In 1939-1940 49 medium-sized English passenger and cargo-passenger liners (built 1921 - 1938) were converted into auxiliary cruisers for patrol and escort services: “Alauhia”, “Alcantara”, “Andania”, “Antenor”, “Arawa”, “Ascania” ", "Asturias", "Aurania", "Ausonia", "Bulolo", "California", "Canton", "Carinthia", "Carnarvon Castle", "Carthage", "Cathay", "Cheshire", "Chitral" , "Cilicia", "Circassia", "Comorin", "Corfu", "Derbyshire", "Dunnottar Castle", "Dunvegan Castle", "Esperance Bay", "Fortar", "Hestor", "Jervis Bay", " Laconia", "Laurentic", "Letitia", "Maloja", "Montclare", "Mooltan", "Moreton Bay", "Patroclus", "Pretoria Castle", "Queen of Bermuda", "Rajputana", "Ranchi" , "Ranpura", "Rawalpindi", "Salopian", "Scotsatoun", "Transylvania", "Voltaire", "Wolfe", "Worcestershire". To increase survivability, the space between decks was filled with empty barrels. In 1939-1944. 16 cruisers were lost. In 1941-1944. 26 ships were rebuilt into transport vessels, 2 into floating bases, 3 into floating workshops. Performance characteristics of the cruiser: standard displacement - 11 - 25 thousand tons; length – 150 – 190 m, width – 19 – 22 m, draft – 9 – 14 m; power plant -2 - 4 steam turbine units and 2 - 6 steam boilers; power -2.4 - 8.5 thousand hp; speed - 15 - 19 knots; crew – 250 – 450 people. Armament: 7 - 8x1 - 152 mm guns and 3x1 - 102 or 2x1 - 76 mm guns, 2x1 - 40 anti-aircraft guns.
The ship was built at the Australian shipyard "Cockatoo DYd" and entered into service in 1929. In 1938, she was transferred to British jurisdiction. The ship could also carry 37.7 thousand liters. aviation fuel. In 1943 - 1944 converted into a floating workshop for escort ships and minesweepers. In 1944, the ship was damaged and was not repaired. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 4.8 thousand tons, full displacement - 6.5 thousand tons; length – 135.3 m, width – 18.6 m, draft – 5.3 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine engines and 4 steam boilers; power - 12 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 942 tons of oil; speed - 21 knots; cruising range - 9.1 thousand miles; crew - 450 people. Armament: 4x1 – 120 mm guns; 4x1 - 40 mm and 6x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns; catapult; 6-9 seaplanes.
The ship "Ark Royal" was laid down as a merchant ship, completed as a seaplane transport and put into operation in 1914. In 1920-1921. underwent a major overhaul. In 1934 it was renamed “Pegasus”, and in 1938 it received a new catapult. The ship was decommissioned in 1946. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 7.5 thousand tons, full displacement - 8.5 thousand tons; length – 111.5 m, width – 15.5 m, draft – 5.4 m; power plant – steam engine and 2 steam boilers; power - 3 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 500 tons of oil; speed – 11 knots; crew - 180 people. Armament: 4x1 – 76 mm guns; 2x1 – 7.7 mm machine gun; catapult; 5 seaplanes.
The ships Athene and Engadine were laid down as transports at the Greenock and Denny shipyards, completed as seaplane transports and commissioned in 1941. They could also transport 129.6 thousand liters. aviation fuel. The ships were decommissioned in 1946. Performance characteristics of the ship: total displacement - 10.9/10.7 thousand tons; length – 148.6 m, width – 19.2 m, draft – 6.1 m; power plant – 2 steam engines and 5 steam boilers; power - 8.3 thousand hp; fuel reserve - 980 tons of oil; speed – 17 knots. Reservation: cellars – 37-51 mm. Armament: 1x1 – 120 mm and 1x1 – 102 mm guns; 4x1 - 40 mm and 7-10x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns; up to 40 fighters with disassembled planes or 16-20 fully assembled.
The ship was built at Fairfields shipyard and commissioned in 1935. It had various workshops as well as a hospital. The ship was decommissioned in 1962. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 8.8 thousand tons, full displacement - 10.2 thousand tons; length – 185.3 m, width – 19.5 m, draft – 5 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 4 steam boilers; power – 6.5 thousand hp; speed - 15.3 knots; fuel reserve - 112 tons of oil; cruising range - 5 thousand miles; crew - 666 people. Reservations: upper deck – 25 mm; lower – 51 mm. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm guns; 2x1 - 40 mm and 4x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The ships "Tyne" and "Hecla" were commissioned in 1940. They had internal torpedo protection 37 mm thick. The ships had a reserve of oil for destroyers - 2 thousand tons, 80 - 533 mm torpedoes and 150 depth charges. The floating base "Hecla" was lost in 1942, and the "Tyne" was decommissioned in 1973. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 11 thousand tons, full displacement - 14 thousand tons; length – 189.3 m, width – 20.1 m, draft – 6.3 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 4 steam boilers; power -7.5 thousand hp; speed - 17 knots; fuel reserve - 1.2 thousand tons of oil; crew - 818 people. Reservation: middle deck – 51 mm. Armament: 8x1 – 114 mm guns; 2x4-40mm and 6-16x1-20mm anti-aircraft guns.
Destroyer mother ship "Blenheim"
The cargo ship Achilles was built in 1920 at the Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. shipyard. In 1940, rebuilt into a mother ship under the designation "Blenheim". The ship was decommissioned in 1948. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 11.4 thousand tons, full displacement - 16.6 thousand tons; length – 160.5 m, width – 19.2 m, draft – 7.6 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units; speed - 14.5 knots; crew - 674 people. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm guns; 2x4 - 40 mm and 8x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
Merchant ship built in 1922 by Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. in 1941 it was rebuilt into a floating base. The ship was decommissioned in 1948. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 11.4 thousand tons, full displacement - 16.6 thousand tons; length – 156 m, width – 19.3 m, draft – 7.6 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units; power – 6.8 thousand hp; speed - 14 knots; crew - 670 people. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm anti-aircraft guns; 2x4 - 40 mm and 8x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The ship was built at the Cammell Laird Shipyard and commissioned in 1912. The floating base was scrapped in 1949. Performance characteristics of the ship: total displacement - 935 tons; length – 58 m, width – 10 m, draft – 3.3 m; speed - 14 knots; crew - 63 people.
The ship was built at the Vickers-Armstrongs shipyard and launched in 1928. The floating base was intended to supply 18 submarines of the O, P and R types. Among the supplies on board were three disassembled 102-mm guns, 144 torpedoes of 533 mm caliber and 1.9 thousand tons. fuel. The floating base was lost in 1942. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 14.7 thousand tons, full displacement - 18.4 thousand tons; length – 176.8 m, width – 26 m, draft – 7.1 m; power plant – 2 diesel engines; power – 8 thousand hp; speed - 15.5 knots; fuel reserve – 610 tons of diesel fuel; crew – 400 people. Reservation: upper deck – up to 37 mm. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm guns.
The ships Forth and Maidstone were built at the John Brown & Company shipyard and commissioned in 1938-1939. The floating base had various workshops, installations for charging submarine batteries, about 100 torpedoes and mines. The ships were scrapped in 1977-1978. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 8.9 thousand tons; length – 151 m, width – 22 m, speed – 17 knots; fuel reserve – 610 tons of diesel fuel; crew - 1167 people. Armament: 4x2 – 110 mm guns; 2x4-40 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The civilian ship Spreewald, built in 1907, was converted at the Richardson Westgarth shipyard into a mother ship and commissioned in 1916 under the name Lucia. In 1942, the ship was damaged and remounted. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 5.8 thousand tons; length – 110 m, width – 14 m, speed – 13 knots; crew - 262 people. Armament: 3x1 – 47 mm guns.
The civilian vessel was refitted at the Clyde Shipbuilding Co. shipyard. to a floating base and commissioned in 1916. In 1949, the ship was scrapped. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 5.3 thousand tons; length – 102 m, width – 14 m, draft – 5.5 m, engine power – 3.2 thousand hp; speed - 14.5 knots; crew - 245 people. Armament: 2x1 – 533 mm torpedo tubes.
The civilian ship Indrabarah, built in 1905, was converted at the Sir James Laing & Son shipyard into a mother ship and commissioned in 1907. In 1947, the ship was scrapped. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 11.3 thousand tons; length - 145 m, width - 16.7 m, draft -3.6 m, speed - 13 knots; power plant - steam engine; power – 3.5 thousand hp; fuel reserve – 1.6 thousand tons of coal; crew - 266 people. Armament: 2x1 – 102 mm guns; 2x2 - 37 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The civilian ship was converted at the William Dobson & Co shipyard into a floating base and commissioned in 1916. In 1947, the ship was scrapped. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 8.1 thousand tons; length – 118 m, width – 18.5 m, draft – 8 m; speed – 11 knots; power plant - steam engine; power – 4.4 thousand hp; crew - 224 people. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm and 1x3 – 76 mm guns 
The merchant ship was refitted at the Harland & Wolff Ltd. shipyard. to a floating base and commissioned in 1941. In 1946, the ship was scrapped. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 11.5 thousand tons; speed - 10.5 knots. Armament: 4x1 - 102 mm and 1x3 - 76 mm guns.
The ship was built at the Harland & Wolf Ltd shipyard and commissioned in 1942. It had internal anti-torpedo protection 32 mm thick, and a supply of diesel fuel for submarines was 12 thousand tons. and 117 - 533 mm torpedoes. The floating base was decommissioned in 1970. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 12.7 thousand tons, full displacement - 16.5 thousand tons; length – 200.6 m, width – 21.5 m, draft – 6.5 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 4 steam boilers; power – 8 thousand hp; speed - 17 knots; fuel reserve – 1.3 thousand tons of oil; crew - 1273 people. Reservation: middle deck – 51 mm. Armament: 4x2 – 114 mm guns; 2x4-40mm and 6x1-20mm anti-aircraft guns; 2x4 – 12.7 mm machine gun.
The passenger liner was built at the John Brown & Co Ltd shipyard and commissioned in 1922. The ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1939, rebuilt as a submarine depot and put into operation in 1942. The ship was decommissioned in 1958. Performance characteristics ship: standard displacement - 16.3 thousand tons, full displacement - 21.5 thousand tons; length – 170 m, width – 21 m, draft – 8.5 m; power plant – steam turbine unit and 6 steam boilers; power – 13.5 thousand hp; speed – 16 knots; crew - 542 people. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm anti-aircraft guns; 4x2 - 40 mm and 19x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The passenger liner was built at the John Brown Shipbuilding & Engineering Company shipyard and commissioned in 1920. The ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1939, rebuilt as a submarine depot and commissioned in 1940. The ship was decommissioned in 1952. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 16.4 thousand tons, full displacement - 21.2 thousand tons; length – 171.2 m, width – 21.3 m, draft – 8.5 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units; speed – 16 knots; crew - 480 people. Armament: 4x1 – 102 mm anti-aircraft guns; 4x2-40mm and 19x1-20mm anti-aircraft guns.
The cargo ship Clan Campbell was built by the Greenock & Grangemouth Dockyard Company. In 1939 she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and rebuilt as a mother ship, which was commissioned in 1943 and renamed Bonaventure. The ship was decommissioned in 1948. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 8.1 thousand tons, full displacement - 10.4 thousand tons; length – 148 m, width – 19 m, draft – 9.1 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 3 steam boilers; speed – 16 knots. Armament: 2x1 - 75 mm guns and 12x1 - 20 anti-aircraft guns.
The passenger liner was built in 1929 at the John Brown & Co. shipyard. Ltd." In 1939 it was requisitioned and served as a military transport. In 1942 it was converted into a floating base for boats. In 1944 it was disarmed and returned to the owner. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 4.2 thousand tons; length –112 m, width –15.2 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 4 steam boilers; power – 1.5 thousand hp; speed – 21 knots. Armament: 2x1 - 75 mm guns and 12x1 - 20 anti-aircraft guns.
The merchant ship was built in 1921. In 1939, it was purchased by the government and converted into an electromagnetic minesweeper. In 1941-1942. rebuilt into a floating base for minesweepers. Decommissioned in 1944. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 2 thousand tons; length – 82 m, width – 11.6 m.
The ship was built at the Vickers Armstrong shipyard and commissioned in 1929. The fuel supply for other ships is 430 tons of oil. The ship was decommissioned in 1954. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 12.3 thousand tons, full displacement - 15.6 thousand tons; length – 163 m, width – 25.4 m, draft – 6.8 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 4 steam boilers; power - 7.5 thousand hp; speed – 15.5 knots, fuel capacity – 1 thousand tons. oil; crew - 580 people. Armament: 4x1 - 102 mm guns, 4x1 - 40 mm and 10x1 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The passenger ship was built at the John Brown Shipbuilding & Engineering Company shipyard and commissioned in 1925. The ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1939 and rebuilt into the auxiliary merchant cruiser Artifex. In 1944, the ship was repurposed as a floating workshop. The ship was decommissioned in 1957. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 19 thousand tons; length – 163.6 m, width – 19.8 m, draft – 9.7 m; speed – 15 knots; crew - 590 people. Armament: 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The passenger ship Aurania was built at the Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd. shipyard. and was commissioned in 1924. The ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1939 and rebuilt into an auxiliary merchant cruiser under the name Artifex. In 1944, the cruiser was repurposed as a floating workshop. The ship was decommissioned in 1961. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 14 thousand tons; length – 160 m, width – 20 m; speed – 15 knots. Armament: 4x2 - 152 mm guns and 2x1 - 76 mm guns.
The passenger ship Antonia was built at the Vickers Ltd. shipyard. and was commissioned in 1921. The ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty in 1940 and rebuilt into an auxiliary merchant cruiser under the name "Wayland". In 1944, the cruiser was repurposed as a floating workshop. The ship was decommissioned in 1948. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 13.8 thousand tons; length – 158 m, width – 19.8 m; speed – 15 knots; crew – 500 people. Armament: 4x2 - 152 mm guns and 4x2 - 40 mm and 2x4 - 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
The refrigerator was built at the Hawthorn Leslie & Co Ltd shipyard and commissioned in 1925. In 1939, the ship was requisitioned by the Admiralty and converted into an auxiliary cruiser. In 1943, the ship was rebuilt into a floating workshop. The ship was decommissioned in 1961. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 16.7 thousand tons; length – 166.6 m, width – 21.7 m, draft – 13 m; power plant – 2 steam turbine units and 4 steam boilers; power – 2.4 thousand hp; speed - 17 knots; crew – 500 people. Armament: 4x2 - 152 mm guns and 2x1 - 76 anti-aircraft guns.
The cargo ship Regina was built at the Harland & Wolff shipyard and commissioned in 1918. In 1922, the ship was rebuilt as a passenger ship, and in 1929 it was renamed Westernland. Since 1940, the ship served as a military transport, a floating workshop, and a floating base for destroyers. The ship was decommissioned in 1945. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 16.5 thousand tons; length – 174.5 m, width – 20.4 m, draft – 12 m.
The ship was built at the Thompson shipyard. In 1939 it was requisitioned and from 1940 it served as an auxiliary minelayer. In 1944-1945 converted into a floating workshop for repairing deck aircraft. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 5.8 thousand tons, full displacement - 8.8 thousand tons; length –142.6 m, width –21.2 m.
The cargo ship served as a patrol ship since 1941, and since 1944 it was rebuilt into a floating workshop to service minesweepers. It had 2 cranes for installing paravanes on ships. Performance characteristics of the ship: standard displacement - 9 thousand tons, speed - 12 knots. Armament – 1x1 – 114 gun and 2x1 – 20-mm anti-aircraft gun; 2x1 - 7.62 mm machine gun.
Everyone knows that England is the main state and it would be naive to believe that the British will not become the leaders of all seas and oceans. From the 14th to the 18th centuries, reforms were carried out that clearly divided all job responsibilities of officials, contractors, and builders. Many shipyards were built and ships were divided into ranks. In addition, the British were the first to introduce a permanent fleet. In which there was always a certain number of ships, which, according to the schedule, went for repairs or were taken out of service.
Shipbuilding
The construction process itself began not only with a drawing, but also with the construction of a small model on a scale of 1:100. All the necessary papers and drawings were “scattered” throughout the workshops, where workers created the necessary parts according to all parameters, then sent them to assemblers, who assembled the ship into a whole structure. At the beginning of the 17th century, the British used wooden dowels, a material that was not entirely suitable for regular contact with water, but by the end of the century nails came into use and this problem was eliminated. After the “bowl” of the vessel itself was ready, the solid hull was launched into the water, where the process of installing all the necessary components was already underway. Masts, spars, rigging and so on were installed on the water. It is worth noting that in addition to the usual finishing work of the ship, such as laying decks and painting, the British had the installation of sculptures. After all such work, the ship was ready for sailing, but not for combat. Therefore, after all the work described, weapons were installed on board and supplies were brought in. This entire process took about two years.
Hull plating
England faced the same problems as the rest of the world's maritime powers. Since all the ships were made of wood, which is subject to rapid rotting in a water environment, it was decided to lubricate it with a mixture of resin, linseed oil and turpentine before creating the copper lining of the bottom. In addition, England had a second method of processing wood, namely, lubricating the underwater part with fish oil, sulfur and turpentine. The marine craftsmen did not stop there either, and in the third type of processing they heated the resin and tar, and then added sulfur.
Of course, the lower part of the ship was most subject to destruction, but with high humidity, the surface part of the ship also suffered and it was decided to paint it with turpentine, oil, tar and ocher. The last two elements served as dyes for the entire mixture. At the end of the 17th century, progress did not stand still and gave England copper cladding. For the first time, copper was attached to the frigate Alarm. At the same time, it was noticed that copper not only had protective properties, but also smoothed the corners of the ship and accelerated it to greater speed. Copper sheets were fastened with ordinary nails, but copper and iron carried out a chemical reaction, where the iron quickly rusted and all fasteners fell out, and the sheets were simply lost during the voyage. In 1768, brass entered the fleet and already in this year the problem was solved, nails made of this material consisted of 59% copper and 40% zinc, the remaining one percent were impurities of tin and lead and, as a rule, about one and a half were spent on a standard ship tons of similar nails. In addition to the bottom, the underwater part of the steering wheel was also sheathed with copper.
It should be noted that due to such innovations, the cost of all sailboats has increased, but due to the increased speed and extended life, this technology has remained despite its “impressive price tag.” After this, the ships only developed and developed, but a similar example of development gave guidance to many fleets of the world.
English merchant ship (1395)
By its affiliation it is a cogg. Its appearance was restored using the seal of Ed. Rutland in 1395. There were castles at both ends of the vessel. To cover the platforms, a bulwark made of combat shields was used. For caretakers and shooters, a platform was provided, in the form of a barrel attached to the mast. The rudder was mounted, the sail was rectangular, decorated with a coat of arms. The mast was made of beams fastened with ropes. The ship had good seaworthiness. The bowsprit is relatively small and was used to push bowlines. The latter were used to pull back the sail luff.
Large frames had a 0.5 meter spacing. The plating was made of oak using the cut-and-seal method, maintaining a thickness of 5 cm. The deck rested on beams, with the ends extended outside the hull. Similar ships were also used by Hansa traders.
Ship of Richard III (1400)
Construction of this type of ships began in the early 1400s. This is what is depicted on the royal seal.
It is very similar to Scandinavian augers, but it is not without some differences. The stems are beveled, strongly curved and high. The combat platforms, where the king's personal guard was located, neatly merged into the deck itself, which added even more sophistication to the ship.
The ship had only one mast and a rectangular sail with a coat of arms. On the sternpost there was a rudder held by steering pins.
English warship Henry Grace e'Dew (1514)
The ship appeared in 1514, when Henry VIII ordered the creation of the largest "member" of his squadron. The name literally translates as – King Henry by the grace of God. In the shortened version one could hear Harry, Great Harry. The ship was distinguished by its aristocratic decoration, which was also facilitated by an error made using the cut-and-seal method. Dowels were used to fasten the boards, and the cutting joints were held in place with pure copper rivets. The length reached 50 meters, with a width of 12.5 meters, and the displacement was at the level of 1500 tons. The ship was supplied with a huge amount of weapons - 184, including 43 large-caliber guns. At the front were a pair of masts holding a trio of rectangular sails. The rest were equipped with canted versions, with the exception of the bowsprit, where the bomb blind and blind were located. The number of crew on the ship was 351, including 50 members of the command staff. They were also joined by 349 warriors. Later, in 1535-1536, some changes took place, as a result of which the number of guns was reduced to 122. This allowed the ship to fall into the karak class. There was a lot in store for this ship, but a candle accidentally falling on dry wood started a fire in 1553, as a result of which it was incinerated.
English ship "Mary Rose" (1536)
This ship was representative of the largest and most military-trained among the entire armada of Henry VIII. Caracca was published in 1536. It had 4 masts and a displacement of 700 tons, which was significantly higher than that of that time. The "" decks were made in a solid version, again a distinctive feature, and were armed with 39 large guns and 53 small-caliber ones. All this made it possible to feel confident during combat in the open sea. But fate decreed that the ship sank on July 11 (21), 1545. While leaving the port to confront the French fleet, when they began to raise the topsails, the ship suddenly began to list on the starboard side. After just 2 minutes it was at the bottom. The main reason is said to be excessive load on tools. The disaster killed 660 people out of a total crew of 700 members.
Only in the 20th century was the ship raised from the bottom and restored. Now its elements are in the museum.
English galleon "Golden Hind" (1560)
This ship appeared in 1560 in England. Its first name sounded like Pelican, but then it received a more modern one - Golden Hind. It was on this ship that Francis Drake sailed around the world and made a pirate foray into the West Indies. Thanks to the ship, he managed to avoid a direct collision with the Spaniards, after which the name Golden Hind appeared. Also in the front part there was a figurine of this proud animal, cast from 100% gold.
The length of the ship reached 18.3 meters, with a width of 5.8 meters. It could transport up to 150 tons, and the draft level was at around 2.45 meters. As can be seen from the size, among all galion-type vessels, this one deserves the title of the smallest. But there were also large representatives, capable of boasting an impressive 50 meters in length and a displacement of about 1 thousand tons. There were 2 gun platforms on the deck, capable of holding up to 80 guns.
English bark "Mayflower" (1615)
The length of this ship reached 18.5 meters and was equipped with 3 masts. Displacement is about 180 tons. The first ship was born in 1615, and it set off on its first voyage on September 6 (16). Set off from the port of Plymouth, taking 102 people with him on the journey. The voyage lasted 67 days, after which the port of Provincetown, Massachusetts, where the main British colony was located, was reached.
Now it is not possible to examine the detailed drawings, since none of them have survived to the present day. By collecting all the bits of information, it was possible to establish the approximate size and parts of the structure. But this also allowed the Society of Migrants to reconstruct the ship and even make it sail, again, to the port of Provincetown, where it remained for an endless stop. Construction took 10 years, from 1947 to 1957, and the trip itself lasted 53 days.
English warship "Sovereign of the Sea" (1673)
The displacement of this ship was 1530 tons. It is the first representative to have 3 battery decks at once. Appeared in 1637, thanks to English shipbuilders. To create one copy of the vessel, it was necessary to use 4,000 dried pine trunks. The name literally translates as Lord of the Seas and this is completely justified, since in terms of combat power at that time it had no equal. The deck accommodated 104 cannons on its surface. It reached 71 meters in length, of which 52.7 was occupied by the battery deck. The width was 14.2 meters, and the hold height was 5.9. The draft was at 6.75 meters. During its existence, it underwent several structural changes, mostly minor, and the appearance was also redesigned. This affected the superstructures in the front part, the size of the forecastle and half-deck was reduced. The rigging was completely redesigned, the bonaventure mast disappeared, making the ship three-masted. The ship stood out for its aristocratic appearance.
English bark Endeavor (1762)
The Earl of Pembroke appeared in England in 1762 and was used to transport charcoal. When Cook decided to go on an expedition, he needed to re-equip the ship. As a result, it received the more familiar name Endeavor. It was similar to a classic barque from the 1700s. Rectangular sails were mounted on the foremast and mainmast, additionally equipped with topmasts. Kruysel was on the mizzen-mast and adjacent to the counter-mizzen. In the case of a bowsprit, a blind and a bomb blind, a staysail, and a jib could be used. The total area of the canvas reached 700 sq.m., which made it possible to reach a maximum speed of 8 knots. The length of the ship was 36 meters, with a width of 9.2. 370 tons of cargo could fit on board. From the outside, Endeavor did not have anything remarkable, but in terms of strength characteristics and seaworthiness it was at a high level. For defense, 10 guns were used, as well as 12 long-range mortars. On this ship the first voyage around the world was made under the command of Cook.
Long before Emperor Peter “cut a window” to the Baltic and laid the foundations of the Russian navy, “mistress of the seas” England had already ruled the waves across the globe for centuries. The prerequisites for this were both the special, island location of Great Britain and the geopolitical necessity in the fight against powerful European powers - Spain, France, Portugal.
Start
The first serious ships of Britain can be considered the triremes and diremes of the Roman Empire, which approached the issue of shipbuilding as seriously as everything else - its sailing and rowing ships were the pinnacle of technology of that time. After the departure of the Romans and the formation of many different kingdoms on the territory of the British Isles, the British ships significantly lost in all components - tonnage, technology and quantity.
The impetus for the emergence of more advanced ships was the raids of the Scandinavians - ferocious Vikings on fast and maneuverable longships carried out devastating raids on coastal churches and cities. The construction of a large patrol fleet allowed the British to significantly reduce losses from the invasions.
The next stage in the formation of the British navy was the invasion of William the Conqueror and the formation of a unitary state, England. From this time on it is worth talking about the appearance of the English fleet.
English Royal Navy
The official history of the Royal Navy of England should begin with Henry VII, who increased the British fleet from 5 to 30 ships. Until the end of the 16th century, the British did not find any special laurels at sea, but after the victory over the Spanish “Invincible Armada” and a series of other victories, the situation with the naval lead from the European flagships (Spain and France) began to level out.
Corsairs and pirates - two sides of the same coin
In the history of the British Navy, a special and controversial line is worth noting the activities of the famous English corsairs, the most famous of whom were Henry Morgan. Despite his openly predatory “main activity,” the first of them was knighted and defeated the Spaniards, and the second added another diamond to the English crown - the Caribbean archipelago.
British Navy
The official history of the British Navy (there are discrepancies related to the presence of the fleets of England and Scotland before 1707, when they were unified) begins in the mid-17th century. From that time on, the British began to win fewer and fewer defeats in naval battles, gradually gaining fame as the strongest naval power. The peak of English supremacy on the waves occurred during the Napoleonic Wars. They also became a moment of glory for sailing ships, which by that moment had reached their technological ceiling.
The end of the Napoleonic Wars elevated the British Royal Navy to the pedestal of the strongest fleet in the world. In the 19th century, the British were the first to replace wood and sails with iron and steam. Despite the fact that the British Navy was practically not involved in major battles, it was considered very prestigious, and attention to maintaining the strength and combat readiness of the naval forces was a high priority. The seriousness of the British attitude to their advantage in the world's oceans is evidenced by the fact that the unspoken doctrine prescribed maintaining the following balance of forces: the British Navy had to be stronger than any two navies combined.
World War I: Grand Fleet vs. High Seas Fleet
The British Navy in the First World War did not prove itself as bright as one might have expected before it began: the Grand Fleet, whose main task was the defeat of the German High Seas Fleet, did not cope with its task - its losses were significantly greater than those of the Germans. Despite this, Great Britain's shipbuilding capacity was so great that it retained its advantage, forcing Germany to abandon the tactics of large battles and switch to raider tactics using mobile submarine formations.
The creation of two, without exaggeration, epoch-making warships, which became the founders of entire trends in shipbuilding, dates back to this same time. The first was HMS Dreadnought - a new type of battleship with powerful weapons and a steam turbine unit, allowing it to develop a fantastic speed of 21 knots at that time. The second was HMS Ark Royal, an aircraft carrier that served in the British Navy until 1944.
Despite all the losses of the First World War, by the end of it, Great Britain had a huge fleet on its balance sheet, which hung like a heavy burden on a leaky budget. Therefore, the Washington Agreement of 1922, which limited the number of sailing personnel in each class of ships, became a real salvation for the islanders.
World War II: working on mistakes
At the beginning of World War II, the Royal Navy of Great Britain had twenty-two large-tonnage and aircraft carriers), 66 cruising-class ships, almost two hundred destroyers and sixty submarines, not counting those under construction. These forces exceeded those available to Germany and its allies several times, which allowed the British to hope for a favorable outcome of naval battles.
The Germans, well aware of the superiority of the British, did not get involved in direct clashes with the powerful Allied squadrons, but took up guerrilla warfare. A special role in this was played by submarines, of which the Third Reich riveted almost a thousand!
Karl Doenitz, the “underwater Guderian,” developed the “wolf pack” tactics, which involved attacking convoys and “bite and bounce” attacks. And at first, the flying squads of German submarines brought the British into a state of shock - the debut of military operations in the North Atlantic was marked by a staggering number of losses in both the merchant and navy of Great Britain.
An additional favorable factor for Germany was the fact that the British Navy bases in 1941 had significantly lost in number and quality - the defeat of France and the capture of Belgium and Holland dealt a sensitive blow to the plans of the islanders. Well, Germany got the opportunity to effectively use small submarines with a short autonomous navigation time.
The situation was turned around by deciphering the codes of German submariners, creating a new convoy system, building a sufficient number of specialized convoy ships, as well as air support. Britain's further successes at sea were associated both with the enormous shipbuilding capacity (the British built ships faster than the Germans sank them) and with the successes of the Allies on land. Italy's withdrawal from the war deprived Germany of its Mediterranean military bases, and the Battle of the Atlantic was won.
Falklands: conflict of interest
In the post-war period, British Navy ships seriously became involved with Argentina. Despite the unofficial nature of the conflict, the islanders' losses amounted to several hundred people, several ships and a dozen fighters. Of course, Britain, which had an order of magnitude superior naval power, easily achieved the restoration of control over the Falklands.
Cold War
The main arms race took place not with old adversaries - Japan or Germany, but with a recent bloc ally - the Soviet Union. The Cold War could turn hot at any moment, and therefore the British Navy remained on high alert. The placement of naval bases, the development and commissioning of new ships, including submarines with nuclear weapons - all this was accomplished by the British already at the rank of number two. The main confrontation unfolded between two titans - the Soviet Union and the United States.
British Navy today
Today it is considered the largest in the Old World and is included (on a rotational basis) in the NATO Navy formations. Aircraft carriers and missile cruisers with the ability to carry nuclear warheads are the main striking force of the Navy at present: 64 ships, of which 12 are submarines, 2 aircraft carriers, 6 destroyers, 13 frigate-class ships, three landing ships, 16 minesweepers, and twenty patrol boats and patrol boats. Another auxiliary ship, Fort George, is considered military rather conditionally.
The flagship is the aircraft carrier "Bulwark" - a multifunctional ship that performs not only the tasks of basing carrier-based aircraft, but also landing functions (transporting up to 250 marines and landing equipment). "Bulwark" was built in 2001 and put into operation in 2005.
The main surface force is the Norfolk series frigates, named after the English dukes, and the underwater force is the Vanguard series SSBNs, equipped with nuclear missiles. The fleet is based in Plymouth, Clyde and Portsmouth, with the Plymouth base of Devonport serving in this role since 1588! At that time, ships were hiding in it, waiting for that same Spanish “Invincible Armada”. It is also the only one where ships with nuclear engines are repaired.
The disposal of British Navy ships of the SSBN class (nuclear submarines) is not carried out - the islanders do not have such a technological capability. Therefore, submarines that have spent their operational life are simply preserved until better times.
The passage of a Russian missile cruiser near British territorial waters in 2013 shocked not only ordinary people, but also the country's navy. Russian Navy off the coast of Great Britain! Despite the status of a naval power, the British had difficulty finding a ship comparable in class and capable of moving towards the Russian cruiser.
The British took the lead in creating two naval battles that changed the face of the sea for many years: the dreadnought - a powerful and fast warship, superior to its rivals in both maneuverability and salvo power, as well as the aircraft carrier - a ship that today is the main force of all navies large countries.
Finally
What has changed in the English fleet from the time of Roman rule to the present day? The British Navy has made its way from the fragile ships of the Saxon jarls to the reliable frigates and powerful "manovars" of the times of Drake and Morgan. And then, already at the peak of power, he was the first at sea in everything. Two world wars shook the dominance of the Pax Britannica, and after it, its navy.
Today, the British Navy is in 6th place in terms of tonnage, behind India, Japan, China, Russia and the USA, and the “islanders” are losing to the Americans by almost 10 times! Who would have thought that a former colony, a couple of centuries later, would look condescendingly at the former metropolis?
Yet the British navy is more than just guns, aircraft carriers, missiles and submarines. This is history. A story of great victories and crushing defeats, heroic deeds and human tragedies... "Hail, Britain, mistress of the seas!"
By the beginning of the 1980s. Great Britain has not been the greatest maritime power for a long time, however, the country had a very significant navy, which included the navy itself, naval aviation and marines. The Navy included submarine and surface forces. The first consisted of four squadrons: one of nuclear missile carriers, two of nuclear multi-purpose submarines and one of diesel submarines. The second consisted of two flotillas of escort ships (each consisting of three squadrons of frigates and one of destroyers), and the third flotilla included two light aircraft carriers, landing helicopter dock ships and one destroyer. A disclaimer must be made here: the British classification of ships at that time looked very peculiar. For example, representatives of the "County" class and type 82 were officially classified as light cruisers, while representatives of the 22 class were classified either as frigates or destroyers.
According to experts, Royal Navy clearly lacked landing ships, which did not allow the transfer of a large group of ground forces more than 7,000 miles from the British Isles. However, this problem was solved by attracting mobilized and requisitioned merchant fleet vessels.
The small number of the strike component of naval aviation - the Sea Harrier FRS.1 VTOL aircraft - was partly compensated by the fact that the Air Force Harrier GR.3 aircraft were used from the deck of the aircraft carrier. In addition, strategic bombers from the Air Force were used to strike the islands occupied by the Argentines. Basic patrol aircraft also operated in the interests of the fleet.
Based on the results of the conflict, it was noted that the personnel of the British armed forces demonstrated a fairly high level of combat training. The superiority of British professional military personnel over Argentine conscripts, and the generally higher level of training of both officers and privates, also had an impact.
The operation to restore British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia was called Operation Corporate. General leadership was assumed by Prime Minister M. Thatcher, operational leadership was entrusted to the First Sea Lord, Admiral D. Fieldhouse. Two operational formations were formed: TF.317 (main forces) and TF.324 (submarine forces).
The commander of task force TF.317 was Rear Admiral D. Woodward, who had previously headed the 1st Flotilla of surface ships. It is worth noting that, according to him, many very competent people and serious organizations doubted the success of the operation from the very beginning. Among them were:
Experts and senior officers of the US Navy who believed that the return of the Falklands by military means was impossible;
The British Ministry of Defense, which regarded the whole undertaking as too risky;
Part of the army command, which considered the actions reckless due to the unfavorable numerical balance of forces on land;
The Royal Air Force, which considered its capabilities limited due to the great remoteness of the area and feared that this left the fleet no chance of resisting enemy aircraft;
Secretary of Defense J. Nott. The fact is that the success of the operation could refute all his arguments in favor of reducing the Navy, set out in the Defense Review in 1981.
Despite any difficulties, already on April 5, the first echelon of TE317 left Portsmouth. By April 25, the advanced forces approached South Georgia, and by April 29, the main forces were already at the Falkland Islands. The second echelon departed Portsmouth on 9 May and arrived in the combat zone by 26 May. In addition, some warships arrived independently, while auxiliary and transport ships arrived as part of small convoys.
After the end of hostilities, additional ships and transport vessels were sent to the South Atlantic.
The names of British ships contain the abbreviation “HMS”, which means “Her Majesty Ship”. It should be borne in mind that, according to a long-established tradition, the British also designate their ships and vessels according to their departmental affiliation.
Several common abbreviations in English literature:
RN (Royal Navy) - Royal Navy,
RFA (Royal Fleet Auxiliary) - Royal Naval Auxiliary Service,
RMS (Royal Mail Service) - Royal Postal Service,
RMAS (Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service) - Royal Auxiliary Fleet,
FAA (Fleet Air Army) - Fleet BSC,
RAF (Royal Air Fleet) - Royal BBC,
TEZ (Total Exclusion Zone) - a no-ship zone (a 200-mile zone around the islands, declared a combat area).
Centaur-class aircraft carrier
Displacement: full - 28,700 tons, standard - 23,900 tons. Dimensions: 226.9 x 27.4 (48.8) x 8.7 m.
Power plant: steam turbine; two Parsons turbines of 38,000 hp each, four Admiralty boilers. Two propellers. Speed: 28 knots
Cruising range: 6000 miles at 20 knots.
Crew: 1071 people + 350 air group (as of 1983).
Armament: Sea Cat air defense system 2x4 RPU GWS 22.
Aviation (at the time of entry into the conflict area): 18 helicopters
"Sea King", 12 VTOL "Sea Harrier".
Radar 965 - detection of air targets with a single antenna system of the AKE-1 type;
Radar 993 - detection and identification of surface targets; RYAS 1006 - navigation; Podkilnaya GAS 184.
"Hermes" (R-12)
Laid down: 21/6/1944, Vickers-Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness Launched: 16/2/1953 Entered service: 18/11/1959
During its service, it underwent a number of re-equipment and modernizations. The VTOL aircraft became a carrier after May 1981.
In the conflict zone since April 25, 1982 (captain L.E. Middleton).
The flagship of the British task force.
At the time of the outbreak of hostilities, he was carrying aircraft from the 800th squadron and nine helicopters each from the 826th and 846th squadrons. On May 17 - 20, it received four more Sea Harriers from the 809th Squadron to replenish the 800th, as well as six Harrier GR.3s from the 1st Fighter Squadron of the Air Force. Additional helicopters arrived on the ship from transports as needed.
According to official British data, during the conflict the pilots of the Hermes air group destroyed 18 enemy aircraft (16 airplanes and 2 helicopters), they “shared” two more (the helicopter with the pilots of the 801st squadron, and the plane with the anti-aircraft gunners of the Ardent FR "). The pilots also included the damaged trawler (reconnaissance ship) Narwal, the fleet transport Bahía Buen Suceso, the transport ship Rio Carcarana and the patrol boat Rio Iguaza. All of these units were later destroyed by other forces.
Own losses amounted to two Sea Harrier aircraft, of which one was killed in an accident and one was shot down by Argentine anti-aircraft gunners. Four Harrier GR.3s were also lost, of which one was killed due to a technical malfunction, and the rest were shot down by enemy air defenses. The 826th squadron lost two helicopters as a result of accidents, the 846th also lost two, also as a result of accidents. Another Sea King from this squadron was destroyed by its crew after an emergency landing in Chile while performing a special mission.
The aircraft carrier was put into reserve on April 12, 1984, and expelled from the fleet on July 1, 1985. Sold to India 19.4.1986, renamed "Viraat". Currently in service, awaiting replacement.
Invincible-class light aircraft carriers
Displacement: full - 19,810 tons, standard - 16,000 tons. Dimensions: 206.6 x 31.9 x 7.9 m.
Power plant: gas turbine, four Rolls-Royce Olympus TMZV turbines of 28,000 hp each. Two propellers. Speed: 28 knots
Cruising range: 5000 miles at 18 knots. Crew: 1000 people (data in reference books and on Internet sites vary greatly. As of 1982, the following configuration can be considered the most reliable: 725 ship crew members and 365 people in the air group). Armament: Sea Cat air defense system 1x2 RPU GWS 30, ammunition 22 missiles. Aviation (at the time of entry into the conflict zone): 11 “Sea King”, 8 “Sea Harrier”.
Electronic equipment:
Radar 1022 - detection of air targets;
Radar 992R - detection and identification of surface targets;
two radars 1006 - navigation;
two radars 909 - control of the Sea Cat air defense system;
Podkilnaya GAS 2016.
"Invincible" (R-05)
Laid down: 20.7.1973, Vickers Shipbuilding Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness Launched: 8.5.1977 Entered service: 11.7.1980
In the conflict zone since April 25, 1982 (captain J.J. Black).
At the time of the outbreak of hostilities, he was carrying aircraft from the 801st squadron and helicopters from the 820th squadron. On May 17 - 20, I received four more vehicles from the 809th squadron for the 801st. Additional helicopters arrived on the ship from transports as needed.
According to official British data, during the conflict the pilots of the Invincible air group destroyed eight and a half enemy aircraft (eight aircraft + a helicopter shared with the pilots of the 800th squadron). Own losses amounted to four Sea Harrier VTOL aircraft, of which three died as a result of accidents and one was shot down by Argentine anti-aircraft gunners.
Subsequently, he participated in various military and “police” operations: in the Adriatic Sea (bombing Bosnian Serb positions in 1995), in the Persian Gulf in 1998. In 1999, he took part in hostilities against Yugoslavia. Transferred to reserve on August 3, 2005.
"Illustrious" (R-06)
Laid down: 7.10.1976, Swan Hunter, River Tyne Launched: 1.12.1981 Entered service: 20.6.1982
After the outbreak of the conflict with Argentina, work on the ship was carried out with maximum intensity, and its entry into service took place much earlier than planned. The completed ship immediately set sail for the South Atlantic, arriving in the Falkland Islands area in August. Replaced the “Invincible” that departed for the metropolis. After returning to her homeland in 1983, some work was completed on Illustrious and on March 20 she was formally commissioned into the Navy.
As of 2006, the ship was in service.
Churchill and Valiant class nuclear submarines
Displacement: submerged - 4900 tons, standard - 4400 tons.
Dimensions: 86.9 x: 10.1 x 8.2 m.
EC: nuclear; Rolls-Royce water-cooled reactor type PWR1; two English Electric steam turbines of 7500 hp each. One propeller. Auxiliary power plant: diesel-electric. One Paxton diesel generator, one motor, 112-cell battery. Speed: 28 knots submerged, 20 knots. - on the surface. Immersion depth: 230 m (maximum - 300 m). Crew: 103 people.
Armament: 6 - 533 mm TA for Mk 8 or Mk 24 torpedoes and Sub Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Ammunition - 26 torpedoes or anti-ship missiles. Instead of torpedoes they can take mines. Radio-electronic equipment: radar 1006 - navigation; GAS 2001, 2007, 197, 183.
"Conqueror" (S-48)
Laid down: 5/1/1967, Cammell Laird, Birkenhead Launched: 18/8/1969 Entered service: 9/11/1971
In the conflict zone since April 16, 1982 (Commander S.K. Wreford-Brown).
On April 30, southeast of the Falkland Islands, a submarine outside the so-called “200-mile zone” noticed the Argentine cruiser General Belgrano. The commander of the Task Force, Rear Admiral J. S. Woodward, ordered the sinking of the enemy ship. The message was intercepted at Northwood, the Royal Navy's command center. The British government, after debate, confirmed this order.
On May 2, Conqueror fired three Mk 8 torpedoes at the cruiser, two of which hit the target. Soon, the General Belgrano began to sink rapidly and was abandoned by its crew, with 323 people killed.
After the sinking of the enemy ship, the submarine did not participate in active hostilities, monitoring Argentinean aircraft taking off from the mainland.
The submarine was transferred to reserve on August 2, 1990. Awaiting cutting for metal.
"Courageous" (S-50)
Laid down: 15.5.1968 Vickers Shipbuildings Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness Launched: 7.3.1970 Entered service: 16.10.1971
In the conflict zone since May 30, 1982 (Commander R.T.N. Best). The submarine was transferred to reserve on 04/10/1992. Currently a museum ship in Devonport.
"Valiant" (S-102)
Laid down: 22.1.1962, Vickers Shipbuildings Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness Launched: 3.12.1963 Entered service: 18.7.1966
In the conflict zone since May 16, 1982 (commander T.M. Le Marchand). The submarine was transferred to reserve on August 12, 1994. Awaiting cutting for metal.
Swiftsure-class nuclear submarines
Displacement: submerged - 4500 tons, standard surfaced - 4200 tons. Dimensions: 82.9 x 9.8 x 8.2 m.
EC: nuclear; Rolls-Royce water cooling reactor type PWR 1 mod P2; two General Electric steam turbines of 7500 hp each. One propeller.
Auxiliary power plant: one Paxman diesel, 4000 hp.
Emergency power plant: diesel-electric; diesel generator, one
HED, rechargeable battery of 112 cells.
Speed: 30 knots submerged, 18 kt. - on the surface.
Immersion depth: 300 m (maximum - 400 m).
Crew: 97 people.
Armament: 5 - 533 mm TA for Mk 8 or Mk 24 torpedoes and Sub Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Ammunition - 20 torpedoes or anti-ship missiles. Instead of torpedoes they can take mines. > Electronic equipment: radar 1006 - navigation; GAS 2001, 2007, 197, 183.
"Spartan" (S-105)
Laid down: 26/4/1976, Vickers Shipbuildings Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness Launched: 7/5/1978 Entered service: 22/9/1979
In the conflict zone since April 12, 1982 (Commander J.B. Taylor).
The first ship of the British fleet to arrive in the war zone. He discovered an Argentine transport ship engaged in laying mines in Port Stanley harbor, but did not receive an order to attack it. During the campaign he carried out reconnaissance and observation missions.
The submarine was transferred to reserve in January 2006.
"Splendid" (S-106)
Laid down: 23/11/1977, Vickers Shipbuildings Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness Launched: 5/10/1979 Entered service: 21/3/1981
In the conflict zone since 19.4.1982 (Commander R.C. Lane-Nott). During the campaign, she carried out reconnaissance and observation missions.
In the late 1990s, she became the first British submarine to be equipped with American-made Tomahawk missiles. During the war in Yugoslavia, she took part in the shelling of Belgrade. She also used rocket weapons during the second Gulf War. Transferred to reserve in 2003.
Oberon-class submarine
Displacement: submerged - 2410 tons, surfaced - 2030 tons, standard - 1610 tons. Dimensions: 90 x 8.1 x 5.5 m.
Power plant: diesel-electric; two Admiralty Standard Range 16WS AS21 diesel engines, 1840 hp each; two English Electric electric motors of 3000 hp each. Two groups of batteries with 240 cells each. Two propellers.
Speed: 17 knots submerged, 12 knots. - on the surface, 10 knots. - under the RDP. Dive depth: 200 m.
Cruising range: 9,000 miles on the surface. Crew: 69 people.
Armament: 8 - 533-mm TA (two stern ones were later dismantled), ammunition capacity: 24 Mk 8 or Mk 24 torpedoes. Can take mines instead of torpedoes. Radio-electronic equipment: radar 1006 - navigation; GAS 2001, 2007, 187.
Laid down: 11/16/1964, Cammell Laird, Birkenhead Launched: 8/18/1966 Commissioned: 11/20/1967
In the conflict zone since May 28, 1982 (Lieutenant Commander A. O. Johnson).
The only non-nuclear submarine Royal Navy participated in the conflict. Its small displacement compared to the nuclear submarine made it a convenient means of delivering special forces reconnaissance and sabotage groups in shallow waters, including off the coast of Argentina proper.
The submarine was transferred to reserve in 1991. Exhibited in Birkenhead as a monument ship. In 2006 a transfer to Barrow-in-Furness was proposed.
County-class destroyers
Displacement: full - 6200 tons, standard - 5440 tons. Dimensions: 158.7 x 16.5 x 6.3 m.
Power plant: combined steam-gas turbine according to the COSAG (Combination of Steam and Gas) scheme; two Babcock & Wilson steam turbines of 15,000 hp each, four G.6 gas turbines of 7,500 hp each. Two propeller shafts. Speed: 30 knots
Cruising range: 4000 miles at 28 knots. Crew: 471 people.
Armament: Exocet anti-ship missile system 4x1 MM38 anti-ship missile launcher; SAM "Seaslug" 2x1 PU Mk 2, ammunition 36 missiles; SAM "Sea Cat" 2x4 RPU GWS22, ammunition 32 missiles; 1x2 4.5745 AU Mk 6; 2x1 20mm gun "Oerlikon";
2x3 324-mm TA Mk 32, ammunition 12 Mk 46 torpedoes. Aviation: one Wessex helicopter. Electronic equipment:
Radar 278 - monitoring the air situation; Radar 993 - fire control;
Radar 1022 - search;
Radar 901 - control of the Seaslug air defense system;
Radar 904 - control of the Sea Cat air defense system;
Radar 1006 - navigation;
Podkilnaya GAS 184M.
"Antrim" (D-18)
Laid down: 20.1.1966, Fairfield, Gauvin Launched: 19.10.967 Entered service: 14.7.1970
In the conflict zone since April 17, 1982 (captain B.G. Young).
She was the flagship of TF.60 during Operation Paraquat (liberation of South Georgia, April 1982). His airborne Wessex helicopter (from 737 Squadron) took part in the successful attack on the Argentine submarine Santa Fe. On May 21, the EM was hit by an unexploded 1000-lb bomb (dropped by a Dagger aircraft from the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group).
In 1984, the ship was transferred to reserve. Sold to Chile 22.6.1984, renamed "Almirante Cochrane". Withdrawn from the fleet on September 22, 2006.
"Glamorgan" (D-19)
Laid down: 13.9.1962, Vickers Armstrong, Newcastle upon Tyne Launched: 9.7.1964 Entered service: 11.10.1966
In the conflict zone since April 25, 1982 (captain M.E. Barrow).
During the shelling of Argentine positions near Port Stanley on May 1, he was slightly damaged as a result of the close explosion of two 500-pound bombs dropped by a Dagger aircraft from the 6th Fighter Bomber Group.
While located approximately 18 miles from the coast in the Port Stanley area, on June 12 at 6.37 he was hit by an Exoset anti-ship missile fired from a ground-based installation. The rocket that penetrated the left side of the ship did not explode, but ricocheted into the hangar, destroying the Wessex helicopter and causing a strong fire. As a result, 13 people were killed and 17 were injured. By 10:00 the fire was extinguished. After returning to Portsmouth, the ship was under repair for a long time.
EM participated in the peacekeeping mission in Lebanon in 1984. Transferred to reserve in 1986. Sold to Chile in September 1986, renamed "Almirante Latorre". Withdrew from the fleet at the end of 1998. Sank in December 2005 while being towed for scrapping.
Type 82 destroyer
Displacement: full - 7100 tons, standard - 6100 tons. Dimensions: 154.5 x 16.8 x 5.2 m (draft according to GAS - 7 m). Power plant: combined steam-gas turbine according to the COSAG (Combination of Steam and Gas) scheme; two Admiralty Standard Range steam turbines of 15,000 hp each, two boilers, two Bristol-Siddeley Marine Olympus TM1A gas turbines of 15,000 hp each. Two propeller shafts. Speed: 29 knots
Cruising range: 5000 miles at 18 knots. Crew: 407 people.
Armament: Sea Darb 1x2 RPU air defense system, 30 missiles;
PLRK "Ikara" 1x1 PU, 40 PLUR GWS 40;
1x1 4.5755 AU Mk 8;
2x1 20mm gun "Oerlikon" Mk 7.
Aviation: landing pad for one Wasp helicopter. Electronic equipment:
Radar 965M - detection of air targets with a double antenna system of the AKE-2 type;
Radar 992 - detection and identification of surface targets; two radars 909 - control of the Sea Dart air defense system; Radar 1006 - navigation; GAS 162, 170, 182, 184, 185, 189.
"Bristol" (D-23)
Laid down: 11/15/1967, Swan Hunter Ltd., Wallsend Launched: 6/30/1969 Commissioned: 3/31/1973
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (captain A. Grose).
Bristol was developed as an escort destroyer for Project CVA-01 aircraft carriers. After the closure of the program for their construction, he remained the only representative of his type. The ship was included in the operational force due to the fact that it was armed with the Sea Dart air defense system.
The EM was withdrawn from active service in 1991. Since 1987, it has been used as a training ship for Sea Cadets and Sea Scouts.
Type 42 destroyers (Sheffield)
Displacement: full - 4100 tons, standard - 3500 tons. Dimensions: 125 x 14.3 x 5.8 m.
Power plant: combined gas turbine COGOG (Combined Gas and Gas), two afterburning gas turbines Rolls-Royce Olympus TMZV 28,000 hp each, two cruising gas turbines Rolls-Royce Tupe RM1A 4250 hp each. Two shafts. Speed: 29 knots
Cruising range: 4000 miles at 18 knots. Crew: 268 people.
Armament: Sea Dart air defense system 1x2 RPU, ammunition 24 GWS 30 missiles;
1x1 4.5755 AU Mk 8;
2x1 20mm gun “Oerlikon” GAM-B01;
2x3 324-mm TA Mk 32, ammunition 12 Mk 46 torpedoes (except Sheffield). Aviation: Lynx Mk 2 helicopter. Electronic equipment:
Radar 965R - detection of air targets with a double antenna system of the AKE-2 type;
Radar 992Q - detection and identification of surface targets;
Radar 1022 - search (on D-89);
two radars 909 - control of the Sea Dart air defense system;
Radar 1006 - navigation;
podkilnye GAS 184M, 162.
Although the Type 42 ships that participated in the war belonged to two different series, the differences between them are very minor.
1st series "Cardiff" (D-108)
Laid down: 6.11.1972, Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, Barrow-in-Furness
Launched: 2/22/1974 Entered into service: 9/24/1979
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (Captain M.G.T. Harris).
Due to failures in the exchange of information between the army and navy, on June 4, a Sea Dart missile defense system from a destroyer shot down a British army helicopter Gazelle from the 656th squadron, killing four people (two pilots and two passengers).
In 1991, EM participated in the Gulf War. Withdrawn from the fleet on July 14, 2005 in Portsmouth. Currently awaiting sale.
"Glasgow" (D-88)
Laid down: 16.5.1974, Swan Hunter Shipyard, Wallsend Launched: 14.4.1976 Entered service: 25.5.1977
In the conflict zone since April 20, 1982 (captain A.R. Hoddinott).
On the night of May 2, the Sea Squa anti-ship missiles, fired by helicopters from the Glasgow and Coventry ships, seriously damaged the Argentine corvette (patrol ship) Alférez Sobral.
On May 12, while on patrol duty together with the Brilliant FR, which ensured the destruction of aircraft at short distances with Sea Wolf missiles, at approximately 13.45 the ships were attacked by Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. During the first attack on Glasgow, the Sea Dart air defense system failed. Thanks to Brilliant's efforts, three planes were shot down. During the attack of the second wave, problems arose on the frigate - the Sea Wolf air defense system failed. As a result, the destroyer was hit by a 1,000-pound bomb, which pierced the ship from one side to the other, but never exploded. No one from the crew was injured. Due to the damage received, the Glasgow had to be sent to England for repairs; she became the first ship to return home.
The plane that hit the destroyer did not survive that day. While returning to the base in Rio Gallego, their group was fired upon by Argentine anti-aircraft artillery in the Goose Green area. The attack aircraft was shot down and its pilot was killed.
EM was transferred to reserve on 1/2/2005. Awaiting sale.
"Coventry" (D-118)
Laid down: 29/1/1973, Cammell Laird and Company, Birkenhead Launched: 21/6/1974 Entered service: 20/10/1978
In the conflict zone since April 20, 1982 (captain D. Hart-Dyke).
On May 2, Lynx from the destroyer took part in the attack on the corvette Alférez Sobral. On May 9, an Argentine Puma SA.330L helicopter from the 601st Army Aviation Battalion (CAB 601) was shot down by a Sea Dart missile. ■
On the morning of May 25 at 9.30, the Sea Dart air defense system shot down a Skyhawk from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. At 12.45 - another Skyhawk from the 4th Fighter-Bomber Group. At 15.20, Coventry was hit by three bombs dropped by Skyhawk aircraft from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group (the Broadsword was damaged during the same attack). An hour and a half later, the EM capsized and sank along with its helicopter. 18 people were killed and another 30 were injured. One of the wounded died a few months later.
"Sheffield" (D-80)
Laid down: 15.1.1970, Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, Barrow-in-Furness
Launched: 10.6.1971 Entered service: 16.2.1975
8 conflict zone from April 20, 1982 (captain S. Salt).
On May 4, at approximately 11.00, the Exocet AM39 anti-ship missile was hit, fired by one of two Super Etendards from the 2nd Fighter Attack Squadron. The planes took off from Rio Grande Air Force Base. The missile was fired from a distance of 6 (according to Argentine data) to 30 (according to British) miles. The destroyer's outdated radar (radar 965) detected it 5 seconds before the hit, which prevented any evasive maneuvers. The second missile was allegedly fired at the frigate Yarmouth, but did not hit the target.
Exocet struck amidships approximately 8 feet above the waterline. The official Department of Defense report states that the missile's warhead did not explode, although many crew members claim that there was an explosion.
After the missile hit, the unspent fuel ignited, resulting in a severe fire, the fight against which was complicated by the failure of electric generators and damage to water mains. After unsuccessful attempts to control the fire, the order was given to abandon ship. The crew was received by "Arrow" and "Yarmouth". 20 people were killed, another 24 were injured and burned.
On May 9, Yarmouth received orders to move the destroyed destroyer hull outside the TEZ. While being towed on May 10 in difficult weather conditions, the Sheffield sank in the area at coordinates 53°04" S, 56°56" W, becoming the first Royal Navy ship to perish in 40 years.
2nd series "Exeter" (D-89)
Laid down: 22/7/1976, Swan Hunter Shipyard, Wallsend Launched: 25/4/1978 Entered service: 19/9/1980
In the conflict zone since May 19, 1982 (captain N.M. Balfour).
Arrived from the Caribbean, replacing the lost Sheffield. During the combat operations of the Sea Dart air defense system, four Argentine aircraft were shot down: on May 30 - two Skyhawks from the 4th Fighter-Bomber Group; June 7 - Learjet used as a photo reconnaissance aircraft from the 1st transport group; June 13 - Canberra bomber from the 2nd Bomb Group (the last Argentine aircraft destroyed during the conflict).
The EM took part in the Gulf War in 1991. It is currently in service.
Type 22 frigates ("Broadsword")
Displacement: full - 4000 tons, standard - 3500 tons. Dimensions: 131.2 x 14.8 x 6 m.
Power plant: combined gas turbine COGOG (Combined Gas and Gas), two afterburning gas turbines Rolls-Royce Olympus TMZV 28,000 hp each, two propulsion gas turbines Rolls-Royce Thule
Cruising range: 4500 miles at 18 knots. Crew: 223 (250) people.
Armament: Exocet anti-ship missile system 4x1 MM38 GWS 50 anti-ship missile launcher; SAM "Sea Wolf" 2x6 launcher GWS 25, ammunition 32 missiles; 2x1 40mm/bO AU;
2x3 324-mm TA Mk 32, ammunition 12 Mk 46 torpedoes. Aviation: two Lynx Mk 2 helicopters. Electronic equipment:
Radars 967, 968 - detection of air and surface targets; two radars 910 - control of the Sea Wolf air defense system; Radar 1006 - navigation; Podkilnaya GAS 2006.
"Brilliant" (F-90)
Laid down: 25.3.1977, Yarrow Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 15.12.1978 Entered service: 15.5.1981
In the conflict zone since April 20, 1982 (captain J.F. Coward).
During the hostilities, the frigate's helicopters took part in a successful attack on the Argentine submarine Santa Fe. Brilliant was the first British ship to use the Sea Wolf air defense system in combat, shooting down three enemy aircraft on May 12 (two Skyhawk attack aircraft directly, the third fell into the water during an anti-missile maneuver). On May 21 and 23, near San Carlos, it was attacked by Dagger aircraft of the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group and was slightly damaged by airborne weapon fire.
On May 22, a helicopter from the frigate discovered the coaster Monsunen, which had been captured by the Argentines in April. After an attempt to board the ship by a special forces group ended in failure, the frigates Brilliant and Yarmouth forced it to beach. The next day Monsunen was towed to Darwin by the British.
On May 25, Brilliant participated in the rescue of the crew of the container ship (aircraft transport) Atlantic Conveyor, which was hit by the Argentine Exocet anti-ship missile.
An interesting detail: the silhouettes of the Brilliant and Arrow FRs were painted on the fuselage of the Dagger fighter-bomber with tail number C-412.
The ship was transferred to reserve in 1996. Sold to Brazil on 31.8.1996, renamed Dodsworth. Currently in service.
"Broadsword" (F-88)
Laid down: 7.2.1975, Yarrow Shipbuilders Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 12.5.1976 Entered service: 3.5.1979
In the conflict zone since April 25, 1982 (captain W.R. Canning).
On May 21, he received minor damage as a result of shelling by Dagger aircraft of the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group.
On May 25, after the failure of the Seawolf air defense system, it was hit by an unexploded bomb dropped by a Skyhawk attack aircraft of the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. The bomb hit the stern and, rendering the Lynx stationed there unusable, ricocheted into the sea. After the death, Coventry picked up about 170 people.
Some sources report that during the conflict, the frigate's air defense system shot down four aircraft. However, with some certainty, only the “Dagger” from the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group, shot down on May 21, can be indicated. The Argonaut and Plymouth FRs also lay claim to the destruction of this aircraft.
The ship was transferred to reserve on March 31, 1995. Sold to Brazil 30/6/1995, renamed 'Greenhalgh'. Currently in service.
Type 21 frigates ("Amazon")
Displacement: full - 3250 tons, standard - 2750 tons. Dimensions: 117 x 12.7 x 5.8 m.
Power plant: combined gas turbine COCOG (Combined Gas and Gas), two afterburning gas turbines Rolls-Royce Olympus TMZV 28,000 hp each, two propulsion gas turbines Rolls-Royce Tupe
RM1A 4250 hp Two shafts. Speed: 30 knots
Range: 4000 miles at 17 knots. Crew: 175 people.
Armament: Exocet anti-ship missile system 4x1 MM38 anti-ship missile launcher (except F-170); SAM “Sea Cat” 1x4 PU, GWS 24, ammunition 20 missiles; 1x1 4.5755 AU Mk 8; 2x1 20mm gun "Oerlikon";
2x3 324-mm TA Mk 1, ammunition 12 Mk 46 torpedoes. Aviation: one Lynx Mk 2 (in 1980 - 1982 they replaced the previously based Wasp helicopters). Electronic equipment:
Radar 992Q - detection and identification of surface targets; RTN-10X WSA-4 - digital artillery fire control system; Radar 978 - navigation; Radar 1010 - identification; Radar PTR 461 - identification; sub-keel GAS 184M, 162M.
"Arrow" (F-173)
Laid down: 28.9.1972, Yarrow Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 5.2.1974 Entered service: 28.7.1976
In the conflict zone since 20.4.1982 (Commander P.J. Bootherstone).
On May 1, the Dagger fighter-bomber of the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group was slightly damaged by artillery fire.
The ship was transferred to reserve in 1994. Sold to Pakistan on 1.3.1994, renamed "Khaibar". Currently in service.
"Avenger" (F-185)
Laid down: 30.10.1974, Yarrow Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 20.11.1975 Entered service: 15.4.1978
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (captain N.M. White).
According to official reports, on May 30, the ship's gunners shot down the Exocet AM39 anti-ship missile with 4.5" guns.
The ship was transferred to reserve in 1994. Sold to Pakistan on 23.9.1994, renamed Tippu Sultan. Currently in service.
"Active" (F-171)
Laid down: 23/7/1971, Vosper Thornycroft Ltd., Woolston Launched: 23/11/1972 Entered service: 19/7/1977
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (Commander P.C.B. Canter). The ship was transferred to reserve in 1994. Sold to Pakistan on 23.9.1994, renamed Shah Jahan. Currently in service.
"Alacrity" (F-174)
Laid down: 5.3.1973, Yarrow Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 18.9.1974 Entered service: 2.7.1977
In the conflict zone since 25.4.1982 (Commander C.J.S. Craig). Received minor damage during one of the raids on May 1st. .
The most notable episode involving Alacrity was the sinking of the Argentine auxiliary vessel Isla de los Estados by artillery fire on the night of May 10-11. This was the only case of the use of weapons by a surface ship against a surface target during the entire conflict.
On May 11, the Argentine submarine San Luis reported that it had fired two torpedoes at Alacrity and Arrow.
The ship was transferred to reserve in 1994. Sold to Pakistan on 1.3.1994, renamed "Badr". Currently in service.
"Ambuscade" (F-172)
Laid down: 1.9.1971, Yarrow Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 18.1.1973 Entered service: 5.9.1975
In the conflict zone since 5/18/1982 (Commander P.J. Mosse).
The ship was put into reserve in 1993. Sold to Pakistan on 7/28/1993, renamed "Tariq". Currently in service.
"Antelope" (F-170)
Laid down: 23.3.1971, Vosper Thornycroft, Woolston Launched: 16.3.1972 Entered service: 19.7.1975
In the conflict zone since May 18, 1982 (Commander N. Tobin).
On the morning of May 23, a Lynx helicopter from the anti-ship missile frigate Sea Squa finally destroyed the previously damaged Argentine transport Rio Carcarana. On the same day, while covering the troops that had landed two days earlier, he was attacked by four Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. Two 1,000-pound unexploded bombs hit the starboard side of the ship (killing one person). The “Skyhawk” that dropped them was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile immediately after this, and the “Antelope”, the “Broadsword” FR and the coastal “Rapier” air defense system, as well as the crew of the “Blowpipe” MANPADS, claimed victory.
The damaged ship retreated to a safer area, where an attempt was made to clear the ammunition. To do this, a team from the Royal Corps of Engineers came on board. During the next - fourth - attempt to disarm the bomb, an explosion occurred, causing the detonation of the second bomb. One sapper was killed, the second was seriously wounded (later died), another seven people escaped with minor injuries.
The frigate received a hole from the waterline to the chimney, a fire broke out in the engine room, and the fire began to spread quickly. After the failure of power generators and fire-fighting systems, the captain gave the order to abandon ship. Five minutes after the last crew member (in full accordance with tradition, the captain himself) left, the first explosion of ammunition occurred. The explosions continued throughout the night. The next morning, the FR was still afloat, with a damaged keel and twisted and burnt-out superstructures. On the same day, May 24, the Antelope broke into two parts and sank.
"Ardent" (F-184)
Laid down: 26.2.974, Yarrow Ltd., Glasgow Launched: 9.5.1975 Entered service: 13.10.1977
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (Commander A. West).
On May 21, in Grantham Channel at approximately 14.40, it was attacked by three Dagger aircraft of the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group. Three of the nine 500-pound bombs that hit the ship exploded: two in the hangar, destroying the Lynx helicopter and causing the Sea Cat launcher to explode; the third is in the aft room of the auxiliary mechanisms. The ship lost power, but maintained a speed of about 17.5 knots. In addition, the 4.5" propulsion unit failed.
At 15.10 it was attacked again by three Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 3rd Fighter-Bomber Squadron of the Navy. Was hit by two bombs (both exploded). A strong fire started on the frigate, and water began to flow into the hull. The captain gave the order to abandon ship. The crew was lifted aboard the Yarmouth FR. Ardent sank on the morning of May 22. 24 crew members were killed and another 30 were injured.
According to the official website of the Argentine Air Force, the attacks on Ardent proceeded somewhat differently. At 14.00, A-4B Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group managed to hit a 1000-pound bomb on the stern of the frigate. At 2:40 p.m., two 1,000-pound bombs dropped by Dagger aircraft from the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group struck the rear again. At 15.01 it was hit by A-4Q Skyhawk attack aircraft from the naval 3rd Fighter-Bomber Squadron. However, the website indicates that in the latter case, 1000-pound ammunition was used, while according to all available information, naval aviation used 500-pound ammunition.
A few days later, divers removed light anti-aircraft artillery from the sunken frigate and installed it on other ships.
Former captain of the ship Alan West from 2002 to 2006. served as First Sea Lord.
Leander-class frigates
The Leander type consisted of three series (subgroups). Representatives of two of them took part in the Falklands Campaign: the 2nd series was called the “Exocet Group” in Britain, and the 3rd was called the “Broad Beam Group”.
Displacement: full - 3200 tons, standard - 2450 tons. Dimensions: 113.4 x 12.5 x 5.6 m (4.5 m along the keel). Power plant: steam turbine type Y-136; two White-English Electric double expansion steam turbines of 15,000 hp each; two Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Two propellers. Speed: 28 knots
Cruising range: 4000 miles at 15 knots. Crew: 223 people.
Armament: Exocet anti-ship missile system 4x1 MM38 anti-ship missile launcher;
SAM "Sea Cat" 3x4 RPU GWS 22;
2x1 40-MM/60 AU Mk 9;
2x3 324 mm TA Mk 32 for Mk 44/46 torpedoes.
Aviation: one Wasp or Lynx helicopter.
Electronic equipment:
Radar 965 - detection of air targets with a single antenna
AKE type system; N
Radar MRS 3 - fire control;
Radar 1006 - navigation;
Podkilnaya GAS 184.
"Argonaut" (F-56)
Laid down: 27/11/1964, Hawthorne Leslie, Hebburn-on-Tyne Launched: 8/2/1966 Entered service: 17/8/1967
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (captain S.N. Layman).
On May 21, at about 10.00, it was attacked by a single “Aermacchi” of the 1st Fighter Squadron. Lightly damaged by cannon fire and NUR in particular, radar 965 received damage. Several wounded.
On the same day at 14.30 he was attacked by five Skyhawk attack aircraft of the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. The hit of one of the two unexploded bombs in the cellar of the Sea Cat air defense system caused the detonation of two missiles. Two people died. The second battery ended up in the boiler room. After defusing the Argentine bombs, he departed to carry out repairs and modernization work, which lasted about a year.
The statement found in the literature that six attack aircraft took part in the attack on the Argonaut is not true: the sixth aircraft from the strike group returned to its airfield before reaching the Falkland Islands.
Transferred to reserve 31.3.1993; a few years later it was scrapped.
"Minerva" (F-45)
Laid down: 25.7.1963, Vickers-Armstrong Ltd, Newcastle Launched: 19.12.1964 Entered service: 14.5.1966
In the conflict zone since 23.5.1982 (Commander S.H.G. Johnston). The ship was transferred to reserve in March 1992 and sold for scrapping in July 1993.
"Pénélope" (F-127)
Laid down: 14.3.1961, Vickers-Armstrong Ltd, Newcastle Launched: 17.8.1962 Entered service: 31.10.1963
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (Commander P.V. Rickard). On June 13, a Lynx helicopter with a Pénélope anti-ship missile Sea Skua finally finished off the previously damaged Argentine patrol boat (belonging to the Coast Guard) Rio Iguazu.
According to the crew, on the same day, the Pénélope, which was accompanying the Nordic Ferry transport, repelled an attack launched by an Argentine Exocet anti-ship missile. Other sources do not confirm the fact of an attack using anti-ship missiles. FR returned home in September 1982.
The ship was transferred to reserve on April 25, 1991. Sold to Ecuador June 1991, renamed Presidente Eloy Alfaro. Currently in service.
Displacement: full - 2962 tons, standard - 2500 tons. Dimensions: 113.4 x 13.1 5.5 m (4.5 m along the keel). Power plant: steam turbine type Y-160; two White-English Electric double expansion steam turbines of 15,000 hp each; two Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Two propellers. Speed: 28 knots
Cruising range: 4000 miles at 15 knots. Crew: 260 people.
Armament: Exocet anti-ship missile system 4x1 MM38 anti-ship missile launcher; SAM "Sea Wolf" 1x6 RPU GWS 25; 2x1 20-MM/70 AU;
2x3 324 mm TA Mk 32 for Mk 44/46 torpedoes. Aviation: Lynx helicopter. Electronic equipment:
Radar 965 - detection of air targets with a single antenna system of the AKE type;
Radar 994 - detection of surface targets; Radar MRS 3 - fire control; Radar 1006 - navigation; Podkilnaya GAS 2016.
"Andromeda" (F-57)
Laid down: 25.5.1966, NM Dockyard, Portsmouth Launched: 24.4.1967 Entered service: 2.9.1968
Modernized in 1977 with replacement of weapons: 4.5" guns, Sea Cat air defense system, Limbo bomb launcher were removed. Anti-ship missiles, new air defense system, and TA were installed.
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (captain J.L. Weatherall).
The frigate was transferred to reserve in June 1993. Sold to India. Entered the Indian Navy as a training ship "Krishna" on 8/22/1995. Currently in service.
Rothesay-class frigates (Modified Type 12)
Displacement: full - 2800 tons, standard - 2380 tons. Dimensions: 112.8 x 12.5 x 5.3 m.
Power plant: steam turbine; two Admiralty Standard Range steam turbines of 15,000 hp each, two Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Two propellers. Speed: 30 knots
Cruising range: 5200 miles at 12 knots. Crew: 235 people.
Armament: Sea Cat air defense system 1x4 RPU GWS 20, ammunition 16 missiles;
1x2 4.5745 AU Mk 6;
1x3 bomb launcher "Limbo" Mk 10.
Aviation: Wasp helicopter.
Electronic equipment:
Radar 994 - detection and identification of surface targets; Radar MRS 3 - fire control; Radar 978 - navigation; GAS 174, 162, 170.
"Yarmouth" (F-101)
Laid down: 29/11/1957, John Braun & Co Ltd, Clydebank Launched: 23/3/1959 Entered service: 26/3/1960
In the conflict zone since April 25, 1982 (Commander A. Morton).
On May 4, he took on board part of the crew from the Sheffield ship. On May 22, he took part in the seizure of the coaster "Monsunen".
The frigate was transferred to reserve on 4/30/1986. Sunk during firing training of the EM "Manchester" 16.6.1987.
Plymouth (F-126)
Laid down: 1.7.1958, HM Dockyard, Devonport Launched: 20.7.1959 Entered service: 11.5.1961
In the conflict zone since April 17, 1982 (captain D. Pentreath).
He took part in the liberation of South Georgia. On April 25, the frigate's helicopter took part in the attack on the Santa Fe submarine.
On June 8, it was attacked by Dagger aircraft of the 6th Fighter-Bomber Group. Was fired upon by cannons and hit by an unexploded bomb, which caused the detonation of one of the Limbo charges and caused minor damage to the ship.
The frigate was transferred to reserve in 1988 and subsequently exhibited in Birkenhead as a museum ship. By now, the Warship Preservation Trust company, which owned it, has gone bankrupt and the future of the old frigate is uncertain.
Landing Platform Docks
Displacement: full - 12,120 tons, standard - 11,060 tons, in ballast - 16,950 tons.
Dimensions: 158.5 x 24.4 6.2 m (with full load and filled dock chamber - 9.8 m).
Power plant: steam turbine. Two English Electric steam turbines of 11,000 hp each, two Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Two propellers. Speed: 21 knots
Cruising range: 5000 miles at 20 knots. Crew: 550 people. Armament: Sea Cat air defense system 4x4 RPU; 2x1 40 mm/70 AU.
Aviation: platform for five Sea King or Wessex helicopters. Electronic equipment:
Radar 994 - detection of air and surface targets; Radar 978 - navigation.
Landing capacity: 380 - 400 paratroopers (overload 700); 15 tanks, 7 three-ton trucks and 20 Land Rovers. Landing craft: 4 LCM/LCU Mk 9; 4 LCVP (LCA) Mk 2 on davits.
"Fearless" (L-10)
Laid down: 25/7/1962, Harland & Wolff, Belfast Launched: 12/19/1963 Entered service: 25/11/1965
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (captain E.S.L. Larken).
He took part in the landing in San Carlos on June 8, during which a landing craft of the LCM/LCU Mk 9 "F-4" (Foxtrot Four) type was destroyed by an aerial bomb from a Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. Four Marines and two sailors were killed.
During the operation, he provided a significant number of helicopter departures and landings (and even took the stray Sea Harrier VTOL aircraft onto the platform).
On May 27, anti-aircraft gunners from one of the landing ships (“Fearless” or “Intrepid”) damaged a Skyhawk from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group with 40-mm gun fire. When returning to its airfield, the attack aircraft crashed and the pilot ejected.
The ship was transferred to reserve on March 18, 2002.
"Intrepid" (L-11)
Laid down: 12/19/1962, John Brown, Clydebank Launched: 6/25/1964 Commissioned: 3/11/1967
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (captain P.G.V. Dingemans). Ship: transferred to reserve on August 31, 1999.
Landing craft (boats)
LCM/LCU Mk 9
Displacement: full - 176 tons, empty - 75 tons. Dimensions: 25.5 x 6.5 x 1.7 m.
Powertrain: diesel. Two 6-cylinder Paxman YHXAM engines of 312 hp each. Two screws. Speed: 10 knots
Load capacity: up to 100 tons (armored vehicles, special vehicles, cars, various weapons, etc.).
Displacement: full - 13.5 tons, empty - 8.5 tons. Dimensions: 12.7 3.1 0.8 m.
Powertrain: diesel. Two Foden 100 hp diesel engines Two screws. Speed: 10 knots
Landing capacity: 35 people or 2 Land Rover trucks.
Landing Ship Logistic
Type "Sir Bedivere"
Displacement: full - 5674 tons ("Sir Lancelot" - 5550 tons), lightly - 3270 tons ("Sir Lancelot" - 3370 tons). Dimensions: 125.1 x 19.6 x 4.3 m.
Powerplant: two 10-cylinder Mirrless 10-ALSSDM diesel engines, 4700 hp each. (two Denny/Sulzer diesel engines of 4760 hp each on the Sir Lancelot). Two propellers. Speed: 17 knots
Cruising range: 8000 miles at 15 knots. Crew: 68 people. Armament: 2x1 40mm Bofors guns. Aviation: aft platform.
Landing capacity: 340 people (maximum - 534), 16 tanks, 34 trucks, 120 tons of fuel and lubricants, 30 tons of ammunition. Can transport up to 20 helicopters.
"Sir Bedivere" (L-3004)
Laid down: October 1965, Hawthorne Leslie, Hebburn-on-Tyne Launched: 20/7/1966 Entered service: 18/5/1967
In the conflict zone since May 18, 1982 (captain P.J. McCarthy).
On May 24, he received a glancing blow from an unexploded bomb dropped by a Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 4th Fighter-Bomber Group.
The ship took part in the Gulf War in 1991. It is currently in service.
"Sir Galahad" (L-3005)
Laid down: February 1965, Alex Stephen, Glasgow Launched: 19.4.1966 Entered service: 17.12.1966
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (captain P.J.G. Roberts).
On May 24, he was hit by an unexploded bomb dropped by a Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 4th Fighter-Bomber Group. Part of the team was evacuated, the bomb was defused. Received minor injuries.
On June 8, during the landing of troops at Bluff Cove, it was attacked by Skyhawk aircraft from the 5th Fighter-Bomber Group. As a result of being hit by two or three bombs, a severe fire broke out. 5 crew members, 32 Welsh Guardsmen and 11 military personnel from other units were killed on the ship. In addition, 11 more crew members and 46 ground forces personnel were injured and severely burned. The burnt-out hull was towed to sea and on June 25, the submarine "Opukh" was sunk.
"Sir Geraint" (L-3027)
Laid down: June 1965, Alex Stephen, Glasgow Launched: 26.1.1967 Entered service: 12.7.1967
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (captain D.E. Lawrence). The ship was transferred to reserve in November 2003.
"Sir Lancelot" (L-3029)
Laid down: March 1962, Fairfield, Glasgow Launched: 25.6.1963 Entered service: 16.1.1964
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (captain CA. Purtcher-Wydenbruck).
On May 24, he was hit on the starboard side by an unexploded 1,000-pound bomb dropped by a Skyhawk attack aircraft from the 4th Fighter-Bomber Group. The ship was brought into shallow water and the crew was evacuated. After clearing the ordnance he returned to active service.
"Sir Lancelot" was transferred to reserve in 1989. In the same year, it was sold to a private company from South Africa and renamed "Lowland Lancer". Served as a transport ship for some time, then as a floating casino
in Cape Town. In 1992, resold to Singapore, renamed Persévérance, and commissioned into the Singapore Navy. Currently in service.
"Sir Percivale" (L-3036)
Laid down: April 1966, Hawthorne Leslie, Hebburn-on-Tyne Launched: 4.10.1967 Entered service: 23.3.1968
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (captain A.F. Pitt).
The ship took part in the Gulf War in 1991. It operated as part of British forces in the Balkans in 1992 - 1994, in Iraq in 2003. Transferred to reserve on 17.8.2004.
"Sir Tristram" (L-3505)
Laid down: February 1966, Hawthorne Leslie, Hebburn-on-Tyne Launched: 12/12/1966 Entered service: 14/9/1967
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (captain G.R. Green).
On June 8, Bluff Cove was attacked by Skyhawk aircraft from the 5th Fighter Bomber Group. Two sailors were killed by fire from onboard weapons. Fortunately, the fuse on the 1,000-pound bomb that pierced the deck did not immediately go off, which made it possible to evacuate the crew. After the bomb exploded, a strong fire broke out and the ship sank in shallow water. After the end of hostilities it was raised and towed to Port Stanley. Later towed to England, underwent repairs and modernization. Returned to service in 1985.
The ship participated in the Gulf War in 1991, in operations in the Balkans and in the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Transferred to reserve on 11/17/2005.
Hunt type minesweepers
Displacement: full - 725 tons, standard - 615 tons. Dimensions: 60 x 9.9 x 2.2 m.
Powerplant: two Ruston-Paxman Deltic 9-58K diesel engines, 1770 hp each; auxiliary diesel Ruston-Paxman Deltic 9-55V. Two propellers; bow thruster; the presence of hydraulic systems for movement when searching for mines - stroke 8 knots. Speed: 17 knots
Cruising range: 1500 miles at 12 knots. Crew: 45 people.
Armament: 1x1 40mm Bofors Mk 9 gun.
Electronic equipment:
Radar 1006 - navigation;
GAS 193M - podkilnaya, mine detection;
GAS 2059 - sub-keel, mine detection.
Mining weapons: two PAP 104 underwater vehicles;
acoustic trawl Mk 3 “Osborn”;
electromagnetic trawl MM Mk 2,
contact trawl Mk 8 "Oropesa".
Ship hulls are made of fiberglass, non-magnetic or low-magnetic materials.
"Brecon" (M-29)
Laid down: October 1975, Vosper Thorny croft, Woolston Launched: 21.6.1978 Entered service: 21.3.1980
He arrived in the conflict zone after the end of hostilities and took part in trawling (Commander P.A. Fish).
TSH participated in trawling the Persian Gulf in 1991. In January 2004, she became the first Royal Navy ship to be commanded by a woman (Lieutenant S. Atkinson). Transferred to reserve in 2005
"Ledbury" (M-30)
Laid down: Vosper Thornycroft, Woolston Launched: 12/5/1979 Commissioned: 6/11/1981
He arrived in the conflict zone after the end of hostilities and took part in trawling (Lieutenant Commander A. Rose).
The TSC took part in trawling the Persian Gulf in 1991. It is currently in service.
Requisitioned minesweepers
In the spring of 1982, five trawlers belonging to fishing companies were mobilized, equipped with Mk 8 “Oropesa” contact trawls and Mk 9 “Kite Otter” systems and sent to the conflict zone (commanded by Lieutenant Commander Holloway).
In the Port Stanley area, minesweepers destroyed two minefields laid by the Argentines. After completion of the work they were returned to their original owners.
Requisitioned from J. Marr Trawlers. Displacement -1238 tons.
In the conflict zone since 18.5.1982 (Lieutenant Commander M.C.G. Holloway).
Requisitioned from J. Marr Trawlers." Displacement -1207 t.
In the conflict zone since May 18, 1982 (Lieutenant R.J. Bishop).
Requisitioned from J. MarrTrawlers." Displacement - 1615 tons.
In the conflict zone since 18.5.1982 (Lieutenant Commander M. Rowledge).
Northella
Requisitioned from J. Marr Trawlers." Displacement -1238 tons.
In the conflict zone since 18.5.1982 (Lieutenant Commander J.P.S. Greenop).
"Pict"
Requisitioned from United Trawlers.
Castle-class patrol ships
Displacement - 1478 tons.
In the conflict zone since 18.5.1982 (Lieutenant Commander D.G. Garwood). Total displacement: 1427 tons. Dimensions: 81 x 11.5 x 3.6 m.
Powerplant: two Ruston 12RKC diesel engines, 2820 hp each. Two screws. Speed: 19.5 knots
Cruising range: 10,000 miles at 12 knots.
Crew: 50 people.
Armament: 1x1 30mm AR B MARC;
2x1 7.62 mm L7 machine gun.
Aviation: aft platform for a helicopter.
Electronic equipment:
Radar 994 - detection of surface targets;
Radar 1006 - navigation.
Additional equipment: two 5.4 m high-speed frame-on-inflatable boats “Avon Searider”; room to receive 25 Marines.
Ships can lay mines if necessary.
"Leeds Castle" (P-258)
Laid down: 10/18/1979, Hall Russell Co. Ltd, Aberdeen Launched: 29/10/1980 Entered service: 27/10/1981
During the conflict (Lieutenant Commander C.F.B. Hamilton) was used as a messenger ship. After the end of hostilities, he performed various tasks. For some time he was based in the Falkland Islands. Transferred to reserve 8/8/2005
Dumbarton Castle (P-265)
Laid down: Hall Russell Ltd, Aberdeen Launched: 3/6/1981 Entered service: 26/3/1982
During the conflict (Lt.Cdr. N.D. Wood) was used as a messenger ship. Currently in service.
Ice patrol vessel "Endurance" (A-171)
Total displacement: 3600 tons.
Dimensions: 91.5 x 14 x 5.5 m.
Powerplant: diesel Burmeister & Wain 550 VTBF, 3220 hp.
Speed: 14.5 knots
Cruising range: 12,000 miles at 14.5 knots. Crew: 119 people. Armament: 2x1 20mm Oerlikon guns. Aviation: two Wasp helicopters.
Laid down: 1955, Krogerwerft, Rendsburg Launched: May 1956 Commissioned: December 1956
Originally under the name "Anita Dan" it belonged to the Lauritzen Lines company. Since 20.2.1967 - as part of Royal Navy, refitted at the Harland & WolfF shipyard, renamed. Due to the characteristic color of the hull, the Endurance was unofficially called “Red Plum”. By the beginning of 19Q2, he received orders to return to the metropolis. It was planned to be sold in 1983.
He was in the South Atlantic even before the start of the conflict (Captain N.J. Barker).
After landing the Argentine workers at South Georgia on March 19, he took on board nine marines from the Port Stanley garrison and, together with the 13 marines already on board, sailed for South Georgia on March 21. On March 25, he discovered the landing of a detachment of about 100 people from the Argentine transport Bahia Paraíso. Having landed his marines (22 people) ashore, he headed for the Falklands. After the Marines' battle with the invading forces at Grytviken, the crew of the Endurance planned to attack Argentine ships using their helicopters and anti-aircraft guns. Having received the strictest prohibition from the command, he went to meet with the operational unit.
On April 22, he took part in the landing in Hound Bay on South Georgia. On April 25, his helicopters near Grytviken took part in the attack on the Argentine submarine Santa Fe. After the Argentine surrender on South Georgia on April 26, she remained in the area of the island as a patrol ship. After the end of the war, he participated in the sinking of the Santa Fe at great depths.
After the conflict ended, the sale of Endurance was abandoned. The ship served until 1989, when it collided with an iceberg. After returning to England it was put in for repairs, but an inspection revealed its inappropriateness. Transferred to reserve in 1991, decommissioned.
Fleet tankers
Total displacement: 26,480 tons.
Dimensions: 170.8 x 22 x 9.2 m.
Powerplant: 6-cylinder diesel 1Ch.E. Doxford 9500 hp
Speed: 15.5 knots
Crew: 55 people.
Laid down: voyage #7 Ogubosk, Northumberland Launched: 29.3.1960 Entered service: July 1960
Chartered from W.M Corey & Co. Returned to the owner company in May 1985. Scrapped in Thailand.
"Pearleaf" (A-77)
Displacement: total - 25,790 tons.
Dimensions: 173.2 x 21.9 x 9.2 m.
Powerplant: 6-cylinder diesel Rowan Doxford 8800 hp.
Speed: 16 knots
Crew: 55 people.
Laid down: Blythswood Shipbuilding Co Ltd., Scotstown Launched: 10/15/1959 Entered into service: January 1960. In the conflict zone from 4/5/1982.
Chartered from London-based Jacobs and Partners Ltd. In 1985, the tanker was returned to the owner company and in 1986 sold to Saudi Arabia.
Displacement: full - 36,000 tons, empty - 10,890 tons. Dimensions: 197.5 x 25.6 x 11.1 m.
Power plant: two Pametrada double expansion steam turbines
13,250 HP, two Babcock & Wilcox boilers.
Speed: 19 knots
Crew: 87 people.
Armament: 1x2 40mm (1x2 20mm) guns.
"Olna" (A-123)
Laid down: Hawthorn Leslie, Hebburn Launched: 28/7/1965 Entered service: 1/4/1966
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (Captain J.A. Bailey).
The tanker took part in supplying ships with fuel during the Gulf War in 1991. It was transferred to reserve in August 2000. In March 2001, it was sold to a Turkish company and scrapped.
"Olmeda" (A-124)
Laid down: Hawthorn Leslie, Hebburn Launched: 11/19/1964 Entered service: 10/18/1965 Originally named "Oleander"
In the conflict zone since April 25, 1982 (captain G.P. Overbury).
The tanker was transferred to reserve in 1993. Sold to India for scrapping.
Later Tide type
Displacement: full - 27,400 tons, empty - 8531 tons. Dimensions: 177.6 x 21.6 x 9.8 m.
Power plant: two Pametrada double expansion turbines of 7500 hp each,
two Babcock & Wilcox boilers.
Speed: 18.3 knots
Crew: 110 people.
Aviation: four Sea King helicopters.
"Tidespring" (A-75)
Laid down: 24.7.1961, Hawthorn Leslie, Hebburn Launched: 3.5.1962 Entered service: 18.1.1963
In the conflict zone since April 17, 1982 (captain S. Redmond).
In addition to performing its main task, during the conflict the tanker was used to house Argentine prisoners of war.
Transferred to reserve on December 13, 1991. Sold to India for scrap.
"Tidepool" (A-76)
Laid down: 12/4/1961, Hawthorn Leslie, Hebburn Launched: 12/11/1962 \ Commissioned: 6/8/1963
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (captain J. McCullough).
By the time the war began, Tidepool was already on its way to Chile to complete a sales contract, but was again temporarily returned to the RFA.
Transferred to reserve on August 13, 1982. Sold to Chile.
Type "Rover"
Displacement: full - 11,522 tons, empty - 4,700 tons. Dimensions: 140.6 x 19.2 x 7.3 m.
Powerplant: two 16-cylinder Pielstick diesel engines with 7680 hp each. One propeller shaft.
Speed: 19 knots
Cruising range: 15,000 miles at 15 knots. Crew: 47 people. Armament: 2x1 20mm Oerlikon guns. Aviation: Sea King helicopter.
"Blue Rover" (A-270)
Laid down: Swan Hunter, Hebburn-on-Tyne Launched: 11/11/1969 Entered service: 15/7/1970
In the conflict zone since May 2, 1982 (captain D.A. Reynolds).
In March 1993, TN was sold to Portugal and renamed Berrio.
Appleleaf type
Total displacement: 40,200 tons. Dimensions: 170.7 x 25.9 x 11.9 m.
Powerplant: two 14-cylinder diesel engines Pielstick 14 RS2.2 V 400, 7000 hp each.
One propeller shaft.
Speed: 16 knots
Crew: 56 people.
Armament: 2x1 20mm Oerlikon guns;
4x1 7.62 mm machine gun.
"Appleleaf" (A-79)
Laid down: 1974, Cammell Laird, Birkenhead Launched: 24/7/1975 Entered service: November 1979
During the conflict, the tanker was commanded by Captain G. McDougall.
Sold to Australia 9/10/1989, renamed HMAS "Westralia". Currently in service.
"Brambleleaf" (A-81)
Laid down: Cammell Laird, Birkenhead Launched: 22.1.1976 Entered service: 6.5.1980
During the conflict, the ship was commanded by Captain M.S.J. Farley.
Currently in service.
"Bay leaf" (A-109)
Laid down: Blyth Drydock, Northumberland Launched: 10/27/1981 Commissioned: 3/26/1982
In the conflict zone since June 9, 1982 (captain A.E.T. Hunter).
Currently in service.
Mobilized tankers
Displacement: 57,732 tons. Speed: 16 knots.
Chartered from Finance for Shipping Ltd. Located near Ascension Island. Did not enter the conflict zone (A. Lazenby).
"Anco Charger"
Displacement: 25,300 tons. Speed: 15.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 15, 1982 (V. Hartón).
Chartered from R&O.
Balder London
Displacement: 33,751 tons. Speed: 16.2 knots.
Chartered from Llyods of London (K.J. Wallace). On May 2, 1984, it became part of the auxiliary fleet under the name "Orangeleaf" (A-110). Currently in service.
"British Avon"
Displacement: 25,620 tons. Speed: 15.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since 7.5.1982 (J.W.M. Guy).
Chartered from British Petroleum. On May 25, he took on board the Argentine officer Alfredo Astiz, notorious as a participant in the repressions against dissidents, who was captured at South Georgia. Returned to Portsmouth on 5 June.
"British Dart"
Displacement: 25,651 tons. Speed: 15.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 14, 1982 (JAM. Taylor).
Chartered from British Petroleum*.
Displacement: 29,900 tons. Speed: 14.7 knots.
In the conflict zone since April 22, 1982 (G. Barber).
Chartered from British Petroleum. Delivered the crew of the deceased EM Sheffield to Ascension Island.
British Tatag»
Displacement: 25,500 tons. Speed: 14.7 knots. Chartered from British Petroleum* (D.O.W. Jones).
((British Tau"
Displacement: 25,000 tons. Speed: 14.7 knots.
In the conflict zone since April 23, 1982 (R.T. Morris).
Chartered from the company ((British Petroleum). After the attack ((Atlantic Conveyor * on May 25, took on board the surviving crew members (133 people) and delivered them to Ascension Island.
Displacement: 25,640t. Speed: 14.7 knots
In the conflict zone since May 21, 1982 (I.A. Oliphant).
Chartered from the company ((British Petroleum*. Delivered the crew of the landing ship "Sir Galahad" to Ascension Island.
Displacement: 25,147 tons. Speed: 15.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 5, 1982 (PR. Waller).
Chartered from the company ((British Petroleum). Took on board the crew of the landing ship "Sir Tristram" (101 people) and delivered them to Ascension Island.
Displacement: 25,196 tons. Speed: 15.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 25, 1982 (D.M. Rundle).
Chartered from (British Petroleum). On May 29, while several hundred miles from the Falkland Islands and 830 miles east of Buenos Aires, it was attacked by an Argentine C-130 Hercules aircraft. One of the eight bombs dropped hit the ship , but bounced off the hull and fell into the sea, causing minor damage.
"Ebirpa"
Displacement: 31,374 tons. Speed: 14.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 27, 1982 (J.C. Beaumont).
Chartered from Shell.
Displacement: 30,607 tons. Speed: 15kt. Chartered from Canadian Pacific (E.S. Metham).
Displacement: 56,490 tons. Speed: 16.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since 10.6.1982 (A. Terras).
Chartered from King Line.
Troop transports
"Capberry"
Tonnage: 44,807 brt. Dimensions: 249.9 31.2 x 10 m.
Powerplant: turbo-electric; two British Thompson Houston (AEI) three-phase air-cooled electric motors, a steam turbine, four auxiliary steam turbines. Two screws. Speed: 23.5 knots Crew: 795 people.
Laid down: 23.9.1957, Harland & Wolff, Belfast Launched: 16.3.1960 Entered service: 2.6.1961
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (captain D.J. Scott-Masson).
Requisitioned by the Ministry of Defense from R&O on 4 April 1982. Sailed from Southampton on 9 April after installing helipads and medical equipment. There were 2,400 military personnel on board. On May 21, they landed in San Carlos. On May 27, in South Georgia, he took on board the personnel of the 5th Infantry Brigade from Queen Elizabeth 2 (landing in San Carlos on June 2).
After June 14, he simultaneously transported 4,400 Argentine prisoners of war to Puerto Madryn (Patagonia). Returned to Southampton on 11 July with troops of the 3rd Brigade on board. During the conflict, he received the nickname "Great White Whale".
After the end of hostilities, it was returned to the owner. Last voyage - from October 10 to October 31, 1997. Dismantled for metal in Pakistan.
"Queen Elizabeth II"
Tonnage: 70,327 grt. Dimensions: 293.5 x 32 x 9.9 m.
Power plant: initially steam turbine (replaced by diesel-electric in 1986). Speed: 32.5 knots Crew: 1015 people.
Armament: for air defense needs, it was planned to use the machine guns and MANPADS available to the troops transported on the liner. Places were determined for their placement, and personnel were allocated.
Laid down: 5/6/1965, John Brown Shipyard, Clydebank Launched: 20/9/1967.
Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain took part in the ceremony. She used the same golden scissors that her mother and grandmother used to lower Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary respectively. Entered service: 2.5.1969
In the conflict zone since May 23, 1982 (Captain R. Jackson).
Requisitioned by the Ministry of Defense from Cunard Line on 4 May at Southampton. The number of passengers accepted increased by 1000 and reached 3150 people. On May 12, he headed for the South Atlantic with soldiers of the 5th Infantry Brigade on board. On May 27, in South Georgia, personnel and ammunition were transferred to the Canberra and Norland transports. Left South Georgia on May 29, bringing home the crew members of the sunken ships Antelope, Ardent and Coventry. Welcoming Queen Elizabeth II and the Queen Mother aboard the Royal Yacht
After the end of hostilities, it was returned to the owner. Currently used as a passenger liner.
Displacement: 13,000 tons. Speed: 19 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (D.A. Ellerby).
Requisitioned from R&O on April 17. Refitted in Portsmouth 22 - 25 April. Took on board military personnel of the 2nd Parachute Regiment. Participated in the landing on May 21. After the end of hostilities, he transported Argentine prisoners of war.
"Baltic Ferry"
In the conflict zone since May 25, 1982 (E. Harrison).
"Nordic Ferry"
Displacement: 6455 tons. Speed: 17 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 25, 1982 (R. Jenkins).
Requisitioned from Townsend Thorsen. Transported personnel of the 5th Infantry Brigade, as well as ammunition.
Displacement: 9000 tons. Speed: 21 knots.
In the conflict zone since June 7, 1982 (M.J. Stockman).
Requisitioned from Sealink. Transported military personnel of the 5th Infantry Brigade and the Air Force. In February 1983, it was acquired by the Ministry of Defense and became part of Royal Navy as HMS Kegep.
Displacement: 9387 tons. Speed: 21 knots.
In the conflict zone - from the beginning of July 1982.
Air transport
"Atlantic Conveyor"
Displacement: 14,946 tons. Speed: 22 knots. In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (I. North).
Requisitioned by the Ministry of Defense from Cunard Container on 14 April at Liverpool. Converted at Devonport Naval Base, with runway equipment installed on the upper deck. Equipped for aircraft repair.
Left port on 25 April with five No. 18 Squadron RAF Chinooks and six No. 848 Squadron FAA Wessex helicopters on board. Upon arrival at Ascension Island, he received eight Sea Harrier fighters from the FAA 809 Squadron and six Harrier GR.3, one of the Chinook helicopters was removed.
On May 25, while 90 miles northeast of Port Stanley, along with aircraft carriers, it was attacked by two Argentine Super Etendard aircraft from the 2nd Fighter Attack Squadron. At approximately 16 and South from a distance of 30 miles, they fired two Exocet AM39 anti-ship missiles at the ship, one of which hit the target. As a result of the explosion and subsequent fire, 12 people were killed, including the captain. Three Chinook, six Wessex and one Lynx helicopters from 815 Squadron were destroyed. An attempt was made to tow the damaged vessel, but the Atlantic Conveyor sank during towing on May 28.
British and Argentine versions of events differ. The Argentine version says that the command knew about the role of the converted container ship and it was one of the priority targets, and two missiles hit the ship. The British indicate that the main task for the Super Etendard was aircraft carriers, but the escort ships were able to jam and disorient the missile homing heads. However, after leaving the interference field, the “head” of one of the anti-ship missiles captured a large target, which turned out to be the Atlantic Conveyor.
Atlantic Causeway
Displacement: 14,946 tons. Speed: 22 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 25, 1982 (M.N.S. Twomey).
A container ship of the same type as the Atlantic Conveyor. Requisitioned from Cunard Container. Converted to air transport.
"Contender Bezant"
Displacement: 11,445 tons. Speed: 19 knots.
In the conflict zone since June 7, 1982 (A. MacKinnon).
Container ship requisitioned from Sea Containers Ltd. Converted to air transport.
Displacement: 27,870 tons. Speed: 22 knots.
In the conflict zone since June 25, 1982 (H.S. Braden).
Requisitioned on May 29. Converted at Devonport to transport and repair helicopters. Installed 2x1 20mm AU.
22.4.1983 chartered by the Ministry of Defense, became part of Royal Navy, renamed "Reliant".
Supply vessels
Displacement: 11,804 tons. Speed: 18 knots.
In the conflict zone since 05/21/1982 (H.R. Lawton).
Chartered from China Mutual Steamship.
Displacement: 12,030 tons. Speed: 23.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 20, 1982 (N. Evans).
Requisitioned from Cunard.
Displacement: 5463 t Speed: 18.5 knots
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (J.P. Morton).
Requisitioned from R&O. Installed 2x1 40mm Bofors guns.
Europic Ferry
Displacement: 4190 tons. Speed: 19.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since 13.5.1982 (W.J.C. Clarke).
Requisitioned from Townsend Thorsen.
"Tor Caledonia"
Displacement: 5060 tons. Speed: 18.5 knots. In the conflict zone since 6/6/1982 (A. Scott).
Requisitioned from Whitwill. On June 28, she ran aground during a storm. It did not suffer any serious damage and was refloated on the same day.
Displacement: 12,600 tons. Speed: 18 knots. In the conflict zone since July 15, 1982.
Supply transports
Regent type
Total displacement: 22,890 tons. Dimensions: 195.1 x 23.5 x 8 m.
Power plant: two AEI steam turbines of 10,000 hp each, two Foster boilers
Speed: 21 knots
Crew: 119 RFA, 52 RN civil servants; helicopter team from the RN.
Armament: platforms for installing 2x1 40-mm Bofors guns are equipped.
Aviation: two Sea King helicopters (maximum 4).
"Regent" (A-486)
Laid down: 4.9.1964, Harland & Wolff, Belfast Launched: 3.9.1966 Entered service: 6.6.1967
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (captain J. Logan).
TP was involved in supplying British forces in Bosnia from 1992 to 1994. Transferred to reserve in 1997. Sold for scrapping in India.
"Resource" (A-480)
Laid down: 7/19/1964, Scotts Shipbuilding & Eng Co, Greencock Launched: 2/11/1966 Entered into service: 5/6/1967
In the conflict zone from April 25, 19812 (captain V.A. Seymour).
"Resource" became one of the first ships to assist the crew of the HM "Sheffield" - it was nearby at the time of the attack (having finished reloading supplies).
Withdrew from the fleet after 2002.
Fort Grange type
Displacement: total - 23,484 tons.
Dimensions: 183.9 x 24.1 x 9 m.
Powerplant: 8-cylinder diesel Sulzer 8RND90 23,200 hp.
Speed: 22 knots
Cruising range: 10,000 miles at 20 knots.
Crew: 114 from RFA, 36 from Naval Transport Service
(Royal Navy Supply and Transport Service), 45 - from the FAA.
Armament: 2x1 20-mm gun "Oerlikon" GAM-B01;
4x1 7.62 mm machine gun.
Aviation: one Sea King helicopter (maximum -4).
"Fort Austin" (A-386)
Laid down: 12/9/1975, Scott-Lithgow, Greencock Launched: 3/9/1978 Commissioned: 5/11/1979
In the conflict zone since April 26, 1982 (Commander S.C. Dunlop).
The TP is currently in service.
"Fort Grange" (A-385)
Laid down: 9.11.1973, Scott-Lithgow, Greencock Launched: 9.12.1976 Entered service: 6.4.1978
In the conflict zone since May 26, 1982 (captain D.G.M. Averill).
In 1997 - 2000 TP took part in operations in the Balkans. In May 2000, renamed Fort Rosalie (A-385). Currently in service.
Displacement: full - 16,792 tons (normal 14,000 tons), light weight - 9010 tons.
Dimensions: 159.7 x 22 x 6.7 m.
Powerplant: 8-cylinder diesel Wallsend-Sulzer RD76; 11,520 hp Speed: 18 knots
Cruising range: 12,000 miles at 16 knots. Crew: 151 people. Aviation: Sea King helicopter.
"Stromness" (A-344)
Laid down: 1.10.1965, Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd., Wallsend-on-Tyne Launched: 1.9.1966 Entered service: 10.8.1967
In the conflict zone since May 13, 1982 (captain J.B. Dickinson).
TP sold to USA 10/1/1983, renamed Saturn, assigned to Military Sealift Command. Currently in service.
Helicopter Support Ship Engadine (K-08)
Total displacement: 9000 tons. Dimensions: 129.3 x 17.8 x 6.7 m.
Powerplant: 5-cylinder diesel Sulzer RD68 with turbocharging, 5500 hp. Speed: 14.5 knots
Crew: 63 RFA, 14 RN (facilities available for
accommodating another 114 RN personnel).
Aviation: four Wessex helicopters, two Wasp or Sea King helicopters.
Laid down: 18/8/1964, Henry Robb Ltd., Leith Launched: 9/8/1965 Entered service: 15/9/1966
In the conflict zone since June 2, 1982. (Captain D.F. Freeman).
Used as a repair vessel.
Transferred to reserve in 1989. Sold to India for scrapping in 1996.
Royal Naval Auxiliary Service vessels
Later Wild Duck type rescue vessel
Displacement: full - 1622 tons, empty - 941 tons. Dimensions: 60.2 x 12.2 x 4.2 m.
Powerplant: 16-cylinder Davey Paxman diesel 750 hp. One shaft. Speed: 10.8 knots
Cruising range: 3260 miles at 9.5 knots. Crew: 26 people.
Armament: adapted to install 1x2 40mm guns.
"Goosander" (A-94)
Mortgage: Robb Caledon Ltd. Launched: 12.4.1973 Entered service: 10.9.1973
The ship, commanded by A. MacGregor, was quite actively used in the combat area.
Tug "Turpoop" (A-95)
Displacement: full - 1380 tons, standard - 800 tons. Dimensions: 61 x 13 x 4 m.
Powerplant: two Vee turbocharged diesel engines with 1,375 hp each. Speed: 16 knots
Laid down: Henry Robb & Co Ltd, Leith Launched: 10/14/1958 Entered service: 1960 During the conflict, the ship was commanded by J.N. Morris.
Mobilized support vessels Tugs (Irishman)
In the conflict zone since May 9, 1982 (W. Allen).
Participated in the rescue of the landing ship Sir Tristram and the Argentine transport Bahia Buen Suceso.
"Yorkshireman"
Displacement: 689 tons. Speed: 14 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 9, 1982 (P. Rimmer).
Ocean tug, requisitioned from United Towing.
Same type as Irishman. On May 27, they jointly tried to tow the Atlantic Conveyor container ship damaged by Argentine aviation. however, while being towed on 28 May, the heavily damaged ship sank.
Displacement: 1598 t Speed: 17.5 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 2, 1982 (A.J. Stockwell).
Ocean tug, requisitioned from United Towing.
From June 28 to July 15, together with Yorkshireman and Endurance, he participated in work to restore the buoyancy of the Santa Fe submarine.
Cable ship "Iris"
Displacement: 3843 tons. Dimensions: 97.2 x 15 x 5.5 m. Speed: 15 knots. Laid down in 1973. Entered into service in 1976.
In the conflict zone since May 21, 1982 (captain A. Fulton).
Chartered from British Telecom, it was not used for its intended purpose, but as a “servant for everything.”
Further fate: dismantled for metal in 2003.
Vessels for servicing oil production platforms
British Enterprise III
Displacement -1600 tons.
Requisitioned from BUE North-sea (D. Grant)
"Stena Seaspread"
Displacement: 6061 tons. Speed: 16 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 8, 1982 (N. Williams).
Requisitioned from Stena North-Sea. Used as a repair vessel.
"Stena Inspector"
In the conflict zone since May 25, 1982 (D. Ede).
Requisitioned from Stena North-Sea.
After the end of the conflict, it was purchased from the owner company. Rebuilt into a transport and repair vessel and on 03/12/1984 enlisted in the auxiliary forces of the Navy under the name “Diligence”. It has the following performance characteristics: Displacement: total - 10,765 tons. Dimensions: 112 x 20.5 x 6.8 m.
Power plant: diesel-electric; five Nohab-Polar diesel generators; four NEBB electric motors. One propeller; thrusters. Speed: 12 knots
Cruising range: 5000 miles at 12 knots.
Crew: 38 people (can accommodate another 147 people and an additional 55 for a short time). Armament: 4x1 20mm Oerlikon guns; 4 X 7.62 mm machine guns.
Aviation: a site that allows you to receive any helicopters (up to the CH-47 Chinook). Currently in service.
Minesweeper floating base “St. Helena"
Displacement: 3150 tons.
Supply transport. Requisitioned from United International Bank Ltd. During the conflict, the ship was commanded by M.L.M. Smith.
Refrigerators
"Avelona Star"
Displacement: 9784 tons. Speed: 24 knots.
Chartered 28 May 1982. At Portsmouth equipped for passage to the South Atlantic. During the conflict, the ship was commanded by N. Dyer.
Displacement: 7730 tons. Speed: 19 knots. In the conflict zone since 6/6/1982 (G.F. Foster).
Supply transport "Laertes"
Displacement: 11,804 tons. Speed: 18 knots.
Requisitioned 28 May 1982. At Devonport equipped for passage to the South Atlantic, work completed 8 June. Arrived at the Falkland Islands in early July (HT. Reid).
Lighter "Wimpey Seahorse"
Displacement: 1598 tons. Speed: 15 knots.
In the conflict zone since June 2, 1982 (M.J. Slack).
Requisitioned from Wimpey Marine.
Water tanker "Fort Toronto"
Displacement: 31,400 tons. Speed: 15 knots.
In the conflict zone since May 12, 1982 (R.I. Kinnier).
Chartered from Canadian Pacific.
Hospital ships "Uganda"
Displacement: 16,907 tons. Dimensions: 164.6 x 21.7 x 8.4 m.
Power plant: six Parsons steam turbines (2x3), three Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Two propellers. Speed: 16 knots
Laid down: Barclay Curie & Company, Gazgo Launched: 15.1.1952 Entered service: 2.8.1952
Passenger liner, requisitioned on April 10, 1982 from P&O Lines Ltd. Converted into a hospital ship, which arrived in the combat area on May 8, 1982 (J.G. Clark). On July 13, it was removed from the hospital ships. On September 25, Uganda was returned to the owner company. In November 1982, chartered by the Ministry of Defense to transport goods between Ascension Island and the Falkland Islands. On April 27, 1985 the contract was completed.
On July 15, 1986, the ship arrived in Taiwan for dismantling for metal by An Hsiung Iron and Steel Co Ltd. 8/22/1986 washed ashore by Typhoon Wayne. By 1993 it remained undismantled.
In April 1982, the hydrographic survey ships Hydra, Hecla and Herald were converted into hospital ships. During the conflict, the wounded were transported from the base hospital ship Uganda to Montevideo, from where they were then flown by Air Force VC-10 transport aircraft to England.
Hydrographic vessels of the Hecla type
Displacement: full - 2733 tons, standard - 1915 tons. Dimensions: 79.3 x 15 x 4.7 m.
Power plant: diesel-electric; three 12-cylinder Paxman Ventura turbocharged diesel engines with 1280 hp each, one hydroelectric engine with 2000 hp. One propeller shaft. Speed: 14 knots
Crew: 127 people.
"Hecla" (A-133)
Laid down: 6.5.1964, Yarrow & Co, Blytheswood Launched: 21.12.1964 Entered service: 9.9.1965
In the conflict zone since May 9, 1982 (captain G.L. Nore).
In 1997 transferred to reserve.
"Hydra" (A-144)
Laid down: 14.5.1964, Yarrow & Co, Blytheswood Launched: 14.7.1965 Entered service: 5.5.1966
In the conflict zone since May 14, 1982 (Commander R.J. Campbell).
18.4.1986 sold to Indonesia, renamed "Dewa Kembar". Currently in service.
Hydrographic vessel "Improved Hecla" type
Displacement: full - 2945 tons, standard - 2000 tons. Dimensions: 79.3 x 15 x 4.7 m.
Power plant: diesel-electric; three 12-cylinder Paxman YJCZ turbocharged diesel engines, one 2000 hp engine. One propeller shaft. Speed: 14 knots
Cruising range: 12,000 miles at 11 knots.
Crew: 128 people.
Aviation: one Wasp helicopter.
Landing craft: two 35-foot motor boats.