya and Dagestan, the police of both republics destroy a relatively large, but poorly armed gang, consisting of 15 militants. 13 bandits were killed, 2 more were detained.
August 23 - Chechen fighters attacked a military convoy on the Grozny-Shatoy highway, not far from the entrance to the Argun Gorge. The column consisted of a Ural vehicle and two escort armored personnel carriers. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic, four servicemen of the federal forces were wounded as a result.
November 7 - in the area of the village of Dai, Shatoi region, a gang of S.-E. Dadaev, seven riot police from Mordovia were killed.
November 26 - The leader of foreign mercenaries in Chechnya, Abu Hafs al-Urdani, was killed in Khasavyurt. Together with him, 4 more militants were killed.

2007

April 4 - in the vicinity of the village of Agish-batoy, Vedeno district of Chechnya, one of the most influential militant leaders, commander of the Eastern Front of the CHRIS, Suleiman Ilmurzaev (call sign "Khairulla"), who was involved in the assassination of Chechen President Akhmat Kadyrov, was killed.
June 13 - in the Vedeno district on the Upper Kurchali - Belgata highway, militants shot at a column of police cars.
July 23 - a battle near the village of Tazen-Kale, Vedensky district, between Sulim Yamadayev's Vostok battalion and a detachment of Chechen fighters led by Doku Umarov. It is reported about the death of 6 militants.
September 18 - as a result of a counter-terrorist operation in the village of Novy Sulak, the "Amir Rabbani" - Rappani Khalilov, was destroyed.
October 7 - Doku Umarov announced the abolition of the CRI and its transformation into the "Vilayat Nokhchicho of the Caucasus Emirate"

2008

January - during special operations in Makhachkala and the Tabasaran region of Dagestan, at least 9 militants were killed, and 6 of them were part of the group of field commander I. Mallochiev. There were no casualties on the part of the security forces in these clashes. At the same time, during the clashes in Grozny, the Chechen police destroyed 5 militants, among them was the field commander U. Techiev - the "emir" of the capital of Chechnya.
March 19 - an armed attack by militants was carried out on the village of Alkhazurovo. As a result, seven people, five law enforcement officers and two civilians, were killed.
May 5 - a military vehicle was blown up by a landmine in the village of Tashkola, a suburb of Grozny. 5 policemen were killed, 2 were wounded.
June 13 - night sortie of militants in the village of Benoy-Vedeno
September 2008 - the major leaders of the Dagestan illegal armed formations, Ilgar Mallochiev and A. Gudaev, were killed, up to 10 militants in total.
December 18 - a battle in the city of Argun, 2 policemen were killed and 6 wounded. 1 person was killed by militants in Argun.
December 23-25 - a special operation by the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the village of Upper Alkun in Ingushetia. Field commander Vakha Dzhenaraliyev, who fought against federal troops in Chechnya and Ingushetia since 1999, and his deputy Khamkhoev, were killed; a total of 12 militants were killed. 4 bases of illegal armed formations have been liquidated.
June 19 - Said Buryatsky announced his accession to the underground.

2009

April 15 is the last day of the counterterrorist operation regime.

Aggravation of the situation in the North Caucasus in 2009

Despite the official cancellation of the counterterrorist operation on April 16, 2009, the situation in the region has not become calmer, rather the opposite. The militants leading the guerrilla war have become more active, and cases of terrorist acts have become more frequent. Since the autumn of 2009, a number of major special operations have been carried out to eliminate gangs and militant leaders. In response, a series of terrorist attacks were carried out, including, for the first time in a long time, in Moscow.

Combat clashes, terrorist attacks and police operations are actively taking place not only on the territory of Chechnya, but also on the territory of Ingushetia, Dagestan, and Kabardino-Balkaria. In some territories, the CTO regime was repeatedly temporarily introduced.

Starting from May 15, 2009, Russian power structures stepped up operations against militant groups in the mountainous regions of Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan, which caused a reciprocal intensification of terrorist activity on the part of the militants. At the end of July 2010, there are all signs of an escalation of the conflict and its spread to nearby regions.

Command

Heads of the Regional Operational Headquarters for the Counter-Terrorist Operation in the North Caucasus (2001-2006)

The Regional Operational Headquarters (ROSH) was established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 22, 2001 No. 61 "On measures to combat terrorism in the territory of the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation."

German Ugryumov (January - May 2001)
Anatoly Yezhkov (June 2001 - July 2003)
Yuri Maltsev (July 2003 - September 2004)
Arkady Edelev (September 2004 - August 2006)

In 2006, on the basis of the ROSH, the Operational Headquarters of the Chechen Republic was created to conduct a counter-terrorist operation.

Commanders of the Joint Grouping of Troops (Forces) for Conducting Counter-Terrorist Operations on the Territory of the North Caucasus Region of the Russian Federation (since 1999)

The united group was formed by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 23, 1999 No. 1255s "On measures to increase the effectiveness of counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation."

Victor Kazantsev (September 1999 - February 2000)
Gennady Troshev (acting February - March 2000, commander April - June 2000)
Alexander Baranov (acting March 2000)
Alexander Baranov (acting July - September 2000, commander September 2000 - October 2001, September 2003 - May 2004)
Vladimir Moltenskoy (acting May - August 2001, commander October 2001 - September 2002)
Sergey Makarov (acting July - August 2002, commander October 2002 - September 2003)
Mikhail Pankov (acting May 2004)
Vyacheslav Dadonov (acting June 2004 - July 2005)
Evgeny Lazebin (July 2005 - June 2006)
Evgeny Baryaev (June - December 2006)
Yakov Nedobitko (December 2006 - January 2008)
Mykola Sivak (January 2008 - August 2011)
Sergey Melikov (since September 2011)

Conflict in literature, cinema, music

Books

Alexander Karasev. Traitor. Ufa: Vagant, 2011, 256 p. ISBN 978-5-9635-0344-7.
Alexander Karasev. Chechen stories. M.: Literary Russia, 2008, 320 p. ISBN 978-5-7809-0114-3.
Zherebtsova Polina Viktorovna Diary Zherebtsova Polina. Detective Press, 2011, 576 pp. ISBN 978-5-89935-101-3
Vyacheslav Mironov. "I was in that war."

Movies and series

War is a feature film.
Alexandra is a feature film.
Forced March is a feature film.
Caucasian Roulette is a feature film.
Man's work (8 serial film).
Storm Gates (4-episode film).
Special Forces (TV series).
I have the honor (TV series).
Lethal force-3 "Ultimate strength" (1st - 4th series)
Distrust is a documentary.
Live (film, 2006) - feature film
Breakthrough (film, 2006) - feature film

Songs and music

Songs dedicated to the Second Chechen War:

"Lube"- "After the war" (2000), "Soldier" (2000), Let's go for ... (2002)
Yuri Shevchuk- Star (2006), Smoke (2009)
Timur Gordeev- Tell me, Major, We're going home.
Timur Mutsuraev- "Hava Baraeva" (view from the side of the militants)
Igor Rasteryaev- "Song about Yura Prishchepny" (2011)
Nikolai Anisimov- Rooks have arrived (2010)

On September 30, 1999, the first units of the Russian army entered the territory of Chechnya. The second Chechen war or - officially - the counter-terrorist operation - lasted almost ten years, from 1999 to 2009. It was preceded by an attack by militants Shamil Basayev and Khattab on Dagestan and a series of terrorist attacks in Buynaksk, Volgodonsk and Moscow that took place from 4 to 16 September 1999.

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Russia was shocked by a series of monstrous terrorist attacks in 1999. On the night of September 4, a house in the military town of Buynaksk (Dagestan) was blown up. 64 people were killed and 146 were injured. By itself, this terrible crime could not stir up the country, such precedents in the North Caucasus have become a common occurrence in recent years. But subsequent events showed that now the inhabitants of not a single Russian city, including the capital, can feel completely safe. The next explosions thundered already in Moscow. On the night of September 9-10 and September 13 (at 5 o'clock in the morning), 2 apartment buildings located on the street took off into the air along with sleeping residents. Guryanov (109 people died, more than 200 were injured) and on Kashirskoye Highway (more than 124 people died). Another explosion occurred in the center of Volgodonsk (Rostov Region), where 17 people died, 310 were injured and injured. According to the official version, the attacks were carried out by terrorists trained in the Khattab sabotage camps in Chechnya.

These events dramatically changed the mood in society. The inhabitant, faced with an unprecedented threat, was ready to support any forceful actions against the seceded republic. Unfortunately, few paid attention to the fact that the terrorist attacks themselves became an indicator of the biggest failure of the Russian special services, which failed to prevent them. In addition, it is difficult to completely exclude the version of involvement in the explosions of the FSB, especially after the mysterious events in Ryazan. Here, on the evening of September 22, 1999, bags with RDX and a detonator were found in the basement of one of the houses. On September 24, two suspects were detained by local Chekists, and it turned out that they were acting FSB officers from Moscow. Lubyanka urgently announced "anti-terrorist exercises that were taking place," and subsequent attempts to independently investigate these events were suppressed by the authorities.

Regardless of who was behind the massacre of Russian citizens that took place, the Kremlin used the events to the fullest. Now it was no longer about the defense of Russian territory proper in the North Caucasus, and not even about the blockade of Chechnya, reinforced by the bombardments that had already begun. The Russian leadership, with some delay, began to implement the plan prepared back in March 1999 for another invasion of the "rebellious republic".

On October 1, 1999, federal forces entered the territory of the republic. The northern regions (Naursky, Shelkovskaya and Nadterechny) were occupied practically without a fight. The Russian leadership decided not to stop at the Terek (as originally planned), but to continue the offensive along the flat part of Chechnya. At this stage, in order to avoid major losses (which could bring down the rating of Yeltsin's "successor"), the main stake was placed on the use of heavy weapons, which allowed the federal forces to avoid contact battles. In addition to this, the Russian command used the tactic of negotiations with local elders and field commanders. From the first, they sought the departure of Chechen detachments from settlements, threatening, otherwise, with massive air and artillery strikes. The second was offered to go over to the side of Russia and fight the Wahhabis together. In some places this tactic has been successful. On November 12, the commander of the Vostok group, General G. Troshev, occupied Gudermes, the second largest city in the republic, without a fight, the local field commanders, the Yamadayev brothers (two out of three), went over to the side of the federal forces. And V. Shamanov, who commanded the West grouping, preferred forceful methods of resolving problems that arose. So the village of Bamut was completely destroyed as a result of the November assault, but the regional center Achkhoy-Martan was occupied by Russian units without a fight.

The "carrot and stick" method used by the federal group worked flawlessly for another reason. In the flat part of the republic, the possibilities of defense for the Chechen army were extremely limited. Sh. Basayev, was well aware of the advantage of the Russian side in firepower. In this regard, he defended the option of withdrawing the Chechen army to the southern mountainous regions of the republic. Here, the federal forces, deprived of the support of armored vehicles and limited in the use of aviation, would inevitably face the prospect of contact battles, which the Russian command stubbornly tried to avoid. The Chechen President A. Maskhadov was the opponent of this plan. While continuing to call on the Kremlin for peace talks, he was unwilling at the same time to surrender the republic's capital without a fight. Being an idealist, A. Maskhadov believed that large one-time losses during the storming of Grozny would force the Russian leadership to start peace negotiations.

In the first half of December, federal forces occupied almost the entire flat part of the republic. Chechen detachments concentrated in mountainous areas, but a rather large garrison continued to hold Grozny, which was captured by Russian troops in early 2000 in the course of stubborn and bloody battles. This ended the active phase of the war. The following years, Russian special forces, together with local loyal forces, were engaged in cleaning up the territories of Chechnya and Dagestan from the remaining gangs of formations.

The problem of the status of the Chechen Republic by 2003-2004. leaves the current political agenda: the republic returns to the political and legal space of Russia, takes its positions as a subject of the Russian Federation, with elected authorities and a procedurally approved republican Constitution. Doubts about the legal validity of these procedures can hardly seriously change their results, which depend to a decisive extent on the ability of the federal and republican authorities to ensure the irreversibility of Chechnya's transition to the problems and concerns of peaceful life. Two serious threats remain within such a transition: (a) indiscriminate violence by federal forces, re-binding the sympathies of the Chechen population to terrorist resistance cells/practices and thus reinforcing the dangerous “occupation effect” – the effect of alienation between [Russia] and [ Chechens] as “parties to the conflict”; and (b) the formation of a closed authoritarian regime in the republic, legitimized and protected by federal authorities and alienated from broad strata/territorial or teip groups of the Chechen population. These two threats are capable of cultivating the ground in Chechnya for the return of mass illusions and actions related to the separation of the republic from Russia.

Mufti of Chechnya Akhmat Kadyrov, who died on May 9, 2004 as a result of a terrorist attack, becomes the head of the republic, who went over to the side of Russia. His successor was his son, Ramzan Kadyrov.

Gradually, with the cessation of foreign funding and the death of the leaders of the underground, the activity of the militants decreased. The federal center has sent and is sending large sums of money to help and restore peaceful life in Chechnya. In Chechnya, units of the Ministry of Defense and internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are stationed on a permanent basis, maintaining order in the republic. Whether the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will remain in Chechnya after the abolition of the KTO is not yet clear.

Assessing the current situation, we can say that the fight against separatism in Chechnya has been successfully completed. However, the victory cannot be called final. The North Caucasus is a rather turbulent region, in which various forces, both local and supported from abroad, are operating, seeking to fan the fire of a new conflict, so the final stabilization of the situation in the region is still far away.

BACKGROUND The Chechen war, in short, became the most terrible and cruel event for Russia after the collapse of the USSR. Opinion about it is still ambiguous. Some of the historians and analysts support the decision of the authorities to send troops, someone says that this difficult conflict could have been prevented and terrible losses avoided. Be that as it may, when talking about the Chechen war, first of all, you need to find out the reasons for its start. It should be remembered that this war is divided into two stages. First Chechen War d. Second Chechen War d.

Immediately after the collapse of the USSR, in September 1991, an armed coup led by Dzhokhar Dudayev took place in the republic. As a result, the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria emerged, which immediately declared its independence from the RSFSR. This event took place on November 1, 1991. Dudayev introduced martial law in the country and refused to negotiate with the Kremlin until the independence of Ichkeria was officially recognized by him. Also, the forces of the republic seized the military bases of Russian troops on its territory.

FIRST CHECHEN WAR () Date - December 11, 1994 - August 31, 1996 Place - Chechnya Result - Khasavyurt agreements Opponents - UNO-UNSO volunteers (Chechen separatists), Arab separatists

PROGRESS OF THE FIRST CHECHEN WAR Introduction of troops (December 1994) Storming of Grozny (December 1994 - March 1995) Establishment of control over the plain regions of Chechnya (March-April 1995) Establishment of control over the mountainous regions of Chechnya (May - June 1995) Terrorist act in Budennovsk ( June 1995) Terrorist act in Kizlyar (January 9-18, 1996) Attack of militants on Grozny (March 6-8, 1996) Battle near the village of Yaryshmardy (April 16, 1996) Liquidation of Dzhokhar Dudayev (April 21, 1996) Negotiations with separatists (May-July 1996) Operation Jihad (August 6-22, 1996) Khasavyurt Agreement (August 31, 1996)

THE FIRST CHECHEN WAR In September 1991, “The Joint Committee of the Chechen People, headed by Dudayev, seized power in Chechnya, announcing the creation of the Republic of Ichkeria. He formed his own army, began to pursue an anti-federal policy. In November 1994, Yeltsin issued an order to suppress an armed rebellion in Chechnya. The war has begun. The Russian command underestimated the enemy. In winter, bloody battles for Grozny took place. In the summer of 1995, Prime Minister V.S. Chernomyrdin entered into negotiations with the terrorists, as a result, the bandits left the city and went to Chechnya. At the end of 1995, hostilities intensified throughout the republic. The war became protracted. Moscow has finally realized that it is impossible to solve the problem of Chechnya by military confrontation. On August 31, 1996, a peace treaty was signed in Khasavyurt, which ended the first war. The first president of Chechnya, A. Maskhadov, was elected. De facto Chechnya became independent. Both in the center and in Chechnya, they understood that the signed agreement did not resolve the conflict.

LOSSES IN THE FIRST CHECHEN WAR Russia lost: a man killed missing / deserted / captured a man wounded Chechnya lost: a man killed thousands killed civilians Almost all of the non-Chechen population left the Chechen Republic.

Russia 1999 15 combat operations 2000 4 major combat operations 2001 2 major combat operations 2002 1 combat operation 2003 no major combat operations 2004 2 combat operations 2005 4 combat operations 2006 7 combat operations 2007 3 combat operations 2008 2 military operations Chechnya 1999 7 terrorist attacks 2000 - 4 terrorist attacks 2001 - 1 terrorist attack 2002 - 6 terrorist attacks 2003 - 6 terrorist attacks 2004 - 9 terrorist attacks 2005 - 1 terrorist attack 2006 - 2 terrorist attacks 2007 - 1 terrorist attack 2008 - 2 terrorist attacks PROGRESS OF THE SECOND CHECHEN WAR

In 1999, Chechen fighters attacked Dagestan. Russia unilaterally terminated the 1996 peace treaty. During this time, the Chechen leadership established links with international terrorist networks, formed special troops, organized the supply of weapons and the flow of funds. The goal is to capture the North Caucasus. The Russian leadership turned out to be powerless. In fact, Chechnya fell out of the Russian Federation. None of the center's peace initiatives had any effect. On September 23, Yeltsin signed a decree on the start of hostilities in Chechnya, and on October 18, federal troops surrounded Grozny. The civilians left the city. In February 2000, Grozny was taken, but the fighting continued until 2003. In March 2003, the Constitution of Chechnya was adopted, and A. Kadyrov was elected president. Gradually, economic life improved, but the political situation remained difficult: terrorist attacks continued.
UNFINISHED WAR After the end of the first Chechen campaign, the fate of more than 1,200 Russian servicemen remained unknown. Some of them were captured by Chechen fighters, some were lying in a foreign land, and the bodies of more than 500 soldiers were kept in the refrigerators of the 124th forensic laboratory in Rostov before the identification procedure. Thus, politicians and generals actually lost an entire regiment in Chechnya (and this is not counting more than 4 thousand soldiers and officers officially recognized as dead). At one time, Novaya Gazeta launched a campaign to search for the missing, release prisoners and hostages. This action was called "The Forgotten Regiment". As a result, with the help of journalists and readers of the newspaper, more than 150 captured servicemen and hostages were rescued from captivity in Chechnya, and mothers were helped to find and identify the remains of many dead children. In August 1999, after the attacks of the Basayev and Khattab gangs on Dagestan, the second Chechen campaign began. And again there was a problem of prisoners, hostages, missing persons. The authorities, as always, turned out to be unprepared to fully solve these problems.

Chechen war beginning
Chechen war reasons
Chechen war results

Briefly about the Chechen war

Сhechenskaya voyna (1994-1996) (1999 - 2001)

The Chechen war, in short, became the most terrible and cruel event for Russia after the collapse of the USSR. Opinion about it is still ambiguous. Some of the historians and analysts support the decision of the authorities to send troops into the territory of the Republic of Ichkeria, someone says that this difficult conflict could have been prevented and terrible losses avoided. Be that as it may, talking briefly about the Chechen war, first of all, you need to find out the reasons for its start. It should be remembered that this war is divided into two stages.

What is the background of the conflict?

Its origins go back to the 19th century, during the Caucasian War. As early as the 16th century, Russian Cossack settlements began to appear on the territory of the Caucasus. Despite the periodic raids of the highlanders, the settlers and the indigenous inhabitants of the Caucasus lived relatively peacefully, until the first campaigns of Russian troops in this region. In the middle of the 19th century, the territory of modern Chechnya became part of the Russian Empire.

In the republic itself, the social and economic situation was getting worse. The republic gradually turned into a criminal state.
In 1993, an opposition formed in Ichkeria, which tried to overthrow Dudayev's regime. In 1994, a civil war broke out in the republic.

The Russian army began hostilities against the separatists on December 11, 1994. It is not entirely correct to talk about the introduction of troops into the territory of the republic, since its self-proclamation was not recognized by anyone, and officially it remained the territory of the Russian Federation. Thus began the most massive and brutal war in the history of modern Russia. It is very difficult to give an estimate of the number of people affected by it, since sources give different figures. According to the official version, the number of Russian military dead is more than 4 thousand people.

August 31, 1996 first Chechen war ended with the signing of the Khasavyurt agreement. But the end of the conflict did not bring any peace and tranquility. Kidnappings and murders of people, terrorist attacks on the territory of Russia led to the second stage of the military confrontation.
Second Chechen War started in 1999 and ran until April 16, 2009. In fact, it was actively conducted by the armed forces of Russia until 2000. Then, as control was established over the republic, the local authorities began to deal with the further destruction of gangs.

More wars, battles, battles, riots and uprisings in Russia:

Afghan war

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