One of the most common roofing materials is metal tile, which has earned its popularity many years ago and is not going to give up its positions.
Metal tiles are galvanized sheets of steel with a thickness of 0.4 to 0.6 mm with a special polymer coating that protects them from corrosion and gives them color, subjected to transverse stamping in order to obtain a pattern that imitates natural tiles.
The cost of a roof made of metal tiles is determined by the quality of the source material itself, as well as the prices offered by companies specializing in its installation. Therefore, before buying a material, it is necessary to study the market in detail, consult with experienced specialists, and listen to reviews from other buyers.
Of course, the price of the material depends largely on the manufacturer's company. So, a metal tile of a large and well-known brand will cost more, but you won’t have to worry about the quality of the material. Plus, the cost of imported roofing material increases due to customs duties, transportation costs, etc. For example, the Finnish metal tile produced in Finland is famous for its high quality, the price of which is more expensive than the material of domestic production. Also, the cost of production is determined by the thickness of the steel sheets themselves, as well as the zinc layer, and the type of polymer coating.
As for the cost of services for laying this material, it is always different. Prices here are formed based on the type of roof itself, the total complexity of the work, the number of storeys of the house, and the skill level of the installation team. When choosing a company that will provide services for the installation of this coating, the main thing is not to make a mistake and entrust this matter to a specialized company, whose highly qualified workers will calculate the metal roofing for the roof, take into account all the nuances when drawing up estimates, give a guarantee for the quality of their work, and also provide further service roofing if necessary.
Advantages of metal tile and its disadvantages
One of the main advantages of metal tiles is durability, which is guaranteed by the special strength and exceptional reliability of the material. Therefore, such a roof will retain its original appearance for a long time.
Another important plus is its low weight, which allows not to involve complex equipment when laying.
In addition, the metal tile has good resistance to sudden temperature fluctuations, while retaining all physical properties, and it is also not subject to deformation.
Among the important advantages of this material stands out and cost-effectiveness. Having many advantages, the metal tile has at the same time rather low price. In addition, it is not required to lay preparatory additional layers under it, as, for example, for bituminous tiles.
The metal tile during installation is very convenient and simple, which also belongs to its pluses. A wide selection of different colors and textures of the material will allow you to equip any roof that would be in harmony with any style of the building.
As disadvantages of metal tiles, its increased consumption on complex roofs stands out. In addition, in places where the protective coating of the material is broken, corrosion will occur. But this drawback can most likely be attributed to the inexperience of those craftsmen who were engaged in roofing equipment and damaged the coating. The same applies to the fact that metal tiles sometimes click in the sun. This suggests that the master, when skidding or laying the material, its geometry was violated, it was bent or twisted. Often the disadvantage of this type of roofing is called noise in wind and rain. In fact, a well-laid metal tile, even with strong wind gusts, will not knock on the crate, and the strong noise of rain or hail will be well heard only on the attic floor, but not on the residential floor. And even if the attic floor is residential, it is, accordingly, insulated with a special material, which, in addition to its direct role, also performs the function of soundproofing. Therefore, this noise will turn more into a pleasant rustle.
What is metal roofing covered with?
1. Polyester coating, one of the first to appear, is the most popular. Its base is polyester paint, which gives the material a certain stable color. There is a glossy and matte polyester with a thickness of 25 and 35 microns, respectively. The advantages of this coating include a low price, good resistance to all weather conditions and corrosion, a high level of flexibility, and the possibility of application in any climatic zone.
Matte polyester has the same advantages as glossy polyester, but differs in its velvety surface, which gives the roof a more pleasant aesthetic appearance, reminiscent of natural tiles. A serious disadvantage of polyester is its low resistance to various mechanical damages. Polyester-coated metal tiles are widely used on both external and internal surfaces of any building structures. It is a cost-effective and smart choice for roofs in environments that are not very polluted.
2. Plastisol coating is the thickest of all, which is based on polyvinyl chloride. The thickness of this type of coating varies from 100 to 200 microns. It has a rough surface. The undoubted advantages of plastisol-coated metal tiles are excellent wear resistance, good resistance to corrosion, high humidity, dirt and mechanical damage (the coating that is most resistant to the “roughness” of installers). The downside of plastisol is the low operating upper temperature, so it is not advisable to use such a metal tile in a very hot climate. But in climatic conditions with high humidity, this material will be the best option.
3. Pural coating based on polyurethane (modified) with polyamide additives has a thickness of 50 microns. Its advantages are non-susceptibility to large temperature differences, high resistance to corrosion processes and adverse environmental influences, good color fastness. In addition, pural scratches less than polyester. Among the minuses, it stands out that, compared with a plastisol coating, it has a lower resistance to plastic deformation, so it is necessary to bend such sheets very carefully. The device of a roof from a metal tile with a pural covering can be carried out in belts with any climate.
4. The PVDF coating contains 20% acrylic, 80% polyvinyl fluoride and has a thickness of 27 microns. It is characterized by a glossy metallic finish. The advantages of this coating are durability (the most durable coating), high resistance to fading (practically does not fade) and mechanical damage. In addition, the unique advantage of PVDF coating is its self-cleaning when it rains. Such a coating can be used even in various conditions of aggressive environments, for example, on the sea coast.
It's not easy to choose the right one.
metal tile- roofing made of metal wavy sheets, which are sprayed with a protective layer of polymer enamel.
A variety of shapes, colors, determine the popularity of the coating.
Soft roof(otherwise - flexible (bituminous) tiles) - roofing tiles based on modified bitumen and fiberglass and granulate. The granulate on the outside provides the base with various color shades, and the lower self-adhesive adhesive layer ensures reliable installation of the coating.
Soft roof or metal tile: pros and cons roofing data.
TO virtues metal tiles include:
- strength coatings;
- a wide range of colors;
- durability;
- water resistance;
- ease of installation;
- incombustibility;
- ease tile sheet.
The disadvantages are:
- low level of sound insulation;
- complex roof structure high flow tiles;
- has good thermal conductivity;
- possible occurrence corrosion when the material is damaged.
Despite the presence of shortcomings, metal tiles are one of the most popular coatings on the building materials market. Disadvantages such as low noise insulation and good thermal conductivity can be eliminated by insulating the roof with a high-quality heat insulator.
Advantages and disadvantages of a soft roof
Soft tiles also have their pros and cons.
Its advantages include:
Identified shortcomings soft tiles:
- high price;
- installed only on a solid crate;
- prone to burning.
Manufacturers present soft tiles as a coating that is not affected by the appearance of fungus, mold development, however, during operation, buyers have noticed the occurrence of fungus in the shady places of the roof.
What material is easier and cheaper to mount
The installation of any roofing implies its own characteristics, depending on the characteristics of the material.
Let's compare the installation of metal and bituminous tiles in terms of:
- by price;
- installation complexity.
cost cost
If we consider separately the price of tiles based on the roof area, then Both covers are about the same price. A: Price difference may vary by manufacturer. When buying, you should focus on the experience of specialists:
- metal sheets should take with stock, since during installation there can be a lot of waste;
- when installing a soft roof, there is almost no waste, however, will have to spend on the crate, laying it in a continuous way. This version of the crate can be justified: in this case, the insulation characteristics of the roof increase, and the soundproofing qualities increase. But it is not always necessary, especially if the attic is non-residential.
- in places prone to drips, it is recommended for bituminous tiles lay special lining materials to provide ;
- for the equipment of roofing under a metal tile or under a soft roof have approximately the same cost (cornices, drains, end strips, gutters).
Thus, the cost of a supply of metal tiles is much lower than for the equipment of a continuous roof lathing, flooring of lining carpets for a bituminous roof, therefore, in general you will have to spend almost twice as much on a soft tile coating.
Difficulty of installation
Difficulty of installation
Complexity laying metal tiles and soft roofs independently roughly the same:
- metal tiles are laid with self-tapping screws, and soft roof sheets are glued and nailed, you can use ours to calculate the roof;
- sheets of metal tiles are lighter, this allows you to spend less physical effort on styling. Soft tile sheets in the package are heavier, so the only difficulty that may arise is lifting the material onto the roof;
- metal tiles are more difficult to cut than soft tiles;
- much more is spent on laying metal tile sheets less time than the soft counterpart.
NOTE!
Installation of a soft roof should be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°С. At low temperatures, when pressed, the material may be deformed, and the tightness of the adhesive may suffer.
Mounting temperature is the only difficulty in laying a flexible roof compared to a metal tile. But, since roofing work is most often performed during the warm period, this circumstance is not always relevant.
In general, you can quite easily cope on your own, both when covering the roof with metal tiles, and when installing a bituminous coating.
Comparison of dimensions and technical characteristics
The dimensions and weight of the cover material are considered in order to determine the load of the cover material on the roofs.
Dimensions and weight of materials
Metal tiles are produced sheets up to 450 cm long, up to 119 cm wide.
The weight of one square meter covered with metal tiles is approximately 5 kg.
Soft roofing is made with shingles 100 cm long, up to 33.7 cm wide.
Despite the small size of the sheets, the weight of one square meter of a soft roof can reach 12 kg.
Thus, the load on the roof truss system of large sheets of metal is much less than sheets of bituminous roofing.
Specification Comparison
Excellent technical performance of one material cannot be expressed in another, but such a problem is solvable:
- the soundproofing characteristics of metal sheets are significantly inferior to those of bituminous material. Compensate for this shortcoming when laying metal tiles, you can use laying;
- when laying metal tiles, it is necessary to install, which is not required by bituminous coating due to the rough surface that can hold snow;
- with good non-combustibility of metal tiles, g A flexible roof, on the contrary, is prone to burning.
Coating characteristics
Characteristics of durability, color fastness, strength, resistance to external influences, environmental friendliness, water resistance of metal and bituminous tiles almost the same. Coatings are able to maintain their properties in different climatic conditions in different ways. All characteristics and indicators are focused on temperate climate regions.
Conclusion: metal tile or soft roof, which is better?
So, flexible tile or metal tile, which is better? Based on all the indicators of materials, it is rather difficult to decide on the choice of coating. 
Metal tiles and soft roofs are not in vain the most popular covering materials: their technical characteristics allow you not to think about replacing the roofing for many years, and the color assortment, the variety of material configurations, and the brightness can decorate the building and give it individuality.
The bituminous tile allows to embody the most courageous design decisions, as it is able to cover the most ornate roofs with many bends and slopes.
Metal roofing is cheaper than shingles, but at the same time, soft tiles have excellent sound insulation and are well suited for a mansard roof.
The main indicator of coverage is its price. Experts do not recommend saving on coverage, since the roof is the main indicator of coziness, warmth, and comfort in the house.
metal tile or soft roof
The metal tile is suitable for more strict - two-three-pitched roofs, which have few inclined ribs and are devoid of hard-to-reach places.
Useful video
Comparison of the technical characteristics of these coatings in video format:
The current construction market is represented by a huge number of building materials, many of which have appeared relatively recently. Metal tile, which appeared at the end of the 20th century, is one of the favorite roofing materials. Due to the unique properties and a lot of advantages, this building material quickly fell in love with the modern consumer, took a leading position, became quite popular and popular.
Characteristics of the roofing material
A metal tile is a material for covering the roof of buildings and structures, most often made of rolled galvanized steel, less often copper and aluminum. The thickness of the steel sheet is usually at least 0.5 mm. To give the material strength and durability, it is covered with a protective layer, primed and chemically treated. In addition, metal tile sheets are treated with a colored polymer coating. It should be noted that the price of the finished product depends entirely on the type of polymer that is used to coat the material. Then, with the help of special equipment, the metal tile is given a wave-like shape, which subsequently makes the roofing material more rigid and attractive.
The metal tile is manufactured on specialized bending and profiling equipment.
The main stages of production:
- Production of steel sheets, application of anti-corrosion balls on them (the sheet must have a completely smooth surface so that the protective layers lie evenly).
- Sheet priming (the quality of the priming affects the subsequent polymer coating).
- Drying of products (carried out in ovens that maintain a certain temperature).
- Cooling (carried out in order to subsequently achieve good adhesion of the polymer coating to the metal sheet).
- Application of a polymer coating (affects the main characteristics of the roofing material).
- Drying of the finished product.
The structure of the metal tile
The basis of the material is a sheet of galvanized steel, manufactured by hot-dip galvanizing. In order to significantly enhance the positive properties of the material, to increase the anti-corrosion qualities, new types of such protective coatings are being developed. Today, new alloys are being introduced: aluminosilicon, zinc with iron or aluminum, and in various combinations and proportions. The reverse side is usually treated with protective paint, the outer side with polymers.
Metal roofing
The main polymers used as a coating for metal tiles:
Acrylic
Treatment with an acrylic layer is cheap and short-lived. The coating is easily damaged during the installation of the roof, and after a few years the paint layer loses its attractiveness and freshness of color, as it fades under the influence of the sun's rays.
Video: Metal tile
Polyester
The polyester paint finish has a glossy surface and is considered the most economical. Such a coating is perfect for a temperate climate, where there is no incredible heat and severe frosts. Often, manufacturers add quartz sand to polyester to give strength, wear resistance and reliability. However, the cost of such a metal tile is somewhat more expensive.
Matte polyester
This polyester coating creates a matte surface that is resistant to fading and mechanical damage.
Plastisol
The coating is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and plasticizers. Such a metal tile has a considerable thickness, is quite durable and resistant to all kinds of mechanical stress. However, plastisol loses its original color when heated above eighty degrees, so this material is not recommended for use in southern latitudes.
Pural
The covering has a polyurethane basis on which the modified polyamide is applied. The metal tile differs in resistance to an ultraviolet, differences of temperature. It is the most resistant, therefore it will be successfully applied in any climatic conditions.
polydifluoride
This coating consists of 20% acrylic and 80% polyvinyl fluoride. The metal tile is self-washing, resistant to external aggressive environment, and retains its color for a long time. The coating is remarkably suitable for any climatic zones and regions.
Modern roofing metal tiles differ not only in the base material and the type of protective coating, but also in the height and shape of the profile. The most popular and economical option is considered to be the wave height of which is up to 50 mm. A metal tile with a wave height of more than 50 mm is more durable and more expensive. In addition, the most common type of roof is a profile made in the form of an asymmetric wave. Products with a profile in the form of a symmetrical wave are rare and expensive. There is also a tile with a trapezoid profile. Each type of tile also differs in pattern and wave depth.
The metal tile is modular and classical. The difference between them lies in the parameters of the edge of the sheet, both top and bottom. The first option is considered more economical, so the installation of the entire roof will be much cheaper. In addition, a modular metal tile is easier and more convenient to install, less subject to deformation.
Today, the industry offers metal tiles of various colors and shades. The roof, made in delicate light colors, is ideal for hot and sunny regions. Fans of luxurious and original design projects can use metal tiles in bright colors, a roof made of multi-colored material will look unusual. Choosing the color of the roofing, everyone is guided by their own preferences and desires. However, it should be remembered and taken into account that on tiles of darker colors, traces of fading are more noticeable than on light-colored roofs.
The main advantages of metal tiles
Video: Metal tile after 5 years. Operating experience. Review. All in the mind.
Main disadvantages
Application area
This roofing material is universal, it is used when installing all kinds of pitched roofs with a permissible slope angle of at least 14 degrees, otherwise it will be necessary to lay the sheets overlapping in two waves. The metal tile is ideal for mounting the roof of private and public, one- and multi-storey buildings and structures. Often such building material is used in the repair and restoration of the roof. In case of damage to a single section of the roof, you can only replace the defective section without dismantling the entire roof.
What to consider when choosing a metal tile
Modern metal tile is a worthy alternative to many roofing materials. When choosing this coverage, you need to take into account:
- thickness of the material (too thin material requires more careful handling during installation);
- zinc coating (the optimum content should be about 275 g / sq. m;
- primer layer, which should exceed 15 microns. It increases the level of adhesion and also protects the zinc ball from destruction;
- the type and thickness of the polymer layer, which are the most important for obtaining a high-quality roofing;
- the structure of the material (it can be matte, glossy, embossed, metallic, etc., does not affect the strength and resistance to external influences);
- environmental pollution level.
Metal tile is a material that was invented more than 30 years ago. Since then, working with it, certain experience has been constantly accumulated, many brochures and reference books have been published that describe the technologies for its manufacture. In order not to spend money on altering or restoring the roof, it is necessary, with the utmost accuracy, to follow the recommendations of the manufacturer. If they are not taken into account, then the shortcomings of the metal tile will certainly appear, which will shorten the life of the roofing.
Metal tiles are the most commonly used roofing material in construction today.
The main disadvantages of metal roofing
The metal tile has the following main disadvantages:
When roofing complex roofs, a lot of waste is left and it is much more difficult to ensure that there are no leaks.
- Weak soundproofing. Metal, as you know, has almost "zero" sound insulation. In rain and hail, tiles reflect all sound energy. Therefore, if you choose this material as a roof covering, then you need to be prepared for additional costs for soundproofing layers. Many materials used for these purposes combine heat-insulating and noise-absorbing properties. For example, the sound absorption coefficient of mineral wool, depending on which brand is used, ranges from 0.7 to 0.95. Thus, it would be economically feasible to use metal tiles on houses with attics.
- Low hardness. Given the small thickness of the metal and polymer coating, tiles are easily "vulnerable" materials. Particular attention to its integrity must be shown at the installation stage. Any scratch will subsequently lead to corrosion and reduce the life of the coating.
- Condensation formation. Condensation forms on the inside of this material. You can only deal with this by installing gaps between the roof and the waterproofing membrane. Otherwise, it will lead to the formation of mold and mildew and reduce the life of the material.
- Another disadvantage is a lot of waste (up to 30%) generated during installation. This is especially evident when constructing complex roofs. Therefore, the material must be purchased with a margin, and these are additional costs. And if you add here soundproofing and insulating layers, then the final price will be much higher than when using other materials.
- Metal tile, on which materials were saved and which corroded much faster.
The main mistakes in the manufacture of metal tiles
The basis of this roofing material is high-quality rolled steel. Well-known manufacturers of corrugated boards and metal tiles try to use good quality steel, 0.450.5 mm thick with a tolerance of +/- 10% in thickness. Thinner steel will not be able to provide the necessary rigidity of the sheet, and the shortcomings of the roof with such a coating will immediately come to light.
An important parameter of this material is the yield coefficient of steel, on which the quality of the profiled sheet depends.
An untreated scratch on a metal tile can cause the coating to begin to flake off.
On a metal with a low yield coefficient, sooner or later microcracks form, either during profiling or during operation, which will lead to a short roof service life.
Today, metal tiles are used not only in conditions of high humidity, but also in conditions of mechanical wear and rather high chemical aggressiveness. To maintain the original properties of roofing steel, special requirements are imposed. Hot galvanizing, or, more simply, galvanizing, is considered the most reliable method of protection. The amount of zinc in this case is 250-300 g/sq.m. When applying it, it is very important to maintain the same thickness of galvanizing on the steel sheet, avoiding bald patches. Then the galvanized strip is prepared for polymer coating.
Polymers for metal tiles: advantages and disadvantages
To date, the most common polymers are pural, matte polyester, PVF2, plastisol and polyester. These polymeric coatings are necessary for the zinc to act as a chemical protection for as long as possible. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.
A roof made of cheap metal tiles will lose its presentation in a few years, the coating will peel off and rust will show through.
- Polyester - a material with a glossy finish, relatively inexpensive. Suitable for all climatic conditions. The basis of this coating is polyester paint, which has good color fastness. The material has high plasticity. But it also has a drawback - low resistance to mechanical damage.
- Matte polyester is a polyester coating with a matte surface that has high mechanical resistance and color fastness. Able to maintain its properties in any climate.
- Plastisol is the thickest coating with an embossed surface. The basis of the coating is polyvinyl chloride. It is one of the most resistant coatings to the "roughness of installers", to the "aggression" of nature and to mechanical damage. If you choose plastisol for use in hot regions, then it is better to focus on light colors. They heat up less, reflect light better and fade less. Low resistance to ultraviolet rays is its only drawback.
- Pural - a new Finnish coating, has both its advantages and disadvantages. This material is made from polyurethane. It is not afraid of large temperature changes, high and low temperatures, has high color fastness and high corrosion resistance. Pural is less susceptible to mechanical damage than polyester, but less resistant to deformation. The sheets must be bent very carefully.
- PVF2 is a coating consisting of polyvinyl fluoride (80%) and acrylic (20%). It has self-washing properties, has a glossy metallic surface, and is also very resistant to mechanical damage. It is virtually non-fading and UV resistant. Very durable coating used in aggressive environments, such as on the coast. A metal tile treated with such a coating will last much longer than other polymers.
To date, they have not yet come up with a material devoid of shortcomings, and metal tiles are no exception. However, they can be significantly less if you purchase material from well-known manufacturers. Traditionally, the best metal tiles are produced in Finland and Sweden. Which metal tile has a good reputation? These include Ruuki (Finland), POIMUKATE (Finland), Takotta (Finland), ARECO (Sweden). Although, in fairness, it should be noted that many domestic manufacturers of metal tiles produce sufficiently high-quality products using high-quality materials and modern technologies. What matters is the warranty.
Sellers of Russian stores are often silent about the disadvantages that metal tiles have. When it comes to this material, the stereotype that has developed over the years about its economy, relative cheapness and high decorative qualities immediately comes to mind. But is it?
The most common roofing materials
The Russian construction market offers the following roofing materials for low-rise construction:
- metal tile;
- flexible tiles;
- ceramic tiles;
- ondulin.
Ondulin and ceramic tiles are a kind of two poles:
- the first of them is most often in demand in super-economical construction;
- the second is the choice of wealthy people and is a material of undeniably high quality.
As for the metal tile, it is the most widely demanded golden mean. Moreover, this demand is mainly due to the deliberately and widely disseminated opinion about the optimal price-quality ratio.
However, in order for the choice of roofing material to be really justified, one should carefully evaluate the shortcomings that are really inherent in this roofing material and about which sales consultants prefer not to talk much.
Metal tile and its inherent disadvantages
So, I will list the shortcomings that you should soberly assess, tending to purchase metal tiles:
- In an effort not to scare away potential buyers, manufacturers use a trick: to keep the price, they constantly thin the metal, which has turned almost into foil. So, at first, its thickness was 0.5 mm. Then it decreased to 0.45 mm, a little later - to 0.42 mm, and now it is 0.4 mm.
- Big questions arise about the quality of the polyester coating of metal tiles delivered from China. After a couple of years, this coating can burn out great. Moreover, the paint from it can be washed out by rain.
- Any scratch on the material triggers an intense corrosion process. To save the material during its installation, you have to involve professionals in the work. And this is the reason for quite significant additional costs.
- Professionals also have to be involved in order to guarantee the correct installation of the roof. If it is installed incorrectly, if, for example, there is no ventilation gap at the junction of the metal tile and the roofing cake, then the lack of proper ventilation will cause increased rusting of the metal and its failure in just a couple of years.
- It is impossible to walk on the surface of the metal tile at all! But the need for this arises quite regularly: this is the installation of an antenna, and snow cleaning, and chimney maintenance, and much more. Any step is fraught with the formation of dents, which turn into mini-accumulators of water and foci of corrosion. When walking on the roof, gaps may appear between the sheets through which moisture can freely penetrate into the under-roof space.
- Roofing screws and pressure washers installed under them quickly deteriorate: they crack and even fall apart. In their place are holes through which moisture begins to flow. But even if these elements have been preserved, they should be tightened after two years after installation, since the weakening causes rainwater to penetrate under the roof.
- The metal tile is not able to provide a comfortable level of sound insulation. It's not even about the rustle of rain, which many, in principle, like. In this case, it is worth recalling the birds, the careful tapping of whose claws for those in the house seems to be an unbearable metal rattle.
- If the roof has a complex shape, then during the installation of the roofing material a lot of trimmings are formed, and there is a large overrun when cutting and when adjusting the waves to each other. Moreover, metal tiles are completely incapable of meeting the requirements of some architectural solutions, which can be easily implemented with the help of, for example, soft tiles.
In addition to the disadvantages listed above, using this roofing material, you should think about how to insulate a metal roof, how to install a metal tile around a chimney, and also think carefully about other important points.
The undeniable advantages of metal tiles
- subject to the installation technology and in the absence of the negative points described above, the ability to last more than half a century;
- the possibility of using in any climatic zones due to a wide range of operating temperatures (-50°С÷+70°С);
- the ability to install during any time of the year due to non-susceptibility to any temperature fluctuations;
- light weight, which facilitates the process of implementation and work and allows you to cover houses that stand even on a light foundation;
- an abundance of design options and a large selection of shades;
- affordability;
- fire safety;
- the presence of a complete set of components, allowing, in addition to the roof, to equip drains, ebbs and other structural elements;
- high installation speed.
So, I do not at all deny the fact that the metal tile is a roofing material that is quite worthy of attention. However, making a choice in his favor, I recommend that you carefully evaluate those of its shortcomings, which are often forgotten to warn a potential buyer.