In the spring of 1944, the US 8th Air Force was temporarily suspended from strategic missions and, together with the KVAC Bomber Command, reoriented to other targets, having received orders to act in a tactical role to support the upcoming invasion of Europe. Only after that could she again begin strategic flights and strikes against Germany.
On January 4, 1944, heavy four-engined bombers Boeing B-17 and Consolidated B-24 flew for the last time on missions as part of the US VIII Bomber Command. On this day, the 8th and 15th Air Armies were united under a centralized command, namely, as part of the new US Strategic Air Force (USSAF) with headquarters at Bushy Hall. In fact, this transformation was a reorganization of the US 8th Air Force. On February 22, the VIII Bomber Command, in turn, was renamed the 8th Air Army, and it ceased to exist as the previous corps.
General Karl Spaats returned to England to lead the US Air Force. Simultaneously, Major General "Jimmy" Doolittle transferred command of the 15th Air Force to Major General Nathan E Thuiting and took over the new 8th Air Force at High Wycombe. Dolittle's approach was simple and straightforward: "Win the war in the skies and cut off the enemy on the battlefield." Spaats and Doolittle intended to engage the US Army Air Force in a program of well-coordinated raids on enemy targets as part of Operation Argument. The efforts of the Americans in the daytime were to be supported by the night actions of the Bomber Command, the goal was to shred and crush the German aircraft industry into small pieces as quickly as possible.
By mid-1944, the US 8th Air Force, in terms of manpower, had reached over 200,000 troops, reaching its peak; it included 40 groups of heavy bombers, 15 groups of fighters and four groups of specialized support aircraft. This state of affairs allowed the 8th Army on an ongoing basis to send more than 2,000 four-engine bombers and more than 1,000 escort fighters on missions to several targets in one day. Within the US Air Force as a whole command, the 8th Air Force made the main contribution to the offensive operations in the skies of Germany, nicknamed "Big Week". Escort fighters targeted Luftwaffe interceptors as German fighter pilots attempted to shoot down bombers on missions to bomb the German aircraft industry. Eighth Army heavy bombers also flew deep into the heart of Germany, making daytime raids on Berlin.
"Consolidated" B-24D "Liberator"
491st Bomber Group / 8th US Air Force, North Pickenham, Norfolk, 1944
Each group of Liberators consisted of one brightly colored aircraft to facilitate the formation of a group formation over the NC before the vehicles crossed the English Channel or the North Sea on their way to their assigned targets. Converted from "war-worn" machines, such unarmed aircraft, having completed the task of collecting the group, then returned to their airfield.
Crew: 10
Powerplant: 4 x 895 kW. (1200 hp) radial piston engine "Pratt-and-Whitley Twin-Wasp" Max, speed: 488 km / h Range: 1730 km Service ceiling: 8540 m Dimensions: wingspan 33.53 m; length 20.22 m; height 5.49 m Weight: 32 296 kg in running order
Armament: 1 (usually 3) x 12.7 mm machine gun in the nose, plus 2 x 12.7 mm machine gun in the dorsal, tail and retractable ball turrets; 2 side-mounted machine guns to the tail from the midsection; up to 3629 kg of bombs
Boeing B-17F Flying Fortress
388th Bomber Group / 8th US Air Force, 1944
This B-17F landed at Rinkabi in neutral Sweden on 29 February 1944 and was later used by the country as a 14-seater passenger aircraft with the appropriate markings. So from October 6, 1944, a combat aircraft converted into a civilian transport aircraft began to serve peaceful purposes.
Crew: 8-10
Powerplant: 4 x 895 kW. (1200 hp) radial piston engine "Wright Cyclone" Max, speed: 475 km / h Range: 2071 km Service ceiling: 10 975 m Dimensions: wingspan 31.6 m; length 22.8 m; height 5.85 m Weight: 25 400 kg in running order
Armament: 12 x 12.7 mm machine guns; 7983 kg of bombs
1st AVIATION DIVISION (MAY 1945)
Part of Group Headquarters
1st bombs wing Bassingburn 91st, 381st, 398th bombs. gr.
40th bombs, Turley wing 92nd, 305th, 306th bombs. gr.
41st bombs, Molesworth wing 303rd, 379th, 384th bombs. gr.
94th bombs, Polebrook wing 351st, 401st, 457th bombs. gr.
67th fighter Wolcott Hall wing 20th, 352nd, 356th, 359th, 364th fighters. gr.
Tactical raids
Prior to the allied invasion of France in June 1944, heavy bombing groups from the 8th Air Army carried out tactical raids in preparation for and then providing tactical support to allied ground forces in the invasion area and further inland from coastal bridgeheads. The flight crews also assisted the landing operation to assault Arnhem in the Netherlands in September 1944, and also attacked the German ground forces during the "Battle of the Intervention" at the end of the same year.
Such missions, however, were costly to the personnel, and 50 percent of the losses of the US Air Force in World War II were attributed to the 8th Air Force: 26,000 killed and over 21,000 wounded. The 8th Army's contribution, as well as the scale of allied operations in Europe, is best expressed in the fact that Air Force personnel have been awarded 17 Medals of Honor, 220 Distinguished Service Crosses and 442,000 Air Force Medals. In the 8th Air Army there were 261 ace fighters, 31 of which chalked up over 15 downed enemy aircraft.
Latest raids
The last raid of the 8th Air Army took place on April 25, 1945, when B-17s raided the Skoda weapons plant in Plzen, Czechoslovakia, and B-24s attacked railway facilities around Hitler's spare lair in Berchtesgaden, meanwhile The 15th Air Force attacked the mountain passes in order to prevent the attempts of German troops to get out of Italy through them.
After the end of the war in Europe, some combat units began to be transferred to the Pacific Ocean. The headquarters of the 8th Air Army arrived in Okinawa on July 16, 1945, but the 8th Army itself never served in the Pacific theater of operations.
"De-Haviyayend Mosquito" PR.Mk XVI
653rd Bomber Squadron (Light) / 8th US Army Air Force, U Otgon, Norfolk, 1944
This aircraft was used for meteorological reconnaissance and visual assessment of the results of bombing after raids. As befits a reconnaissance aircraft from aerial photography units, the aircraft is painted blue with black and white "invasion stripes" on the lower surface of the fuselage, and its affiliation with the US Air Force is expressed in state symbols, a red tail section and identification marks of the 653rd Bomber squadrons on the horizontal rudder of the stabilizer.
Powerplant: 2 x 1253-kW. (1680 hp) engine "Merlin 72" Max, speed: 668 km / h Range: 2400 km Service ceiling: I 000 m Dimensions: wingspan 16.52 m; length 12.43 m; height 5.3 m Weight: 6490 kg empty
8th Air Army
The first Mustangs (P-51 B) entered the 354th Fighter Group of the 9th Tactical Air Army in November 1943. This displeased the leadership of the 8th Air Army, where such machines were more needed. To mitigate the conflict, the 354th group was transferred to the command of the 8th Air Army until June 6, 1944. Thanks to this circumstance, the 9th Air Force was also able to boast of several famous aces.
The aircraft of the 354th group wore typical camouflage and elements of quick identification - white propeller coca with a 12-inch stripe in front of the exhaust manifold, as well as a set of white stripes on the wings and tail. Additionally, the planes carried letters (according to the RAF scheme), made in white paint. This circumstance applied to all P-51s of the 8th Air Army. Only planes without camouflage bore black letters instead of white letters. A special feature of the aircraft was the serial number transferred from under the tail to the keel. The license plate was stencilled with yellow (black on planes without camouflage) paint. The number consisted of five, six or seven digits. The first digit has always been the last digit of the year in which the copy was ordered.
P-51D from 6. FS (C), 2. ACG, spring 1945, India. Note the exclamation point so on the keel.
P-51D-20-NA of 45S. FS, 506. FG awaiting the arrival of B-29, Iwo Jima. Prior to this, the aircraft belonged to 72. FS, 21. FG and had the number 257. Remnants of the former color markings are visible on the nose, blue diagonal stripes on the tail.
P-51D from 47. FS, 15. FG while refueling in Saipan before flying to Iwo Jima. The tactical number is visible on board.
A milestone in the history of the USAAF color designation system can be considered on February 15, 1944, when the 56th Fighter Group declared red as the color of the group. However, the pilots of the 4th Fighter Group did not agree with this, believing that their group, as the oldest group of the 8th Air Army, had the right to be the first to choose their color. As a result, red became the color of the 4th group, and the 56th group painted the noses of their P-47 fighters in the colors of the squadrons: 61st - red, 62nd - yellow, 63rd - blue. Later it turned out that the P-47 and P-51 differ markedly from each other, so the 56th fighter group received the right to use red paint. As a result, in the 8th Air Army, red became the color of two fighter groups.
From December 4, 1943, all tactical designations on the P-51, including quick identification elements, were made with fluorescent paints. Until that time, only identification marks were applied with fluorescent paint.
P-51D-2Q-NA from 462. FS, 506. FG, 20. AF, Iwo Jima. Pay attention to the yellow background under the last three digits of the serial number - this is the remainder of the previous aircraft color.
From the book Results of the Second World War. Conclusions of the vanquished the author German Military SpecialistsAir war in Germany The goal - to destroy the economic potential of the enemy and thereby deprive his army of everything it needs - was first achieved in practice in the civil war in the United States of America. In the First World War, the blockade had the same goal.
From the book The Swastika in the Sky [The Struggle and Defeat of the German Air Force, 1939-1945] author Bartz KarlWar Economy and Air Warfare From mid-1943, the increasing frequency of enemy air raids began to exert a great influence on the German military industry and the military economy as a whole. The main place in the program of building German aviation for a long time
From the book Balkans 1991-2000 NATO Air Force against Yugoslavia author Sergeev P.N.CHAPTER 12 THE AIR POWER OF THE ALLIES The longer the war went on, the more and more the American air power hung over Germany. In 1939, just before the outbreak of war, the United States had approximately 500 army and naval aircraft, and the total
From the book Kozhedub the author Bodrikhin Nikolay Georgievich From the book P-51 "Mustang" Part 2 author Ivanov S.V. From the book Pilots at War the author Chechelnitsky Grigory Abramovich8th Air Army The first "Mustangs" (P-51B) entered the 354th Fighter Group of the 9th Tactical Air Army in November 1943. This displeased the leadership of the 8th Air Army, where such machines were more needed. To mitigate the conflict, the 354th group was transferred to
From the book Aircraft Carriers, Volume 2 [with pictures] author Polmar Norman354th Fighter Group, 9th Air Force - Boxted airfield (since June 23, 1944, different bases in France) For a long time, the group was under the operational control of the 8th Air Force, therefore its description is placed here. The group included 353rd (FT), 355th (GQ) and
From the book Aviation and Cosmonautics 2013 10 author15th Air Force - Italy All British fighter aircraft in Italy were assembled as part of the 306th Fighter Wing. Four wing groups flew P-51B and D. None of the wing's Mustangs had camouflage. In the Mediterranean theater, all single-engine aircraft of the Allies
From the book Smersh vs Abwehr. Covert operations and legendary scouts author Zhmakin Maxim5th Air Army - Philippines, Okinawa P-51 with a teardrop-shaped lantern were in service with two fighter groups of the 5th Air Army: the 3rd Air Group and the 71st Tactical Reconnaissance Group. The aircraft arrived at the end of 1944. None of the vehicles had camouflage.
From the book Air War over the USSR. 1941 the author Kornyukhin Gennady VasilievichChapter two. The army is replenishing, the army is learning In the spring and early summer of 1943 among the officers of the air army it was more and more often heard: "Our regiment has arrived." And maybe then the most difficult for the command was the question of where to place the new flight units: airfields
From the book Hitler's Spy Machine. Military and political intelligence of the Third Reich. 1933-1945 the author Jorgensen ChristerAir War over Vietnam Since the Tonkin incident last fall, the US Navy has maintained Task Force 77, consisting of 3 attack aircraft carriers and escort ships, in the South China Sea. In response to Viet Cong raids on American bases in
From the book Unknown Lavochkin the author Yakubovich Nikolay VasilievichThe Great Air Race Vladislav Morozov From England to Australia The development of aviation in the first decades of the XX century took place exactly according to the laws of all other extreme sports, and sometimes had an openly adventurous character. At first, enthusiasts built in
From the author's bookChapter 4. Soviet air reconnaissance Air reconnaissance occupied an important place among other types of reconnaissance and was carried out in close contact with them. By the beginning of the war, there were army and corps aviation reconnaissance. The first consisted of separate reconnaissance
From the author's bookChapter 3. Air war in the Arctic
From the author's bookEye of Heaven: Aerial Reconnaissance As mentioned earlier, the First World War led to the emergence of the most effective means of monitoring the enemy - the aircraft. During the period between the two wars, these initially clumsy winged machines became more reliable and
The figures in the tables above, if you look at it, are frankly dull.
The tonnage of bombs dropped by the NBA is chronically superior to daytime aviation (bombers and attack aircraft) with three times less losses.
The "rogue Rudel" is simply resting from claims for enemy losses - 8 VA monthly reported on the destruction of approximately two enemy tank divisions with several assault divisions in addition.
The level of overbranding, if we recall the corresponding figures of Rastrenin with the frankly insignificant anti-tank capabilities of the IL-2, it is even difficult to predict. In terms of enemy aviation, the situation was apparently not much better, since in this direction, two air armies frankly horrified only three German fighter groups - in August, the ShAP could go to re-form after three days of participation in hostilities.
Specifically, in numbers, 206 attack aircraft, 83 day bombers and 388 fighters were lost for all reasons in two months. In the afternoon, 1,879,149 tons of bombs were dropped and 5398 incomprehensible toli kilograms, roofing felts two-kilogram pieces. ampoules of AZ with liquid KS and 3871 sorties were made "on the attack". However, reconnaissance sorties with a combat load were also present, and quite often bombers and attack aircraft were involved in reconnaissance missions. For reconnaissance over these two months, 1978 sorties were made, I think a reasonable percentage of the participation in them of the SHA and BA would be 30-35%.
In total, let us take the number of combat sorties by daytime bomber and assault aircraft of the order of 4500.
From these figures, it turns out that the average combat load on a sortie, taking into account reconnaissance, is about 418 kg, with the distribution of the bomb load exclusively "on the attack", the figure grows to 485 kg. Plus, from 5,398 to 10,418 tons of ampoules with KS liquid are added, which do not radically increase the load.
Losses of SHA and BA aircraft were approximately 16 sorties per vehicle.
The 8th Air Army was formed in June 1942 at the Air Force base of the Southwestern Front, consisting of 10 air divisions (,,,, 269th fighter,,,, 272nd bomber, 226th, 228th assault).
The military path of the army began in the defensive battles of the troops of the South-West on the Poltava, Kupyansk, Valuisk-Rossosh directions. From July to November 1942, the army took part in the defensive battles at Stalingrad. Supported by the troops of the South-Eastern and Stalingrad fronts, the army's formations carried out assault bombing strikes at the enemy's troops, and fought stubborn air battles with superior aviation forces. In November-December 1942, the 8VA supported the front troops in the counteroffensive, took part in the air blockade of the encircled group of German fascist forces in the defeat of the Kotelnikov grouping of the enemy. At the beginning of 1943, the army, acting as part of the Southern Front in the Rostov direction, destroyed the retreating enemy troops on the roads, covered the advancing troops from the air, conducted aerial reconnaissance, and fought against suitable enemy reserves.
During the general summer offensive of Soviet troops in 1943, its formations supported the hostilities of the Southern (from October 20, 1943 - the 4th Ukrainian) Front when breaking through the enemy's defenses on the river. Mius, the liberation of Donbass, Melitopol and the southern part of the Left-Bank Ukraine. In the winter of 1943/44, 8VA supported the troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front during the liquidation of the Nikopol grouping of German fascist troops, and ensured the regrouping and concentration of troops of the 4th Ukrainian Front near Sivash and Perekop before the start of the Crimean operation. In April 1944, army pilots, when crossing the Sivash and breaking through the Perekop defensive line, inflicted bombing and assault strikes at the concentration points of the enemy tank, and after breaking through its defenses, they supported the front troops during the offensive into the depths of the Crimean Peninsula, the storming of Sapun Mountain, the liberation of Sevastopol, and the elimination of enemy troops on Cape Chersonesus, struck at enemy ships in the Black Sea. From July 16 to August 3, 1944, as part of the 1st Ukrainian Front, she participated in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation.
In August 1944, the army was transferred to the newly formed 4th Ukrainian Front and supported its troops in overcoming the Carpathians and liberating Transcarpathian Ukraine from the fascist German troops. In January 1945, the VA, as part of the 4th Ukrainian Front, fought during the liberation of Czechoslovakia and the southern regions of Poland, took part in the Moravian-Ostrava operation. The army ended its combat path by participating in the Prague operation and liberating the capital of Czechoslovakia from the enemy. During the war, 8VA made over 220 thousand sorties. Thousands of army soldiers were awarded orders and medals. The most courageous were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and
Base relevance: 2019.08.19
To use the "KLADR" - Classifier of addresses of the Russian Federation on the site, we receive up-to-date data from the State Register of Addresses of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.
- KLADR code: 34000001000047600
| House spacing | Postcode | Okato code | Tax code |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.10а, 11.11b, 12.14.14а, 15.15а, 16.19.19b | 400137 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 20.21a, 22.24.26.26a, 28.28b, 28d, 3.30.32 | 400137 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 23а, 27.27а, 29.31.33.33b, 33d, 35.35а, 35d | 400117 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 28a | 400052 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 32a, 34.36.38.38a, 38d, 5.6.6a, 6b, 7.9.9a, 9d | 400137 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 37.37a, 37b, 39.40.41.42.43.44.44a, 44d, 45 | 400117 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 46.46b, 47.47a, 47astr1.47b, 47d, 47k, 48.48a | 400117 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 48g, 48d, 48str1.48str2.50.50astr2.52.52a | 400117 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 53a, 54.54b, 54d, 56.56a, 58.58a, 58d, 66.66a | 400117 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
| 66 page 1 | 400117 | 18401365000 | 3443 |
"KLADR" - Classifier of addresses of the Russian Federation
Entered into force on 01.12.2005 by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated 17.11.2005 No. SAE-3-13 / [email protected] The current version of the database is 4.0.
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