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The first Koreans in Crimea. Korean diaspora of Crimea

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The Korean movement on the peninsula began in 1995. And all these years, the organization has been building friendly bridges both with its historical homeland and with other national communities. Therefore, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis, Estonians and Germans came to celebrate the anniversary of the creation of the Korean community in Crimea. Why the first anniversary? More than 4 thousand Koreans live in Crimea. Photo: Mikhail Gladchuk
After a year of work

There are three dates in a Korean’s life that he must definitely celebrate: the child’s birthday, the children’s wedding, and the parents’ anniversary. Today marks the anniversary of our autonomy, and this is important because we have laid the foundation for further productive and long-term work,” said Vladimir Kim, Chairman of the National Autonomy Council.

It seems that it is impossible to do much in a year, but this is unless you know about the hard work and determination of the Koreans.

The work was colossal, and much of the credit goes to my predecessor Vladimir Ten. We held a lot of events, signed a cooperation agreement with the University of Economics and Management, on the basis of which we will create a center for Korean language and culture. We took part in the People’s Friendship Parade, gathered a team for the “Race of Heroes”, it was hard, of course, but we reached the finish line in full force. We have the power of unity,” said Alexander Du, the newly elected president of the Regional National Autonomy of Koreans of the Republic of Kazakhstan.


Nice for parents

According to Korean customs, when celebrating a child’s birthday, various objects are laid out around him - whatever he reaches for, that’s what he will do. However, the leaders of the Korean national autonomy did not carry out such traditional fortune-telling, because the main task of the organization had already been determined: the revival of ritual culture and language learning.

Koreans have not spoken their native language since 1937 because the Soviet government did not encourage learning it. And I am very glad that now national-cultural autonomies are being created throughout our country to pay tribute to their nation, their traditions and their culture. This is an attempt to revive a language that, unfortunately, has become foreign to us for a long time,” said the famous politician Lyubomir Tyan, who twice held the mandate of a deputy of the State Duma of Russia.

Koreans who attended the holiday believe that it is a little shameful not to know kind words to say something nice to your parents or greet a friend. The General Director of the All-Russian Association of Koreans, Vyacheslav Kim, agrees with them:

Koreans, we believe, are an integral part of Russian culture. And our culture has integrated very well both into Russian and into the culture of other nationalities. Our country is very rich, multicultural and multi-religious, and we are happy to live in it. The best possible conditions have been created for our diaspora for the development of national culture, the revival of customs and language.

The welcoming holiday of the Crimean Koreans demonstrated precisely this mutual cultural enrichment of the peoples of the peninsula in all its breadth. The audience was captivated by the enchanting melodies and leisurely smooth movements of traditional choreography. Like a pleasant dream, “ Saebyeok"("Dawn"), a light breath was felt" Sarane Param"("Wind of Love") performed by dancers in bright national costumes of two wonderful groups "Arirang" and "Kim Gan San". However, Korean culture captivates not only with its tenderness, but also with its amazing firmness: this was demonstrated by the demonstration performances of young Crimean taekwondo athletes.

The diligence and hard work of Koreans is known not only in the cultural life of the peninsula - their farms produce 3-4 harvests a year in the difficult agricultural conditions of northern Crimea.

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The V Congress of the All-Russian Association of Koreans was mainly of an organizational nature: they elected a chairman and council members, discussed changes to the charter and summed up the results of the five-year work of the organization. But the delegates who came to Crimea from all over Russia also touched upon the topic of preserving the identity of the Korean people, language, and traditions.

According to the Crimean newspaper, members of the Korean community love holidays. Photo: Mikhail Gladchuk
Everything according to the protocol

We are an ethnocultural organization, so we did not pursue any political goals by holding the congress in Crimea. But as citizens of Russia, we have a sense of basic civic patriotism. “We want to show solidarity with Crimea, with its inhabitants,” said Vasily Tso, chairman of the All-Russian Association of Koreans, member of the Russian Presidential Council for Interethnic Relations. He noted that there are many ethnic Koreans living on the peninsula who need support and renewal of cultural ties with their historical homeland.

In this regard, serious changes in legislation regarding foreign agents operating in the country were also discussed.

Ethnic organizations whose historical homeland is outside the Russian Federation, of course, can receive foreign support, financial and material, to maintain language and culture - and this is not a reason to register them as foreign agents, Vasily Tso explained the situation.


Looking forward to volunteers

One of the important results of the V All-Russian Congress of Koreans was the election of the chairman of the regional branch of the All-Russian Association of Koreans in the Republic of Kazakhstan, Vladimir Kim, as a member of the board. This makes it possible to represent the interests of Crimean Koreans at a higher level. Plans for the cultural and social development of the organization are now being approved. For example, Crimean Koreans are planning a song festival with the participation of artists and guests from the Southern Federal District.

The country is large, and it is difficult to hold an all-Russian cultural festival - flights are expensive, so the events will be held in federal districts. The first springboard is to hold such a festival in Simferopol in the fall,” said Vladimir Kim.

The Center for Korean Language and Culture continues to operate at the University of Economics and Management, and they promise to resume language courses with Tutu Korean teachers from March.

There are certain volunteer programs. The host party must provide food and accommodation, and volunteers train those interested in various areas. Vasily Ivanovich (Tso. - Ed.) promised to talk with the Embassy of the Republic of Korea and raise this issue, explained Vladimir Kim.

Unfortunately, the sanctions regime imposed on Crimea is preventing the development of many interesting projects. In particular, the creation of a training center based on a greenhouse complex in the village of Medvedevka, Dzhankoy district, was suspended.

At the base, not only Koreans, but any Crimean in general, were supposed to be trained for free in greenhouse farming. “They have the latest technologies,” complains Vladimir Kim.

However, the strong ties that Crimean Koreans established at the congress with their compatriots from other regions of the country open up new ways for the development of culture and doing business.

PETER VOLKOV, KRYO SINMOON (USSURIYSK), 09/19/2012

There is a beautiful and majestic peninsula on the Black Sea, which Homer mentioned. Mesmerizing mountains and forests, free steppes, a fertile resort southern coast, bays, the largest of which is the sea gate of the hero city of Sevastopol and is considered the most convenient in the world for naval ships, numerous palaces of past centuries, monuments of ancient times, which people come to see every year millions of tourists, a wealth of fauna - all this is a reason for great pride for the peoples of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
And representatives of many nationalities live here in peace and harmony: Ukrainians, Russians, Tatars, Armenians, Greeks... There are also Koreans.

For many centuries, the Korean people were under the rule of the Mongols, Chinese, and Japanese. Endless internal strife, wars, and famine forced some Koreans to seek refuge in foreign lands. Some of them ended up on Crimean land. According to the census of the ethnic composition of the population of Crimea, the number of Koreans, for example, in 1926 was only 13 people, and in 1979 it was already 1535, in 1989 - 2423 people. According to the population census conducted in December 2001, there were 2,870 Koreans living in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Now - about 5 thousand.

Much depends on the chairman

Created in March 1995, the Crimean Association of Koreans “Koryo” is one of the most active in Ukraine. And it is no coincidence that the All-Ukrainian festivals of Korean culture “Koreada” have already been held twice in Crimea, which, as is known, require very significant organizational efforts from local branches. Moreover, they were carried out at a high level. And in the autonomous republic itself, as we found out in the Republican Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for Interethnic Relations and Deported Citizens, which oversees the diaspora of the peninsula, the Korean one is among the best. Considerable credit for this, and perhaps even the main one, belongs to the permanent chairman of the association, 40-year-old V.A. Kima. Vladimir Alekseevich was born here, successfully graduated from high school, served in the Army, received a higher economic education at Simferopol State University. M.V. Frunze. He was the head of a department at LLC "Ling-Big" in Simferopol and the company "Apex Crimea", held the positions of director of the company "Bella" and the private enterprise "Tiare-S", then the manager of the executive committee of the Kyiv District Council, also in Simferopol. And for the third year now he has been the first deputy chairman of the Simferopol regional state administration. He enjoys well-deserved authority in the republic, in cities and regions. Energetic, responsible, with a good understanding of people, he managed to select and unite a large group of like-minded people and mobilize them for effective work. Hence the results.

Association and its affairs

Our Crimean Association of Koreans “Koryo” is part of the Association of Koreans of Ukraine and the Crimean Republican Foundation for Interethnic Harmony,” says Vladimir Alekseevich. - In 15 regions of the republic there are primary organizations (I emphasize: they are active!), including in the cities of Simferopol, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Krasnoperekopsk, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Yalta, as well as in Dzhankoysky, Krasnogvardeysky, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Pervomaisky, Simferopol and Soviet districts.

One of the main objectives of the association is to promote the development of economic, trade, cultural and scientific ties between Ukraine and the two Korean states, and strengthen interethnic cooperation in Crimea.

We have developed a program for the national development of Koreans in Crimea, which involves collecting historical information and analyzing the reasons for the migration of Koreans to the peninsula, conducting demographic studies and sociological surveys among ethnic Koreans, and studying the problems of their representation in government and local government.

As part of the educational program, Sunday schools were organized in Dzhankoy, Yevpatoria, Krasnoperekopsk and Simferopol to study the native language, the history of the Korean people, traditions and rituals of national culture. However, I admit: there are enough problems here. The main one is the shortage of qualified Korean language teachers. As for amateur artistic groups, they have been created at almost all lower levels and take an active part in festivals of Korean culture. The Korean folk ensemble from Krasnoperekopsk, for example, traditionally takes prizes among dance groups. Creative groups of the Koryo Association annually give charity concerts.

We celebrate national holidays in an interesting and fun way. We consider the most important of them to be the Sollal holiday - the celebration of the New Year according to the lunar calendar.

Financial support for the ongoing events, and this is a very important factor, is provided from the republican budget through the Republican Committee for Nationalities and Deported Citizens of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, as well as from membership fees and sponsorship funds.

The Association actively participates in all joint events held by republican national and cultural societies. Be it the Crimean Tatar holidays “Khydyrlez” and “Derviza”, the Armenian “Vardavar” or “Eleftheria 2012”, held on June 2 in honor of the 10th anniversary of the Greek community. And, of course, we widely celebrate the Day of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (January 20) - a holiday for all residents of the peninsula.

We maintain close ties with cultural centers of ethnic Koreans in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and cooperate with representatives of religious missions from the Republic of Korea. We have established good contacts with the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Ukraine.

Small but bold

I couldn’t help but ask the chairman about the best grassroots cells of the association.

- I don’t want to single out anyone especially. Everyone works conscientiously. And this is one of the reasons that we are in good standing in Ukraine. Well, if you really insist, tell us about the Evpatoria Koreans. Their leader Florida Caen within a few years she was able to organize the work in such a way that they started talking about it even in Kyiv,” says Vladimir Kim. That's exactly what I did.

For a resort city of 114,000 people, there are only 120 Korean families, which in 2005 united into the cultural-national society “Koreana”. But it’s not for nothing that they say: small, but daring. Thanks to the tireless energy and excellent organizational skills of school No. 1 teacher F.V. Kan, the new public organization quickly gained great authority among the Evpatorians. In addition to studying their native language (the community has its own class in the school, which is attended every Saturday by both adults and children from the second to the ninth grade), culture, and customs of its people, “Koreana” participates in city-wide events, where they perform with great success Children's vocal ensemble and other amateur artists performed Korean folk songs.

Koreans in the city are respected by both the townspeople and the authorities. It was with the support of the City Executive Committee that, for example, the year before last in February, the Days of Korean Culture, dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the creation of the Korean society “Koreana” in the city of Evpatoria, were widely held and long remembered by residents. The day before, the head of the city A.P. Danilenko signed the corresponding decision and allocated the necessary funds. At the beginning of the “days” on February 12, radio “Kalamit” broadcast a program under the heading “We are Crimeans” about the traditions of the national Korean holiday “Sollal” - the new year according to the lunar calendar, and on February 13 the holiday itself took place. An open lesson on Korean language and culture was held at school No. 1. Korean films were shown at the Colosseum cinema. A photo exhibition “The Evpatoria diaspora of Koreans “Koreana” - 5 years old” and an exhibition “What we know about Korea” were organized in the city. There was also a meeting with the Korean writer and poet Kim Hyung Hye, a Korean language teacher, and a volunteer who came from South Korea. At the game library, diaspora activists showed national games. And the “days”, which lasted two weeks, ended with a festive concert on the occasion of the anniversary of “Koreana” in the so-called Pink Hall, where city ceremonial events usually take place, and an exhibition-tasting of dishes of Korean national cuisine.

Remember the feat of the partisans

Events related to the hard times of war are also held in Crimea. Our newspaper has already reported on the publication in Moscow of the book “Soviet Koreans on the Fronts of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945,” in which, for the first time in the historiography of the Great Patriotic War, Korean studies in Russia and the CIS countries, biographical sketches were published about 372 Soviet Koreans who fought against the German invaders. This significant work was prepared for publication by a team of authors from the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Dmitry Shin and Valentin Tsoi, led by the authoritative historian-researcher Boris Pak. Two copies of this publication were transferred to the Crimea, to the fund of the Razdolnensky central regional library, which served as the reason for the presentation of the unique collection. Moreover, this book contains a chapter dedicated to the family of underground partisans Kim, who lived in the Ak-Sheikh (now Razdolnensky) region during the war. A street in the village and several villages in the region was named in honor of partisan Anton Kim.

The Kim family did a lot to undermine German power in Razdolnoye. The elder brother Alexander was the leader of the underground group in the region, his wife Anna Petrovna and his mother Ekaterina Khvan helped him, two brothers went to the front. The younger brother, Komsomol underground member Anton Kim, carried out important tasks, sailed across the Karkinitsky Gulf, delivered intelligence data to headquarters, and transported weapons and ammunition back. On February 28, 1944, Anton Kim, commander of the sabotage and subversive group "Spartak", while rescuing scouts, diverted the attention of punitive forces and died while performing a combat mission. Already dead, the Nazis arranged a meeting between the mother and her son. But she had the willpower to withstand this torture and answer that this was not her son. Despite the fact that the gendarmerie failed to get his mother and older brother to confess to identifying Anton’s corpse, the gendarmes shot Alexander and threw his body into a well. Four sons were blessed by their mother for a just cause. And all four - Alexey, Andrey, Alexander and Anton - gave their lives for the sake of Victory.

Librarian Galina Novikova and her colleague Nadezhda Alyaeva told those gathered at the presentation about this and much more, who provided great assistance in preparing the book by collecting information about the family of the Kim brothers, active participants in the partisan movement in Crimea.

The presentation was also attended by activists of the Korean diaspora Galina Yun and Alexandra Khan from Dzhankoy, who also took part in collecting information for the book in their region. Speaking, they expressed gratitude to the workers of the regional library for the research work and emphasized the importance of historical justice in relation to all those who died on the battlefields with the Nazis.

As the Korean poet Lee Eun-nyong wrote in one of his poems: “The star will shine, the flowers will bloom, and people will live in peace.” Crimean Koreans have long adopted these wonderful words and are directing their activities towards the mutual enrichment of cultures of neighboring peoples, preserving national identity, promoting peace and harmony in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.