Many mushrooms of the family Rainwear (Lycoperdales) are often collectively referred to as "raincoats", although among them there are not only raincoats ( Lycoperdon), but also fluff (powder, Bovista), golovach (Calvatia) and some other types. Any mushroom picker has seen a variety of raincoats many times: with a smooth surface and with growths, warts and needles. These mushrooms also differ in the shape of the fruiting body: spherical, pear-shaped, egg-shaped, etc. White balls of some mushrooms lie on the ground, others rise on a false leg.

Raincoats grow in forests and parks, appear in the steppes, agricultural fields, pastures and manicured lawns. If you trample on a ripe mushroom, it will release "smoke" with spores.

Mushroom pickers often trample on raincoats to release a cloud of "smoke"

There are several popular names for raincoats: "grandfather's gunpowder", "dust duster", "wolf tobacco", "damn tobacco", "hare potato", "mushroom egg" and "forest egg".

Variety of species

Even an experienced mushroom picker is not always oriented in complex taxonomy. This applies to many mushrooms, including raincoats.

At first you call all the mushrooms “wolf tobacco”, then, having learned that these are raincoats, you will call them raincoats, and then you will figure out that raincoats are different: just a raincoat, prickly raincoat, pear-shaped raincoat, needle-shaped raincoat, blackish powder, round head, golovach oblong. (V.A. Soloukhin).

Raincoats, porkhovka and golovach belong to the group Gasteromycetes (« nutrevikov”), because their fruiting bodies remain intact until the spores mature. Then the shell breaks, which leads to the release of "smoke" with spores. These mushrooms are saprophytes, because They need decayed organic matter for food.

Here is a brief description of several mushrooms, which we call "puffballs". All of them are very tasty. They are harvested young while their fruiting bodies are firm and filled with white pulp.

Raincoat prickly (Lycoperdon perlatum) is covered with clearly visible conical needles. If the white or cream skin is peeled off, then a more or less noticeable mesh pattern will remain on it. The smell of the mushroom is pleasant. This type of raincoat can be safely put in the basket while the mushroom is young and strong, and its flesh is white and elastic. The fungus often grows in groups.

Raincoat pearl (Lycoperdon perlatum) prefers manured pastures, although it is also found in forests. The pearl raincoat grows (usually in waves) from May to mid-November. This fungus has a white, pear-shaped fruiting body that turns yellow as it matures, then becoming grey-brown. Old mushrooms are filled inside with spore powder. Peel with small growths or non-spiny spines, which are sometimes only in the upper part.

This is a very beautiful and tasty mushroom (photo from Wikipedia)

Golovach oblong (Calvatia excipuliformis) in some reference books is called a variety of prickly raincoat. However, the bighead is taller, its spines are softer and thinner, it is edible at a young age. Sometimes the fungus resembles a bubble in shape, which was inflated with air and pulled down from below (the golovach is bag-shaped, or bubble-shaped). These mushrooms often grow in pastures.

Stunning appearance raincoat gigantic, or Langermanns gigantic (Langermannia gigantean). In some publications, he is ranked among the golovachs. This is a huge mushroom. It grows in forests (deciduous and mixed), meadows, fields and pastures. More likely to find it from the end of summer (August - October). The huge "soccer ball" can weigh up to 8 kg and is 40 cm across. Separate specimens-record holders are known, which weighed almost 20 kg and had a fruiting body diameter of 30 cm !!! More likely to find a giant raincoat the size of an average head of cabbage.

The skin of this raincoat can be either smooth or slightly flaky. As it grows, the color of the flesh changes from white (or slightly yellowish) to greenish-brown, then to dirty brown. In old mushrooms, the skin dries up and resembles parchment. The edible pulp is often friable, reminiscent of homemade cheeses in texture. As the fungus grows, it becomes lighter, noticeably loses weight. The giant raincoat mycelium is durable, can live up to 25 years.

Raincoat pear-shaped (Lycoperdon pyriforme) refers to small species (up to a maximum of 5 cm tall). It often grows on rotting wood, tree trunks and stumps. The shape of the fruit body is pear-shaped, resembling a white ball narrowed downwards, which has a short false leg with rare light threads of mycelium. This delicious mushroom is fried and boiled (in soups) unless it is overripe. The degree of maturity can often be determined not in the forest, but in the kitchen, because. when ripe, the mushroom does not always quickly change the color of the skin.

Puffball (Scleroderma)

False raincoat (scleroderma) should not be collected. In most books of the Soviet period, this mushroom is considered inedible or poisonous. Western authors call it only inedible, specifying that cooks sometimes add pulp to sausages instead of truffles. They all warn that the puffball can be hazardous to health if eaten in large quantities.

I have not tried this mushroom, so I can only refer to the opinions of reputable mushroom experts. I take them verbatim.

The false puffball that is used to scare us in all books about mushrooms is not poisonous at all, even when raw. It is simply tasteless, and according to the rules it should be classified as an inedible mushroom. Moreover, the young false puffball (when the flesh is white on the cut) has a sharp spicy taste and can serve as a spicy seasoning for meat and poultry dishes. This is how it is used in Europe, especially in Slavic countries.
The final inedibility of the false puffball comes from the moment when its flesh ceases to be pure white on the cut. (M. Vishnevsky).

I remind you once again: false raincoats are poisonous, however, only if you eat them in large quantities. In the Czech guide to mushrooms, J. Klan says that "for the sake of a strong spicy taste, young mushrooms are used instead of roots in the preparation of soups and sauces." These are truly inscrutable human whims! Sacrificing your stomach health for an exotic taste? (M. Sergeeva).

We conclude: the degree of poisoning with false puffballs depends, first of all, on the amount of mushrooms eaten.

False puffballs are easy to distinguish from edible species. False puffballs usually have a warty-scaly dense skin of a yellowish-ocher color, which may have small cracks. In older mushrooms, the skin dries out, ruptures and no longer holds the spores that are under it.

False raincoats often grow in nests (photo from Wikipedia)

The color of the pulp in young mushrooms, according to the writings of most authors, is yellowish or light olive even at a young age. On it, a marble pattern with white streaks is noticeable. The central part of the false raincoat darkens as it matures, becoming first gray-violet, then almost black. The pulp of even adult puffballs retains its density. Everyone notes an unpleasant pungent odor.

For mushroom pickers who have not collected raincoats before, it is better not to take risks and not collect mushrooms with elongated false legs growing in nests. For safety reasons, it is better not to take raincoats with a clearly yellow or brown skin. Especially when it is covered with coarse growths and has noticeable cracks. The bad smell should also stop.

Which raincoats are the best?

Edible puffballs are eaten while they are young. They then have a tasty dense white pulp that is under the skin (smooth or with growths). In an adult mushroom, the flesh changes its quality and color. It becomes looser, often sticky, gray or greenish-yellow. Old mushrooms are filled with spores. The shell of their fruiting body thins, dries and is easily broken. Then the fungus becomes dusty, releases a cloud of spores and settles to the ground. It is worth saying that raincoats grow up quickly.

As you know, a young raincoat is hard and strong to the touch, and on the cut it is white as sour cream. At this time, you can, without hesitation, put it in a pan. The roast will be fragrant with an excellent mushroom aroma. With age, the pulp of the raincoat begins to turn slightly yellow, becomes watery, pressed with a finger, does not spring, does not try to straighten up. At this stage, raincoats should no longer be taken. (V.A. Soloukhin).

A ripe raincoat will seem appetizing to few

How to make a raincoat

Raincoats are a great addition to any mushroom mix. Prepared separately, raincoats will not appeal to everyone (due to the specific taste). Another thing is a giant raincoat. One such mushroom can serve as an occasion for a separate party! (A. Schwab).

I love this mushroom. True, I take only smooth young white “balls”. A frying pan of fried puffballs is a delicious and satisfying meal. To taste, this mushroom is a bit like something between mushrooms, scrambled eggs and ... chicken meat. The taste of protein is enhanced if the raincoat is fried with butter or ghee.

I like not boiled raincoats, but fried ones. They can be cut into pieces, slices or circles and put in a pan with oil. Sometimes, before frying, large slices up to 2 cm thick are rolled in flour or breadcrumbs. They can be salted and even pepper before this. Tasty and whole balls fried in oil. First, fry on one side until a beautiful golden brown, then turn over or roll to the other side. It takes a little time for this. Especially if you fry the mushroom in a frying pan under the lid.

It is worth saying that almost all raincoats have a skin that resembles either a skin or an eggshell. It's better to take it off.

V.A. Soloukhin described in detail the condition of a man who always considered all raincoats toadstools:

I remember with what embarrassment I brought home the first raincoats, how my wife refused to fry them, with what interest I tried them for the first time. And now this is for me the most common edible and tasty mushroom, of course, when there is no oil, chanterelles or aspen in the forest. But even when they are, it’s nice to add strong young raincoats to the pan for a bouquet.

Once again, we will appreciate the culinary merits of the giant raincoat, while its flesh has a pure white color. During this period, the fungus competes with the noble mushrooms themselves. The “ball” is peeled and fried, soup is boiled from it and dried. Other raincoats are also suitable for drying, even pearl ones.

V.A. Soloukhin quotes one of his readers, who not only describes how raincoats are made, but also compares how they are processed:

I love raincoats. In fried form, right, they are slightly inferior to white ones. To make the dish more tender, it is better to remove the rough shell from some of them. The golovach is oblong - carefully crushed in your hands, and the shell cracks and comes off, like a shell from a hard-boiled egg. This is best done under a tap. In some globular raincoats, the shell is removed, like the peel from an orange. The best - prickly - does not cause any worries at all: cut it into a frying pan. I successfully dry them. Crushed into a powder, you can make an excellent soup out of them.

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Puffball mushroom edible or not

Going into the forest for tender delicacies is worth it immediately after the rain, which becomes clear anyway, based on their name. For many mushroom pickers, the question of whether the puffball mushroom is edible or not is not in doubt at all - of course, yes. But, if you look, it's not so simple. Some species may be dangerous. Among the people, the mushroom has many names - wolf or devil's tobacco, hare potatoes, grandfather's gunpowder, forest egg and others. All of them are somehow connected with the fact that if you step on a ripe fruit, it will immediately release smoke with spores. Other healing properties are also known - the cut pulp of the fungus will help to quickly heal the wound, without suppuration. You can meet these gifts of nature in forests and parks, steppes, fields, lawns and pastures.

Raincoat mushroom: description of the species

All representatives of the raincoat family are generalized into one species, which is fundamentally not true.

Puffball mushroom genus represent a variety of types (Figure 1):

• Powder flasks or powder flares - bovista;
• Golovachs - calvatia;
• Representatives of the same name - lycoperdon;
• False puffballs or scleroderma and many others.

Figure 1. Different types of puffball mushrooms

If we talk about which mushroom is a raincoat, it is quite difficult to classify it, even avid mushroom pickers do not always navigate their system.

Mushrooms are:

1. With outgrowths and a smooth surface of the cap;
2. Needle and warty;
3. Spherical and pear-shaped;
4. Similar to a pigeon's egg;
5. Some of them lie on the ground;
6. Others have a false foot.

They all belong to the same group - nutreviki or Gasteromycetes, since their fruiting body remains intact until the period of spore maturation, after which their shell bursts and releases them. By type of nutrition, raincoat saprophytes grow on decayed organic matter. But despite this, they are considered a real delicacy and are harvested from a young age, while they are filled with white elastic pulp (Figure 2).

Figure 2. White flesh of the edible puffball mushroom and its poisonous counterpart (black inside)

Consider what a raincoat mushroom looks like, a photo and a description of edible species:

1. Prickly, it is needle-shaped - it has pronounced conical needles, if it is cleaned of them, a barely noticeable mesh pattern will remain on the white or pale cream skin, you can safely put it in a basket while it is young and has a pleasant aroma, the fungus grows in small groups;
2. Pearl - loves well-fertilized pastures, but is also found in forests from May to mid-November, the pear-shaped fruiting body of white color turns yellow as it matures, by the time the spores appear it has a gray-brown hue, the skin is also covered with small spines or growths, located mainly in the upper part;
3. Pear-shaped - a fairly small subspecies up to 5 cm in height, prefers rotting wood - fallen trunks and old stumps, looks like a white ball narrowed to the bottom with a short pseudopod on which you can see thin strings of mycelium, it is often fried and boiled, used to make soups, though it is possible to determine the degree of maturity only in the kitchen, since the color does not always darken when ripening;
4. The golovach is oblong or bag-shaped - it looks like a high bubble inflated with air and pulled down to the bottom, it has more delicate and thin spikes compared to the needle subspecies, it is eaten young and harvested on pastures;
5. Langermannia giant (Figure 3) - reaches huge sizes up to 8 kg and 40 cm in cross-section, but our largest specimens weigh about 1 kg and are approximately equal to the average head of cabbage, the skin is smooth and flaky, the color of the core changes with aging - from white and cream to brown with green and dirty brown, the edible part is loose, similar in density to homemade cheese, as the fungus grows, it becomes lighter, its mycelium is very durable, can live up to 25 years.

Figure 3. Langermannia giant

It is worthwhile to approach the collection of these delicacies with all responsibility, since dangerous representatives of the species can easily be confused with those that can be put in your basket without fear.

Let's figure out the question of how to distinguish from poisonous:

Edible or not puffball mushroom

For some reason, many lovers of forest gifts bypass the rain side, despite their pleasant taste, vitamins and beneficial properties. And given the unpretentiousness in the collection and in relation to weather conditions, a wide fruiting period, reasonable doubts arise.

Figure 5. Young (left) and old (right) puffball mushroom

Let's try to figure out whether the raincoat mushroom is edible or not:

• The fruiting body ages quickly enough to be unsuitable for collection, so older plants should not be harvested (Figure 5);
• The yellowish or greenish flesh on the cut also indicates that such a forest egg should not be eaten - it should be uniform, white and elastic;
• You can only eat young individuals, their core, located under the skin.

Despite these simple rules, there is a certain amount of risk that you will come across poisonous mushrooms puffballs.

The name of this mushroom speaks for itself - this is not a real raincoat. In Latin, the name of the false raincoat sounds like "scleroderma", which means "dense skin" in translation. The people call it "dust", "damn tobacco", "hare potato", "grandfather's gunpowder".

For a long period of time, false raincoats, along with real raincoats, were part of the same family. However, scientific studies have shown that these two genera of mushrooms have cardinal distinguishing features, which makes it possible to attribute them to different families.

The false puffball (scleroderma orange) has a tasteless pulp and an unpleasant odor, so it is classified as an inedible mushroom.

They grow in groups in soils rich in organic matter, but containing a lot of sand: in humus, in landfills, forest edges, forest plantations, along roads. They appear in June-July, if the autumn is warm, they bear fruit until October.

Botanical description

False raincoats are Gasteromycetes, that is, they are characterized by a closed structure of fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies of these mushrooms form underground and then come to the surface to mature. After leaving the ground, fruiting bodies take the form of a tuber or ball.

Scleroderma - mushrooms without legs in the sense known to us, however, sometimes they can form a false leg, which consists of connective tissue strands. Ripe puffballs can reach sizes up to 8 cm in diameter.

Young puffballs are covered with a smooth outer shell (peridium) of white or milky color. As it matures, the shell of the fungus darkens and coarsens. The peridium of mature mushrooms is dense, yellowish or reddish in color, leathery, which formed the basis of their Latin name - "scleroderma".

The pulp (gleba) of scleroderma is dense, hard, fleshy, has a lacunar structure. Spores mature in the lacunae, as they mature, the gleba darkens to black. Young puffballs on the cut have white pulp, mushrooms of medium maturity - marble, and ripe ones - dark. At the top of a ripe mushroom, a hole appears for ejection of spores.

Types of false raincoats

In the genus of false raincoats, there are more than 20 species. On the territory of Russia, seven types of scleroderma can be found, of which the most common are ordinary and warty puffballs.

Common false raincoat

The fruit body of the fungus has the shape of an egg with a diameter of 3 to 6 cm. The shell is thick, dotted with scales and cracks. Surface color ranges from yellow-orange to orange-brown. Their false pedicle is unexpressed, often absent.

The pulp of scleroderma vulgaris in young specimens is light, after cutting it turns red. In mature mushrooms, it breaks up into grayish dense areas and green-brown spore powder. The smell of young scleroderma is similar to the smell of raw potatoes. The pulp is inedible and can cause food poisoning. Fungus spores can cause allergic reactions.

Ordinary false raincoats grow on the wood of deciduous and coniferous forests and forest plantations. They prefer sandy soils and moss-covered areas.

The body of mushrooms of this species has the shape of a tuber or kidney up to 8 cm in diameter. The fungus has a false stalk that is often buried in the soil. The shell of warty scleroderma is thin, covered with outgrowths in the form of warts. The color of the mushroom changes as it matures from off-white to yellow-brown.

The flesh of young specimens is dense, white with yellow streaks, while that of mature specimens is gray-black, powdery. The smell of the pulp is unpleasant. The mushroom is inedible. May cause food poisoning, in severe cases - with signs of damage to the nervous system (convulsions, loss of consciousness).

Warty scleroderma often grow on the bark of deciduous trees, as they form mycorrhiza with them. They can also be found on sandy soils with the top layer removed, among rare herbs.

Differences between fake raincoats and real ones

Puffballs are inedible mushrooms, but if eaten in large quantities, they can cause food poisoning. To prevent this from happening, any novice mushroom picker needs to know the main differences between false raincoats and real ones:

1. Sclerodermas usually grow in groups, while true puffballs grow singly.
2. The outer shell of scleroderma is leathery, dense, with cracks, while in true raincoats it is thin and delicate.
3. The color of the peridermium of false raincoats is brown, orange or yellow. In real raincoats, the color of the shell is light.
4. There are spikes on the surface of real raincoats. There are no such outgrowths on the peridia of pseudopuffballs.
5. To the touch, the pulp of false mushrooms is dense, while that of real mushrooms is soft, but elastic.
6. Ripe scleroderma smells unpleasant.
7. On the cut, the pulp of a mature inedible mushroom acquires a dark color, but at the same time remains dense.

To determine the edibility of a raincoat, it is necessary to cut or break the body of the fungus. White flesh and a pleasant mushroom smell are a sign of the edibility of a puffball.

Chemical composition

The pulp of false puffballs is rich in protein compounds. In addition, mushroom gleba contains (mainly polysaccharides), minerals (, arsenic), (, fumaric,), phytotoxins, pigments (sclerocitrin).

The pulp of scleroderma also contains a unique substance - calvacin (salt of calvatic acid). The bitterness contained in them in large quantities, as well as the dark, foul-smelling flesh, make the false raincoats inedible.

Beneficial features

Calvacin, contained in the fungus, has antibiotic and antifungal effects. The anti-cancer effect of calvacin was experimentally proven: in experiments on animals with cancerous tumors, the use of the pulp of these mushrooms reduced the size of the neoplasms. The fresh pulp of false raincoats has the ability to stop capillary bleeding, fight skin diseases, and relieve local inflammation.

Young scleroderms vaguely resemble in taste and smell, so gourmets sometimes use them in cooking as a savory seasoning.

At the same time, it is necessary to add them in a very limited amount so as not to provoke digestive disorders.

Harmful properties

Puffball pulp contains phytotoxins. Their concentration in mushrooms is low, so if one or two mushrooms are consumed, they can cause food poisoning or indigestion.

When eating a large number of sclerodermas, signs of intoxication appear with characteristic symptoms of damage to the nervous system:

• dizziness;
• headache;
• violations of the sensitivity of the skin of the extremities;
• perversion of taste sensations;
• decreased visual acuity;
• loss of consciousness.

If the spores of the false raincoat get on the mucous membranes (eyes, nasopharynx), allergic reactions or reactive rhinitis, conjunctivitis may occur.

Application in traditional medicine

Traditional medicine has found the use of false raincoats in the treatment of dermatological diseases, wounds and injuries of the skin. For this purpose, both young and mature mushrooms are used. Slices of young mushrooms are applied to the problem area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin for several hours, putting a bandage on it, then the slice is changed.

If young scleroderma are difficult to find, mature specimens can be used. Then the affected area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin is sprinkled with fungal spores. Sprinkling with spores of ripe scleroderma is used as a remedy for trophic ulcers and purulent wounds.

Such an external use of a false raincoat helps to heal wounds and stop bleeding, stimulates the regeneration of the epidermis, and dries weeping wounds.

Means from false raincoats are used orally in the treatment of oncological diseases. They are used in the form of a decoction of fresh pulp, an alcoholic tincture of dried mushrooms, or a tincture of mature spores.

A decoction of fresh raindrops

Several copies of crushed fresh scleroderma are poured into 0.5 liters of boiling water, boiled for 30 minutes, infused until cool, filtered. Take three times a day for 0.5 cups.

Scleroderma tincture

2 tablespoons of powdered dry mushrooms or their spores are poured into 150 ml of alcohol or vodka, infused in a dark place for 2 weeks. Take three times a day, a teaspoon before meals.

The use of folk remedies from false raincoats does not replace the main oncological treatment, so they cannot be taken as a panacea for cancer.

Means based on scleroderma should be used in the complex treatment of neoplasms only with the permission of an oncologist.

conclusions

Puffball (scleroderma orange) is an inedible fungus. Its pulp contains bitterness, which makes it tasteless. The dark color and unpleasant smell of gleba aggravate the aversion to these mushrooms.

When eating false puffballs, symptoms typical of poisonous mushroom poisoning do not occur, but can cause digestive disorders.

In cooking, these mushrooms are used extremely rarely, but in folk medicine they have found their application. Calvacin, contained in the pulp of false raincoats, has an anti-cancer effect, so the remedies from them are used by traditional healers in the treatment of cancer.

The pulp and spores of these fungi are used as an external remedy for skin lesions, trophic ulcers and purulent wounds.

4.5 / 5 ( 2 votes)

Edible puffball mushroom is actively used in cooking and folk medicine. It is valued for its high content of polysaccharides, micro and macro elements, mineral salts, vitamins, fiber. But it is important to be able to distinguish edible varieties from inedible and poisonous puffballs.

General description of the genus of mushrooms Raincoats

Raincoat (Lycoperdon) is a member of the Champignon family. In the common people there are also the names "hare potato", "tobacco mushroom", "powder", "dust", "grandfather's tobacco". All types of raincoats are characterized by features:

1. The fruiting body is round or pear-shaped.
2. The leg is thick, shortened or completely absent.
3. Gleba (pulp) in young mushrooms is light; darkens with age, becoming gray or brown.
4. The shell (exoperidium) of young mushrooms is needle-shaped or warty; in adults it becomes smooth and thin-skinned (easily torn when pressed).
5. The accumulation of spores looks like a greenish-brown dust, easily scattered in the wind.

Raincoats grow in coniferous and mixed forests, in meadows among grass or on rotting wood. They love soil rich in humus. The time of appearance is from May to November (the peak is from August to October).

Edible species

There are more than 50 types of raincoats. Among them there are edible, conditionally edible (usable only after careful heat treatment) and inedible (they do not contain poison, but they are poorly absorbed by the human body or taste bad). The most common edible species are pear-shaped puffball, black-spined, yellow-colored, ragged, spiked.

Pear-shaped puffball (Lycoperdon pyriforme)

On the ground, it looks like a ball, since the pseudopod is short and often does not show on the surface. The fruit body has a diameter of 3-7 cm, the height of the entire fungus is no more than 4 cm.

The young puffball has a white skin and cotton-like flesh. As it matures, the skin and “stuffing” darken, become red or brown. On contact with an adult raincoat, the surface cracks like an eggshell, and brown spores fly out of it. Only a young mushroom with light flesh on the cut is suitable for food.

It grows in large crowded groups in moist deciduous and coniferous forests of any country. On the territory of Russia is found everywhere. Most often, fluff can be found on rotting wood (for example, on rotten stumps).

Puffball (Lycoperdon echinatum)

In the people, this raincoat is also called spiked or hedgehog. It has a pear shape. A characteristic feature is spikes pressed closely to each other, covering the entire surface of the fungus. These needles are not sharp and easily fall off with a touch of a raincoat, exposing a smooth skin. Young mushrooms have white flesh, in adults it becomes green or brown. A cavity with dark spores forms in the center of the old raincoat.

This mushroom grows singly or in small scattered groups. Mainly found in moorlands, deciduous forests. It can also be found on calcareous soils. In Russia, it is most widespread in the European part, in the forests located along the Volga, Dnieper and Don.

Yellow puffball (Lycoperdon flavotinctum)

A round mushroom with a large fruiting body and a stem less than 1 cm long. The surface is beige or yellow (the younger the mushroom, the brighter it is), rough. When the spores mature, the outer shell cracks like an egg peel, and a round cavity filled with dark dust from the spores becomes visible.

On the cut, young mushrooms are white with clear longitudinal fibers - only such specimens are suitable for cooking. With age, the inside of the mushroom darkens and becomes rancid in taste.

Doesn't bear fruit every year. Distributed in Eastern Europe and North America. For Russia, a yellow-colored raincoat is a rarity. Infrequently, mushroom pickers find it in the deciduous forests of Moscow, Rostov, Kaluga and other regions of the European part of the country.

Puffball (Lycoperdon velatum)

Mushroom height from 3 to 6 cm. It has a clearly defined short leg and a wide upper part. The surface is uneven, as if torn, which is why it received the name "ragged".

The color of the shell may be white in young specimens, but becomes reddish-brown with age. The pulp also gradually darkens - from milky to chocolate. Only light cut mushrooms are suitable for food.

It grows in small groups in oak and oak-hornbeam forests. They are found in Belarus, Ukraine, Europe, Southeast Asia and North America. In Russia, the largest populations are in the Central and Central Black Earth regions, as well as in the region of the North Caucasus.

Meadow puffball (Vascellum pretense)

It has a rounded fruiting body, tapering downwards. Diameter - 3-6 cm. The surface of young mushrooms is white, in adults it is olive or yellow, in old ones it is red or brown. On the cut, the fruiting body will also be different: young raincoats have white pulp, similar to cotton wool; mature - gray or brown. Only the light mushroom is edible; when it darkens, it becomes bitter.

This type of raincoat grows in open areas with a large amount of humus in the soil - mainly in meadows and pastures. Found throughout Russia.

Prickly puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum)

Other names for this mushroom are real raincoat or edible. It has a pear-shaped shape - a round top, smoothly turning into a thick leg. The fruiting body is no more than 2 cm in diameter. The height is from 2 to 8 cm. There are small spikes on the surface, which fall off as the mushroom ripens. The age of a raincoat can be determined by the shade of the skin - the lighter the specimen, the younger it is. Brown and dark gray mushrooms contain voids with spores inside; they are unsuitable for food.

It is a common mushroom that can be found in all countries with coniferous and deciduous forests. Most of these raincoats are in Northern Europe, southern India, Northern Australia, New Zealand, China. You should look for the mushroom on rotting wood and manured soil in the shade under the trees. In Russia, the mushroom is often found in the forests of the Moscow, Leningrad, Rostov regions and in the Krasnodar Territory.

Giant puffball (Lycoperdon giganteum)

Another name is Giant Golovach. The fruiting body is spherical or egg-shaped with a smooth surface. At the base is a fat rhizomatous cord. Only young specimens with thick snow-white skin and light flesh on the cut are edible. If the surface of the mushroom turns dark yellow, green or brown, it means that it is ripe and cannot be eaten due to its strong bitterness.

The mushroom grows mainly in mixed and deciduous forests. Likes warmth and moisture. In Russia, most of these raincoats are in Karelia, the Far East, Siberia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Recipes for making edible raincoats at home

Edible raincoats are dietary products. For 100 g of mushrooms, there are about 4.3 g of protein, 1 g of fat, 0.8 g of carbohydrates and no more than 27 calories. You can eat them boiled, fried, baked, stewed, salted or pickled. Freshly harvested, frozen or dried raincoats can serve as raw materials.

Cleaning

It is not worth rubbing strongly or trying to cut off the skin with a knife, because the mushroom will crumble due to the fragile texture. It is better to first soak the raincoats in water for a couple of minutes, and then gently wipe their surface with your fingertips. Large mushrooms should be removed from the skin - pry it off with a fingernail and carefully tear it off the pulp.

Cooking

Raincoats are dipped in boiling water and boiled for 25-30 minutes. Water should be taken at the rate of 3 liters for every half kilogram of mushrooms. Salt and pepper should be to taste. The resulting broth can be used as the basis for mushroom soup by adding potatoes, greens and fried onions and carrots to it.

Pickling

For a simple pickling, you should take 1 kg of raincoats, peeled and cut into uniform pieces, cook them for 20 minutes. Then add 3 full pinches of salt, 1 tbsp. l. sugar, 6 black peppercorns, 2 dry cloves, 2 tsp. dill seeds and 2 large cloves of garlic. Let the mixture boil for 10 minutes. At the very end, add 4 tablespoons of 6% vinegar. The next step is to pour everything into jars and close the lids. Store pickled mushrooms in the refrigerator or basement.

Freeze

Before freezing, it is recommended to blanch the mushrooms first. To do this, pour water into the pan at the rate of 5 liters per kilogram of raincoats. As soon as the water boils, pour the mushrooms and let it boil for 5-7 minutes. Then we filter, fill with cold water and pass through a colander again. Cooled raincoats are packaged in containers (containers, bags) and put in the freezer. They can be stored frozen for up to 8 months.

frying

Mushrooms can be pre-boiled for 3 minutes in salted water (so they will be softer). After the raincoats are sent to a heated pan and fried in oil for 7-10 minutes, at the very end they are salted and peppered to taste. Cooked mushrooms can be used as an independent side dish, mixed with sour cream and onions, or can be added to boiled or fried potatoes.

salting

Raincoats are salted in a cold way with preliminary soaking (for this you need to hold the mushrooms in cold water for 1-2 hours). After the raincoats are filtered and laid out in a container. Each layer is sprinkled with salt and horseradish, oak and currant leaves, allspice, bay leaf are added. Salt needs about 40 g for every kilogram of mushrooms. A lid or a plate of a suitable size is placed on the container and pressed down with an oppression (load). Cold pickled mushrooms will be ready for sampling in 3-4 weeks. You need to store them in a cool dark place.

Drying

Peeled mushrooms must be cut. You should not grind too much, because when dried, the slices will decrease in size by 3-4 times. We line a baking sheet with parchment and put raincoats on top. We put the mushrooms in an oven preheated to 50-60 degrees. Make sure that the oven does not warm up too much (we need dried, not baked mushrooms), keep the door slightly ajar. When the raincoats are completely dry, they will turn golden brown.

Canning for the winter

We clean the mushrooms, cut into medium-sized slices. Soak them for 20 minutes in a solution of lemon juice with a pinch of salt - this will allow the raincoats not to blacken when stored in a jar. Then we wash the mushrooms and lower them into a saucepan with cold water (5 liters for each kilogram of mushrooms). We cook 20 minutes.

Now we are preparing the marinade for preservation. Mix the ingredients in a liter of water - 3 branches of thyme, tsp. mustard, st. l. salt, 2 tsp. sugar, 3 black peppercorns, 2 garlic cloves. Boil for 7 minutes, then add 100 ml of wine vinegar and keep on fire for another 3 minutes. We spread the mushrooms in jars and pour the broth with spices so that the liquid covers the raincoats by 2-3 cm. We roll up the lids and put them in a dark, cool place.

Inedible species

There are no poisonous mushrooms in the Lycoperdon family. But there are unfit for food (bitter and hard to digest). Deadly are puffballs, which look like raincoats, but belong to a different family (Scleroderma fungi).

Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum)

A small mushroom with a fruiting body 3–5 cm in diameter, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. There is no pronounced leg (it has a length of no more than 0.6 cm and is completely hidden in the soil). The surface is white-brown. The flesh is white with yellow longitudinal veins. The smell is strong and rather unpleasant. The mushroom is cosmopolitan - that is, it is distributed everywhere. In Russia, it is most often found in oak forests in the Central and Central Black Earth regions.

Common puffball (Scleroderma citrinum)

Fruiting body up to 7 cm in diameter. The surface is white with brown spots. The pulp of young mushrooms is yellowish, in mature ones it is gray or purple with large white fibers. It has an odor similar to rotting potatoes. You can meet in deciduous and coniferous forests, on clay and loamy soil. In Russia, it grows most of all in the European part, Western Siberia.

Spotted puffball (Scleroderma areolatum)

Pear-shaped mushroom of yellow color with brown spots. The surface is rough to the touch. When cut, coarse-grained greenish flesh with white streaks is visible. Mature mushrooms crack when pressed, but do not dust with spores, like true raincoats. Grows on the soil in moist coniferous and deciduous forests, mainly settles on rotting stumps. Most often found in Central Russia, Eastern Europe and North America.

Bulbous puffball (Scleroderma cepa)

It has a cone-shaped fruiting body of dark yellow or brown color with slight spots on the surface. The base is narrowed and collected in small folds. The pulp in young mushrooms is white, in mature mushrooms it is a gray or black mass. It grows in small groups on moist soil, under deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs. Mostly these mushrooms are found in deciduous forests, but can appear in gardens, parks, along roadsides.

Star raincoat (Scleroderma polyrhizum)

A round mushroom with a diameter of up to 15 cm. A young false raincoat has a spherical shape with a narrowed end. The surface is yellow with white fluff. When ripe, it darkens and opens in petals, revealing a dark brown cavity with a black mass of round spores. It grows throughout Eurasia and North America in warm and humid conditions. It grows in groups of 3-7 mushrooms in deciduous and coniferous forests, on sandy and clay soils.

Enteridium puffball (Enteridium lycoperdon)

Distributed in Central Russia. Usually grows on dry branches of trees (especially loves alder and elms), along the banks of rivers, streams and swamps. Has a rounded or irregular shape. At a young age, white, with a surface similar to crystals. During the ripening period, the spores are darker, and on top are covered with a whitish down, resembling mold. In the context, light flesh with large veins is visible. The smell is quite unpleasant, reminiscent of rotten potatoes.

Stinky puffball (Lycoperdon montanum)

A yellow or brown mushroom with a wide fruiting body, tapering at the bottom. The top is covered with pointed spikes, which, when pressed, easily fall to the ground. The height of the mushroom is up to 5 cm. The diameter at the widest part is up to 3 cm. When cut, it exudes an unpleasant odor similar to gas. The pulp is yellow in color, darkens when the fungus ripens and is replaced by brown spores. It occurs throughout Eastern Europe and in Central Russia in coniferous and mixed forests.

Signs of poisoning and first aid

If a person instead of an edible raincoat eats a poisonous false raincoat, then abdominal pain, nausea, severe vomiting, convulsions, diarrhea attacks (every 15-20 minutes) will begin. The pressure drops sharply, the person loses consciousness, the onset of a coma is possible. It is important to immediately call an ambulance at the first symptoms of poisoning.

First of all, the victim is washed with a stomach, causing artificial vomiting. At the end of this procedure, activated charcoal is given at the rate of 1-2 tablets per 1 kg of weight. For several days, a person needs bed rest and a strict diet.

Summing up, it is worth noting that an edible raincoat is a tasty and healthy mushroom. But you must always remember that he has many poisonous doubles. If you are not completely sure that you have an edible copy in front of you, it is better to refrain from using it altogether.

Everyone eats champignons (store-bought). It turns out that the puffball mushroom is their relative, since they are part of the same champignon family. Here is a photo and description of the types of raincoats in order to know how they look and not to be confused with false ones.

In another way, these mushrooms are called grandfather tobacco, dust, tobacco mushroom, devil's tavlinka, hare potato, hedgehogs ... further, depending on the preferences of local residents. Grow in our middle lane everywhere, regardless of soil. But there are preferences. The “rainy” name itself suggests that mushrooms love wet places and grow especially well after rains.

Raincoats (Lycoperdon), unusual in appearance, have outstanding medicinal qualities, exquisite taste, and exceptional chemical composition. They belong to the fourth category, although it is not clear to me why not to the first or second.

Now let's move on to a more detailed description.

All raincoats have peculiar fruiting bodies, not similar to the appearance of other mushrooms. Their bodies are, as it were, closed into an oval, pear-shaped, spherical, capitate shape with a cylindrical leg. I had an association with an egg in a shell or a "pig in a poke" (just kidding!).

Depending on the type, it has a different weight and dimensions.

• Puffball pearl Lycoperdon perlatum, real or prickly, warty.

The cutest and cutest. Often found in coniferous and less often deciduous forests, on soil, rotten wood. He loves moisture, so he is found near swamps, but closer to the forest edge. The cap of the mushroom, without separation by anything, smoothly passes into a thick cylindrical leg. The height of the pearl is up to 15 cm, but this is rare. The diameter and height of the head is up to 4 cm. Basically, the dimensions are more modest, two or three times. Near our swamp, I found just large raincoats, only two, very dense and elastic. They usually grow in small groups. Growth time from early July to late September.

The entire body of the pearl raincoat is covered with a shell, on the outside of which there are spines or warts. When touched by hand, they easily crumble.

The shell and flesh (gleb) of a young mushroom is pure white, as are the thorns. (see photo):

With age, the color changes to olive, the fruit body dries out, and spore powder ripens in the head. The shell of the raincoat becomes decrepit, and a hole forms on the top of the hat; through it a huge number of disputes come out "free". The effect of such an exit is similar to brown smoke, hence the "tobacco" names of the fungus.

It grows especially in old clearings, at the bases of stumps and trunks of dead trees in any forests, in large groups, especially after heavy rains.

The fruit body is pear-shaped, ovoid, with a barely noticeable false leg below. Height up to 5 cm, maximum diameter - 5 cm. The shell is white or grayish, easy to clean, like the shell of a boiled egg. Like a pearl, but smaller, studded with spines. When the fungus matures, its surface becomes smooth and reticulated, as if it can crack as if it is overdried.

The process of spore formation is similar to that described above.

The size of the gleba (pulp) is up to half a meter in diameter, often flattened. Prefers deciduous forests, but settles more readily in abandoned pastures and fields. Therefore, probably, I have never met them in our conifers.

The shell is very thin, smooth; at first, like the flesh, white, then greenish-yellow.

It looks like a pear-shaped, but has a large number of larger needles, gray-brown. The leg is folded, almost invisible, the maximum size of the fungus is 6 cm in diameter.

The description of the raincoat would be incomplete if we omit an important quality - it is edible exactly as long as its flesh is white and elastic. It is easy to determine whether you can eat it or not: the shell becomes slightly wrinkled, and the color is dirty. So, the process of dispute formation has begun.

In the photo, grandfather's tobacco pearl mushroom:

Once we traveled along the coast of our Woe-Sea. The provisions were running out, but a clearing with raincoats saved us. The upper shell is easy to peel, while the white flesh looks appetizing, it is pleasant to cut it. Mushrooms are nutritious, tasty, fragrant. We then fried a whole pan, adding russula to them.

• Common false raincoat

In deciduous and coniferous forests, along roads and edges, from August to September, you can find a false raincoat. It is distinguished by a smooth or finely scaly shell of a dirty yellow-brown color. It is thick and dense, leathery. The flesh inside is dark purple with white streaks. There are no legs, and the diameter does not exceed 6 cm. It has the smell of raw potatoes. In food, it is practically used only to give the dish a specific smell.

The use of grandfather tobacco in treatment

For medicinal purposes, both immature mushrooms and their spore powder are used.

• Wound healing disinfectant properties are used to treat wounds of various origins. for this purpose, you can only attach a slice of mushroom to the wound or sprinkle it with powder - tobacco. In this way, suppuration of even thrombophlebitis and cancerous ulcers is stopped.
• Helps with diseases of the kidneys, liver, intestines.
• Tuberculosis is being treated.
• The antibiotic calvacin significantly slows down the growth of benign and malignant tumors.
• Removes radionuclides, cleanses the liver.
• Eliminates inflammation of the bladder.
• Antipyretic for colds and sore throats.

Raincoats owe their healing properties to vitamins and antibiotics with high antitumor activity contained in them.

Application methods

1. In the evening before going to bed, drink a teaspoon of tobacco powder with water. Course 2 months.
2. Pour a tablespoon of spores into 300 ml of hot, but not boiling water. Wrap for 40 minutes, then drink half a glass twice a day before meals, in small sips.
3. We fill half of the empty container with powder, topping up with vodka. Cork and insist in a dark coolness for 40 days. Traditional medicine advises to bury this bottle in the ground. Strain, drink a teaspoon at night with a sip of water.
4. Cosmetic face masks are made from fresh gleba. They act rejuvenating, making the skin supple.

Raincoat mushrooms perform the most important “cleaner” function for the body. They absorb and remove heavy metals, radionuclides, as well as toxins formed after diseases of the liver, kidneys, and helminthiases.

Of course, they play the same role in nature, so the fungus must be collected from environmentally friendly areas.

Additionally about the types, medicinal properties, what is better to cook from rain mushrooms:

false raincoat

The body of the fungus is 3-5 (12) cm in diameter, and 3-6 cm high. The body has an ovoid, tuberous, spherical flattened shape, but the leg is completely absent. The flesh of the fungus is light, yellowish-white, but with age it darkens significantly.

It remains dense for a very long time until it breaks up when the fungus is fully ripe into an olive-brown spore powder and grayish-yellow sterile areas. This mushroom grows from July to September - early October. The most favorable terrain for them is rotten wood in coniferous and deciduous forests, on the soil, in fields, young plantings, on the side of paths or roads, on forest edges, clearings.

False raincoats love pebbly and dry sandy soils. They can also often be found among rare grasses or in moss. They often grow in groups.

By the way, they can easily endure even the most protracted drought. In Russia, they are found mainly in the Far East, in the North Caucasus. By external signs, an inexperienced collector can confuse false puffballs with the same mushrooms with scaly or areolated peridium and spiny spores. Note that this mushroom is inedible.

Although it is slightly poisonous in large quantities, it can cause serious gastrointestinal upset. Allergy to spores in the form of rhinitis or conjunctivitis may occur. It is only allowed to add a small amount of mushrooms to food at a young age, because they resemble truffles in smell and taste.

Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum)

Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum) photo

It grows in coniferous and deciduous forests in August-October. Prefers ditches, roadsides. The fruiting body is spherical or irregularly rounded, 1.5-8 cm in diameter, up to 10 cm in height, from below passing into an elongated false stalk, which may be longer than the spore-bearing (rounded) part. The false leg is uneven, sometimes flattened, with depressions and folds. The outer shell is thin (less than 1 mm), the surface is warty.

The fruit body is yellowish-brown with small (usually small) dark scales or warts. The flesh of young fruiting bodies is white, while that of mature ones is dark brown, gray-olive. False raincoat warty - slightly poisonous mushroom causes mild stomach upset.

Stellar puffball (Scleroderma polyrhizum)

Stellar puffball (Scleroderma polyrhizum) photo

It grows in grass in deciduous forests, on clay and sandy soils, along ditches, along roadsides. It occurs rarely, singly or in groups, in August-October. Fruiting body 5-17 cm in diameter, tuberous, very dense, sometimes irregular in shape, immersed in the soil at a young age, prostrate at a mature age, with a false stem. The skin is thick, 0.3-1 cm, in young mushrooms it is smooth, yellowish, with white fluff, in mature ones it is rough, with cracks and scales.

When ripe, it breaks into a star shape. The flesh is at first dense, whitish, then becomes dark gray, black or purplish-black with veins, then rusty-brown. Star raincoat poisonous.

Bulbous puffball (Scleroderma cepa)

Bulbous raincoat (Scleroderma cepa) photo

It grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, in bushes, ditches, along roadsides, singly or in groups, from August to October. The fruit body is tuberous, 1.5-6 cm in diameter. In mature mushrooms, it is flattened, cushion-shaped, turning into a false leg towards the base.

The outer shell (peridium) is scaly or fissured, yellowish, ocher-brown. The pulp is dense, white, with a mushroom smell. With age, it becomes black or purple-black with veins, then yellowish-brown. The taste is bitter, slightly pronounced.

Bulbous raincoat poisonous.

Common raincoat (lemon, lemon yellow) (Scleroderma citrinum)

Common raincoat (lemon, lemon yellow) (Scleroderma citrinum) photo

It grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, along roads, along edges, on clay and loamy soil in August-September. The fruit body is tuberous, up to 6 cm in diameter, with a smooth or finely scaly shell (peridium) of a dirty yellow or brownish color, up to 4 mm thick. The flesh (gleba) inside is purple-black with white streaks, with the smell of raw potatoes.

Later, the pulp becomes olive-brown, powdery. False raincoat lemon yellow inedible. Cm.

comparison table.

Common puffball (Sderoderma citrinum (Sderoderma aurantium))

Common false raincoatSderoderma citrinum (Sderoderma aurantium)

fruiting body

scales. The inner mass is at first light, fleshy and juicy, then it begins to darken from the middle, has light streaks, and finally becomes lilac-black or brown-olive, dry, with an unpleasant pungent odor. In adulthood, the fruiting body bursts at the top, spores come out through the hole.

season and place

It occurs in summer and autumn in forests on acidic soil.

Grade

The mushroom is POISONOUS!

Warty puffball

Puffball lemon

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Puffball mushroom edible or not

Lycoperdon pratense Pers, 1794

Meadow raincoat, also Vascellum field lat Lycoperdon pratense, or Vascellum pratense - a species of basidiomycete fungi, included in the genus Lycoperdon raincoat of the Champignon family Agaricaceae In some classifications, Vascellum Vascellum is separated into a separate genus

• 1 Description
• 2 Ecology and range
• 3 Synonyms
• 4 Notes
• 5 Literature

DescriptionEdit

The fruit body in young mushrooms is spherical in shape, then becomes more flattened - pear-shaped or yun-shaped, in adult mushrooms with a flattened top, reaches 1.2-3.55 cm in height and 1-4.56 cm in width Peridium two-layered, exoperidium covered with soft spines 1-1.5 mm long, white, brownish in old age, with cracks, disappearing with age; endoperidium thin, whitish, then yellow-brownish, shiny, smooth, cracking at the apex into a rounded or slit-like opening when spores are ejected. Leg rather well expressed, up to 1.2 cm long, noticeably wrinkled12

Pulp with a diaphragm separating the gleba and the stem, with a strong pleasant smell Gleba is white, orange in older mushrooms, olive-brown when the spores ripen. The septum is shiny, grayish-brown on the upper side2

Spores are almost spherical in shape, 2.5-4.5 µm in diameter Capillicium is poorly developed, only near the endoperidium Paracapillium is developed throughout the entire volume of the gleba, filaments are uncolored, septate, up to 6.5 µm thick1

Edible at least at a young age, suitable for eating in various forms, does not require pre-boiling

Related speciesEdit

It differs from other puffballs by the presence of a so-called diaphragm that separates the spore-bearing gleba from the sterile stem.

• Lycoperdon curtisii Berk, 1859, distinguished by several times thicker paracapillium filaments
• Lycoperdon subpratense Lloyd, 1905, characterized by the presence of a pronounced true capillium, as well as dark spines

Ecology and habitatEdit

Grows on soil in most grassland types, often in clearings in forests Prefers drier areas Often grows in association with Bovista plumbea1

Widespread species with an almost cosmopolitan range, absent from humid tropical regions1

SynonymsEdit

According to the classification of E Larsson and M Jeppson, based on molecular phylogenetic studies in 2008, Vascellum field is included in the subgenus Vascellum in the genus Lycoperdon4 According to the 10th edition of the Dictionary of Fungi, the genus Vascellum is included in the synonymy of Lycoperdon

• Bovista queletii Schulzer De Toni, 1888
• Calvatia depressa Bonord Z Moravec, 1954
• Globaria queletii Schulzer, 1885
• Lycoperdon caelatum Fr, 1829
• Lycoperdon depressum Bonord, 1857
• Lycoperdon gemmatum var pratense Pers JSchröt, 1889
• Lycoperdon hyemale Bull, 1781
• Lycoperdon kalchbrenneri De Toni, 1888
• Lycoperdon natalense Cooke & Massee, 1887
• Lycoperdon vitellinum Fr, 1817
• Utraria pratensis Pers Quel, 1873
• Vascellum depressum Bonord FŠmarda, 1958
• Vascellum pratense Pers Kreisel, 1962

NotesEdit

1. 1 2 3 4
2. 1 2
3. Ponce de Leon, P 1970 "Revision of the genus Vascellum" Fieldiana: Botany 32 3: 109-125
4. Larsson, E; Jeppson, M 2008 Phylogenetic relationships among species and genera of Lycoperdaceae based on ITS and LSU sequence data from north European taxa Mycological Research 112 1:4-22 DOI:101016/jmycres200710018

LiteratureEdit

• Shvartsman S R, Filimonova N M Flora of spore plants of Kazakhstan Gasteromycetes - Alma-Ata, 1970 - T VI - C 87-90 - 318 s
• Pegler, D.N.; Læssøe, T; Spooner, B British puffballs, earthstars and stinkhorns - 1995 - P 118 - 255 p - ISBN 0-947643-81-8

Meadow raincoat Information about

Meadow raincoat
Meadow raincoat

Meadow raincoat Information Video

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Meadow raincoat what, Meadow raincoat who, Meadow raincoat explanation

There are excerpts from wikipedia on this article and video

This term has other meanings, see Raincoat.

Raincoat(lat. Lycoperdon) - rodmushrooms of the Champignon family; previously belonged to the rainfly family ( Lycoperdaceae).

Description

Fruiting bodies of a closed structure, rounded, pear-shaped, often with a well-defined false stem, small or medium in size.

Raincoat mushrooms: description of types and medicinal properties

The sterile tissue of the false leg is tightly fused with the upper part bearing the gleba. The exoperidium is covered with spiny outgrowths, which may fall off with age. After the spores mature, the fruiting body opens with a small opening at the top.

Grows in the forests of central Russia mainly at the end of summer. Spore powder from olive green to various shades of brown. L. perlatum usually grows on loose soil, while L. pyriforme grows on stumps and fallen trees.

Alternative titles

The raincoat has many popular names. Usually, the raincoat itself is called young dense mushrooms, which have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). Also called a bee sponge, a hare potato, and a ripened mushroom - a fluff, a pyrkhovka, a pulverizer, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, a tobacco mushroom, a devil's tavlinka, and so on. Raincoats and puffballs (with the exception of the ordinary false raincoat) are edible until they lose their whiteness.

Kinds

cooking

Many types of puffballs are edible, tasty mushrooms preferred for soup. Before cooking, it is recommended to clean the fruiting bodies, as the skin of the raincoat is tough.

Literature

• Mushrooms: A Handbook / Per. from Italian. F. Dvin. - M.: "Astrel", AST, 2001. - S. 621-263. - 304 p. - ISBN 5-17-009961-4.
• Grunert G. Mushrooms / trans. with him. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - S. 252-255. - (Guide to nature). - ISBN 5-17-006175-7.
• Lesso T. Mushrooms, determinant / per. from English. L. V. Garibova, S. N. Lekomtseva. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2003. - S. 260-261. - ISBN 5-17-020333-0.

Links

CC © wikiredia.ru

Mushroom puffball

Raincoats are at best bypassed. And even they trample, mistakenly taking for poisonous mushrooms and not knowing what a wonderful medicine is under their feet!

Puffball mushroom can be used in the treatment of many diseases. These mushrooms can be dried without losing their medicinal properties. The main thing is to boil them slightly before drying, because they can crumble into dust. For storage, you need to choose young mushrooms and cut them into thin translucent slices.

What heals?

And they treat with the help of this fungus eczema, anemia, indigestion, venous congestion and many more different ailments. It also helps in wound healing. According to an old recipe, a piece of a young mushroom is applied to the wound or sprinkled with dust - raincoat spores - and then simply bandaged.

Raincoat tincture

To prepare a medicinal tincture, you need to fill a liter jar with mushrooms, then fill them with vodka and leave for 2 weeks in a dark place. It is recommended to drink this remedy for 1 tbsp. l. (diluted with water) 3 times a day before meals.
This tincture is excellent for diseases of the liver and stomach.

Mushrooms Raincoats

In addition, it is a good prevention of cancerous tumors.

Puffball mushroom against eczema

For skin ailments (eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), mix 100 ml of water and vodka each. Tightly fill a liter jar with young mushrooms and fill with vodka mixture. Leave in a dark place for two weeks, strain. Then add 10 drops each of tea tree oil and lavender oil. Rub this remedy on sore spots twice a day. According to the same recipe, only without the addition of essential oils, you can prepare a raincoat tincture.
Take it 1 tbsp. with water three times a day before meals for skin diseases, as well as to remove toxins from the body after suffering helminthiasis, hepatitis. The course is a week, a week later, if necessary, repeat.

Infusion of the pulp of the fungus is effective for laryngitis

2 tbsp raw materials pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, after 30 minutes strain, squeeze. Gargle two to three times daily after meals until improved.

Raincoat contraindications

You can not take a raincoat for pregnant and lactating mothers, as well as for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney failure. And the rest - a very useful and healing mushroom!

Raincoat this mushroom can be collected only when its flesh has not turned black, that is, you can take young raincoat mushrooms for food. You can say that raincoats are edible until they lose their whiteness. In the people, round mushrooms are most often called powder flasks, grandfather's or mouse's, tobacco. Some mushroom pickers know that puffballs are edible, but don't take them because they don't know how to cook them. This is done very simply: like any sweet mushrooms, they need to be washed, crumbled into a frying pan (the raincoat has a dense skin and before cooking, they can be peeled like potatoes - the taste will be much better) or into the soup (for soup they take raincoats in a dry and not hot weather, because if the mushroom gets wet even in the rain, it will not taste the same.For the same reason, mushrooms for soup are not washed, but only wiped with a damp cloth).

Raincoats do not need to be pre-boiled or soaked, cook them in oil or sour cream. If you want to dry raincoats for future use for food and treatment, then they should be boiled a little before that, otherwise they will turn into dust. Raincoats are used as a hemostatic agent. It is also useful to have raincoats for internal bleeding.

Delicious and healthy puffball mushroom, description and use

The raincoat is also used to treat kidney diseases, laryngitis, urticaria, and inhibits the development of leukemia. It contains calvacin, which has an antibiotic effect.

In Russia, young beauties who wanted to shine with snow-white teeth bleached them with raincoats! They broke open a young mushroom and actively rubbed it into the enamel of the teeth. They say it helped.

Mushroom pickers are reluctant to collect raincoats because there are false raincoats in nature. Yes, there are some. In false puffballs, the flesh quickly becomes black-olive or bluish-gray, but most importantly, it has a sharp, unpleasant odor in contrast to the pleasant mushroom in edible species.

For psoriasis: Collect the dry powder of brown puffball spores and sprinkle on weeping plaques. Store the powder in a dry, warm place in a closed glass jar.

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