Entertaining tasks for Russian lessons
Working with dictionary words.
Working with vocabulary words is mandatory in every Russian language lesson. This work can be made more effective and interesting.
I write down 10 previously studied vocabulary words on the board and read them syllable by syllable. I give the guys 1 minute to memorize. I close the board and give 2 minutes for the children to write down (not necessarily in order) and count the number of words written down (the number is written in the margins of the notebook). Then I open the board and the guys check themselves or by mutual checking (quantity and literacy are important). For 9-10 correctly written words I give 5. for 8 correctly written words or 9, but with 1 error - 4, for 7 correct or 8 with 1 error - 3.
Solving crossword puzzles with vocabulary words. Sometimes children themselves prepare such crossword puzzles.
Crossword No. 1 . After solving the crossword puzzle, in the highlighted line you will receive a new vocabulary word (numeral) that needs to be declined.
1. A book with a list of all the days of the year (calendar).
2. A group of pack animals (caravan).
3. An old, experienced warrior, war participant (veteran).
4. The gaseous shell surrounding the Earth, some other planets and stars (atmosphere).
5. Officer rank or rank (lieutenant).
6. Elevation for the speaker (tribune)
The result is a numeral two hundred.
Crossword No. 2. Guess new vocabulary words, write them down, make up word combinations.
1. Living space in a house with a separate entrance (apartment).
2. An urgent message sent by telephone (telegram).
3. Dance performance in the theater (ballet).
4. Rank of the highest command staff of the army (general).
In the phrase Railway the main word is road. (1)
We check and sort out errors.
Letter dictation.
This work can be used if you need to quickly remember what a subject and predicate are.
Assignment: Write down the first letters of the grammatical stem in order.
Moscow m highways O illuminated all night.
L yonka quickly O looked and d pulled the girl's pigtail.
Lesnaya e Chewberry ts scratched my hand.
The result was the word WELL DONE.
You can select sentences such that the result is: a) a word for further analysis; b) topic of the lesson; c) a vocabulary word.
The educational process includes various types of activities, and each of them in its own way educates and activates students, develops their independence, memory, attention, creative thought, and general outlook. In my opinion, in Russian language lessons it is necessary to more often use such types of activities that attract children and are familiar to them - i.e. GAMES.
Game is the main activity of primary schoolchildren, but it can be successfully used when teaching middle and high school students; it is only important, based on the purpose of the lesson, to find the form of the game, organically weave it into the fabric of the lesson in order to facilitate the assimilation of the material and develop creative possibilities children.
Many didactic games and exercises can be used when studying the topic “Vocabulary”.
1. Game "Translator". There are several variations of this game.
1. Who will find foreign words faster and replace them with Russian ones?
A) The inspection revealed many defects. B) He is writing memoirs. C) Your arguments are convincing. D) Everyone worked with enthusiasm. e) We are proud of our goalkeeper.
2. Who will find Old Slavonicisms faster and replace them with Russian words?
A) Fresh cheeks glow with a blush. B) The old man frowned. B) A great city was built over the Neva.
2. Game "Shifters".
1. Replace the main word in the phrase so that the dependent word is used in a figurative meaning.
An iron nail, a rosy-cheeked girl, a curly-haired baby, a sleeping beauty, a sweet pie, a deaf dog, a steel beam, a gold watch, a prickly hedgehog.
2. Replace the synonym in each pair of words with an antonym, and the antonym with a synonym.
Sadness, longing, joy. Gloom, darkness, light. Near, far, near. Brave, coward, daredevil. Praise, blame, approval. Heat, cold, heat. Lies, truth, fiction.
3. Game "Rank".
Arrange the synonyms in ascending order of the attribute.
Fierce, tough, fierce, merciless, heartless, evil (enemy).
Insulting, offensive, harsh, rude, tactless (act).
The didactic game gives good results in combination with other methods.
Game "Auction".
During the time allotted by the teacher, students write down as many words (pairs of words, phraseological units) on a specific topic as possible.
Who will make up more pairs of antonyms and synonyms?
Who can write down more words with two or three soft consonants?
Who can write down more phraseological units in which the word appears head (eyes) or number seven.
Who can write down more nouns (adjectives, participles) in which it is NOT a prefix.
Relay game "Chick and Shick".
The class is divided into teams that correspond to options (first and second). One of the teams is conventionally called CHIC, and the second is Shchik. The teams are given a piece of paper where words with missing letters in the suffixes - chik - and - schik- are written down, separated by commas. At the teacher's command, the relay race begins. Each student finds one word with the required suffix and fills in the gap with the letter “ch” or “sch”, depending on his option. The team whose sheet gets to the teacher’s desk faster gets 20 points, the second 10. Each mistake made is minus 1 point. The team that scores wins large quantity points.
It is more convenient to start the relay race from the last desk in the row farthest from the teacher.
Game "Complete the words."
The class is divided into two teams (or in rows, each student recovers one word). Purpose of the game: to practice spelling skills for deaf and voiced people in front of the deaf.
Installation: This morning I received sea mail, and it, as you know, arrives by water in a bottle. Some of the words are blurry and I can't read them. Help me restore my words.
Shka zhka
Shka zhka
Shka zhka
Shka zhka
Shka zhka
Shka zhka
Fairy tale game. "Tin soldiers".
Each word has only one stress. Don't break the word with stress. Stress helps you speak, write and correct mistakes correctly. Read the story and put emphasis on the highlighted words.
Along the wall stretched long shelves. stood on them shelves tin soldiers. They stood at attention. Ahead is a mustachioed commander on horseback. Luke 1 patterned saddle is curved like Luke. But here arrows It showed eight o'clock. Dashing arrows They raised their guns and a unanimous volley was heard. Cannons fired, and whites rose over the field guns Dymkov. Morning has come.
Luka1 - the protruding bend of the front or rear edge of the saddle.
Find identically written words and explain how to know that they are different?
Development of a sense of humor and imagination.
Let us dwell on one more way to form schoolchildren’s interest in the subject. This is an appeal to humor in Russian language lessons and the teacher’s desire to develop children’s imagination.
Almost every child has a keen sense of the funny and the comic. Even in what an adult considers a dramatic situation, a student can see a humorous detail that causes a smile or even laughter, which is understandable only to his peers. This was subtly noticed in the book “From Two to Five” and by V. Dragunsky in the humorous “Deniska’s Stories”.
1. Humor is a great helper in the most different situations. Let's look at some of them.
Days go by, and each Monday can be more stressful than the previous one. I support children with a humorous poem by M. Weizmann
Monday is a fun day.
The school windows are on fire, | Let's not offend him! | It promises a lot of worries, |
Spring water glistens. | We are happy with this day! | But also light and warmth. |
Is Monday a hard day? | We'll see something again | It starts from him |
We will never believe it! | Let's understand something again! | All good things. |
If only they took me into the forest.
3. Spelling GENDER - with nouns.
Unpronounceable consonants.
1. There are consonants such as V, D, T, L.
Not heard in all words,
But they are needed everywhere.
To know where to write them,
We need to check the word.
Sad
Sad - sadness,
I won't be sad.
Sad - I won’t forget the “T”.
It's late - let's check, we're late,
They wrote “D” in the word late.
We don’t hear the “L” in the word sun.
Let's write sun in the word.
Star
Star - check the star.
Star – always write “D”.
Hello
You can’t hear the “V” in the word hello,
Let's check your health with a word.
We wish you all health
And don’t forget the “B” in the word hello.
4. To create a comic effect at the morphological level, morphological errors are most often played out in modern children's poems.
Laughter | Microbe |
Even though I laughed the quietest of all, | (from the poems of a talented loser) |
But he slid under his desk laughing. | Flies don't wash their hands - |
Because silent laughter | And the bellies of flies hurt, |
The most powerful of all laughter. | Because into their wombs |
(O. Grigoriev) | Germs are picked up. |
After all, a microbe too, baby, |
|
Rarely washes hands with soap! |
|
(S. Vostokov). |
The use of “fun” material can be associated with a learning task, for example, riddles - laconic and bright - are an excellent didactic tool. Making riddles is not only and not so much a game as a positive background against which an educational task is solved.
We'll listen to riddles | The difficult task is: |
But let's write down only guesses, | And guess the riddles |
And then we'll read the answers. | And write it down without errors. |
1. Not a bush, but with leaves, | 2. Who always walks |
Not a shirt, but sewn, | Can't find a place? |
Not a person, but a story (book). | |
3. Worth Egorka | 4. I stood in the field, |
In a red yarmulke, | I rested in the bags, |
Who won't pass | Sat in the oven |
He gives every bow. (strawberry) | He fed people. (bread) |
5. Iron horse with gasoline, | 6. The box dances on its knees, |
Rubber shod. (automobile) | Sometimes he sings, sometimes he cries loudly. (harmonic) |
7. Past the grove, past the ravine | 8. I blink my eyes |
It rushes without smoke, it rushes without steam | Tirelessly day and night; |
Locomotive sister. | And I help cars, |
Who is she? (train) | And I want to help you. (traffic light) |
Assignment: in the answers, highlight the “mistakeable places”, create phrases or sentences with them, or perform analysis.
Tongue Twisters.
My first syllable is a preposition
The sign of agreement is my second syllable,
My third syllable is evil fate,
All together - we get it on holiday.
(present)
The first syllable is needed to measure a circle,
The second two together mean “century”.
In general - firearms,
It would be better if no person owned it.
(gun)
So the crow screamed -
We heard the beginning.
In the swamp - completion.
Overall, it’s a master’s creation.
(painting)
A special type of charade is a type of puzzle called " Why don't they say...?" A word is selected that can be divided into parts so that a grammatically correct phrase or sentence is obtained, for example: new settler new donkey. Then each of the words included in the resulting phrase is replaced with another that has the same grammatical characteristics and is associated with the original one in meaning (synonym, antonym, etc.), for example: new old, donkey donkey. The riddle is ready. It is offered in this form: Why don't they say« old donkey"? Answer: Because they say« new settler" Examples of such charades:
Why don't they say:
wizard yes you are? (magic)
barn ceiling? (half)
ate while spinning? (pill)
she quilted? (foam rubber)
after chess? (bit)
Alongside charades is a type of puzzle that can roughly be called “ two in one": it is proposed to add another word to this word so that the whole word also becomes a word, for example: gender... gender wasp , bar... bar bitches ,... window ox window,... stranded punishment stranded For this type of charade, not any words are used, but nouns in the nominative case.
In some cases, it is possible to select another word for a whole group of words so that, when placed in front or behind each word from the group, it would form a new word together with it, for example:
Word in words- this can be called a whole series of puzzles, the essence of which is that a word (usually a noun in the nominative case) is “hidden” in other words. There are several varieties of this series.
Beginnings and endings. It is proposed to find a word that would also serve as the end of the word for the letters in the front and the beginning of the word for the letters in the back, for example:
i.e. we get three words: bow, heel, basket;
A word can be "hidden" in the middle of another word. Usually it is suggested to find several words in which the same word is “hidden”. For example, the word mouth can be found in words such as mole, grotto, company, dart, gate, captain, orphan and so on.
A word can “hide” at the junction of other words. A text is compiled in which the beginning of the searched word coincides with the end of one word of the text, and the end coincides with the beginning of the next word, for example, in a sentence Angle, oval, circle - this is geometric figures you can detect the word head. To encrypt a word, more than two words can be used, for example, the word Portugal can be summed up in four words: Tomorrow I'm going to the airport, I won't stay long at Galya's.
Another way to “hide” one word in another is to find a word in which the letters of another, shorter word are located in in the right order, but with possible interruption by other letters. The task is usually to find several words with the same given “hidden” word. For example, the word mole can be found in words such as resort, croquet, beauty, fortress, speed, foxtrot, partridge, brevity, electric stove.
Rebus(from Latin rebus, literally “by things, objects; with the help of things, objects”) - a way of conveying a word or phrase in the form of pictures in combination with letters and signs. Now we perceive the rebus only as a puzzle that brightens up our leisure time. Meanwhile, the principle of sound rebus played an important role in the history of the development of writing, when instead of a concept that was difficult to depict with the help of a drawing, a similar-sounding but objectively unrelated concept was drawn.
To solve modern puzzles, you need to know some rules:
1. The names of all drawn objects must be read in the nominative case. For example:
Some drawings can be interpreted (“read”) in different ways. This is the main difficulty in solving puzzles. You need to select a reading that is appropriate in meaning. So, sign 1 in the rebus R 1 A reads as “one”: MOTHERLAND, and in the rebus Sh 1 A as "count": SCHOOL.
2. If there are commas to the left of the picture, then you need to discard the first letters of the word (as many letters as there are commas). If commas are to the right of the picture, the last letters should be discarded.
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3. If there are numbers above the picture, then the letters must be read in the order indicated by the numbers.
4. If a crossed out letter is shown above the picture, it means that this letter must be removed from the resulting word.
5. If there is another letter next to the crossed out letter or an arrow is used to show the transition from one letter to another, then you need to replace the letter in the word.
6. If a letter is inserted above the picture between the numbers, this means that this letter must be inserted into the resulting word between the letters standing in the places indicated by the numbers.
7. If the picture is turned upside down, then the word corresponding to the picture must be read from right to left.
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10. If the image of one letter is made up of another letter repeated many times, then we read like this:
11. If the letters are standing next to each other and holding hands together, we read like this:
12. If one letter is located next to another, read like this:
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14. If one letter is located on top of another, then different readings are possible. This relative arrangement of letters can be conveyed using the prepositions “on”, “above”, “under”. Examples:
15. If one letter is depicted in front of another (accordingly, this other appears behind the first), then readings with the prepositions “for” or “before” are possible.
Pun(from the French calembour) – a play on words; a joke based on the same sound, but different meaning words Often these words are spelled differently.
Puns are widely used by writers and poets, for example:
You puppies, follow me!
It will suit you
Look, don't talk,
Otherwise I’ll beat you up.
(A. Pushkin)
Don't show off, buddy,
That you have an excess of topics.
We know the works
Where the best themes died.
(S. Shevtsov)
One day the cat crept up to the parrot:
“Now, brother, I’ll scare you...”
But the parrot from the cage shouted: “Scram!”
Like a gray cat, a lynx would run away here!
(Ya. Kozlovsky)
Many joke riddles are based on puns:
Why does a man walk and a turtle crawl?
(On the ground.)
Why does a hunter carry a gun?
(Behind the shoulders.)
Whose head is expensive?
(At the cow.)
When are dresses made from grass?
(When they are wrinkled.)
When is a person a tree?
(When he is awake.)
Three calves. How many legs will there be?
(No matter how many three calfs there are, they will have four legs.)
and entertaining tasks
in Russian language lessons.
One of the most effective means, capable of arousing interest in Russian language classes, is a didactic game. The goal of the game is to awaken interest in knowledge, science, books, and learning. At primary school age, the game takes important place in child development. When children are included in a didactic game situation, interest in educational activities increases sharply, the material being studied becomes more accessible to them, and their performance increases significantly.
After all, the fact that play is part of the educational process is no secret to anyone. The game helps the formation of phonemic perception of words, enriches the child with new information, activates mental activity, attention, and most importantly, stimulates speech. As a result, children develop an interest in the Russian language. Not to mention the fact that didactic games in the Russian language contribute to the formation of spelling vigilance in younger schoolchildren.
Over the course of several years of work in primary school I have observed that Russian language classes do not always arouse interest among students. Some children find it a boring subject. Reluctance to study the Russian language gives rise to illiteracy. How to arouse interest in classes, how to improve writing literacy
I will give some didactic games and gaming techniques that I use in my lessons.
When studying the topic “Declension nouns" II suggest different kinds works that interest children. Heresome of them:
"Who I?" - write down as many nouns as possibleYou can call yourself or others call you. For example: son, Vanya, student,handsome, smart, grandson, etc. It is advisable to use words from different declinations.
"Anagrams" - “collect” a word from the letters of each line, highlight superfluous.
horse
r e t s a s sister
a n s e in spring
l i m z e land
The extra word “horse” is 3 declension, the remaining words are 1 declension. (Words can be grouped by various signs: topic, declension, gender, part of speech,certain spellings).
"Cryptographer". The teacher reads a poem or text where there islisting objects (nouns in different cases), children infor a short period of time (3-5 seconds), when the teacher pauses,marked with an icon, a simple drawing as a “knot for memory”heard and then reproduced. This is the pictogram method. Then,Using “ciphers”, children write down in a notebook as they remember.
For example: “Make a spy report on when and what Mukha bathed in -
chnstyukha from a poem by Jan Brzechwa.
The teacher reads
Once upon a time there lived a Clean Fly.
Mukha was swimming all the time.
She swam on Sunday
In excellent strawberry jam,
On Monday in cherry liqueur,
Tuesday in tomato sauce...
It doesn’t matter what badges the children will use, the main thing is that theseicons and drawings helped them remember and reproduce what they heard. Of course, these drawings will be different for everyone, because everyone has their own associations anddifferent development of thinking, memory...
“This is the garden.” An inept gardener mixed up all the seeds and sowed themand this is what grew:
cucumber, tomato, radish, garlic, asparagus, turnip.
bottle, sorrel.
Find familiar plants by guessing them in these thickets, and plant them according to the rules in the beds of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd declination. (Usedpoem by N. Konchalovskaya).A homework It could be like this: come up with the names of miracle plants or unusual animals, similar to the words from the task.
When studying the topic “Adjective” in 4th grade, I usethese types of work:
Game "Fairy - Witch".
Two teams. One says adjectives -Fen’s words (how she would like to see children - kind, cheerful...), and
another command - the words of the Witch (what children should be like according to
Witches are pugnacious, sloppy, etc.). The team wins
who had the last word.
Options: “What kind of weather does the Fairy like, what kind does the Witch like?” "What colourclothes of a Fairy, what kind of a Witch?”
“What am I?”
- list what you are like in your own opinion and in the eyes of
those around you.
Options : “Which friend of mine? ", "What is my mother like? » etc.
"Snow White and the Dwarves."
Snow White moved in with the dwarves and noticed that
they are all different, I wrote this down in my notebook so as not to forget. Here you are
write down and complete seven adjectives: Dwarves have different characters:
..., And they have caps different colors: .... And they love jam
different: ..., .,
"Forbidden word"
Tell a poem, replacing
adjectives with the syllables “la”, maintaining a rhythmic pattern.
For example: “My cheerful, ringing ball, where did you start galloping” - “My la-
la-la, la-la ball..."
The text of the poem may be written on the board, or the poem used was learned in a reading lesson, or a well-known children's song (such as "The Grasshopper"“Smiles”, etc.), and prohibited words can be both nouns andVerbs. You need to tell the poem before the first mistake. The one who manages not to make a mistake the longest wins.
"Who is this? What is this?"
Based on the listed characteristics of adjectives, guess the person, animal,
item. The student who gives the most successful characteristics wins
subject.
Option - a group of children are given pictures; without showing them, they name adjectives - signs of the depicted object. Whenthe item is guessed, the picture is shown.
When studying the topic “Prepositions with pronouns” we play the game:"Translators".
Given words: verb + preposition + pronoun in initial form. Need to make upand write down the phrase. For example: came to (I) - ... stayed with (they) -...
Or: “translate” the riddle and guess it: “You are for (she), she is from (you). She is for (you),you are from (her).” (You follow her - she is from you. She is behind you - you are from her.)
The following types of work can be carried out when studying the topic “Verb”:
“Look, don’t be naughty!” Imagine that you grew up, became dads and mothers. What you will tell your child when leaving for work (visiting, etc.) thathe shouldn't do. (“Not” with verbs.)
“What do I like to do?” "What I do not like do?" (When studying the indefinite form of a verb, we write mini-stories.)
"Mail". Students write notes to each other on pieces of paper indicatingaction that the recipient must perform. The teacher-postman delivers mail. Children read, perform the action, the rest determine the verb denoting the action, its conjugation and write it in the third personsingular. (Notes are usually written at home and submitted before class teacher.)
"Tasks
For
Cinderella."
Imagine yourself as Cinderella's stepmother.
Continue her speech: “You will go to the ball if...” (When studying the topic “b
at the end of second person singular verbs").
"Who what
does?
Groups of words are given: nouns denoting
professions (for example: artist, driver, blacksmith, salesman, teacher,
doctor...) and verbs (for example: signals, draws, forges, weighs, counts, knocks, treats, etc.). Children choose a noun, the teacher dictatesverbs, and students write down the ones they need, defineconjugation and endings of verbs.
The proposed methods are developmental in nature, thereby realizing the leading goal primary education. It transfers the student from the state of an object of learning to a subject of studying educational material. The student learns according to his abilities, he develops interest, a feeling of satisfaction, and a desire to work.
Of course, mastering something new is a complex and contradictory process. Any methods and techniques only become effective when they are naturally woven into an already established methodological system, accepted by the teacher and tested in practice.
This article describes the methodology for studying untested unstressed vowels, unpronounceable consonants, paired voiced and voiceless consonants, words with the combinations zhi-shi, cha-sha, chu-shu, and also describes exercises aimed at enriching vocabulary children. The results obtained confirmed high efficiency this technique. At the same time, students’ horizons broaden, their speech skills improve, and their logical thinking, which, in turn, contributes to the strength of assimilation of the material.
Unchecked unstressed vowels
1. Games "10 OS"
Os- - a
There is gilding on this wasp in October,
Os- - a
And this one grows in a meadow near a swamp,
- os-a
This one has green needles on its paws,
- os - - - a-
It's dangerous to play games on this one,
- os - - - a - -
This wasp flies to the moon,
- os - - - - a
This one loses weight and melts in the sun,
- - os - - - - a - -
This wasp is sold in a bottle,
- os - - - a
This one is afraid of mustard and a fork,
- os - a
The baby sleeps in the cradle with this one,
- o - s - - - - a
This one sneaks around the class like a mouse.
Answer: aspen, sedge, pine, pavement, astronaut, icicle, curdled milk, sausage, pacifier, hint.
2. “Field of Miracles”
Some letters are already open. The rest is up to you. Unravel and write down the proverb about winter.
D - ka- - - - o - - - - - - - - , and z - mun - - - on - - .
Answer: December ends the year and begins winter.
3. “Three Magpies.”
Three chatty magpies
Visited with various birds,
Filling out the lines with letters,
Guess who the magpies are with
We ate jam and drank coffee.
Don't forget what's hidden
There is only a bird in each line
1.Co- - - - -
- - - - ro - - -
2.Co - -
- - ro - a
- - - - - - - ka
3.Co- - -
- - ro - - -
Ka - - - - - - -
Answer:
Nightingale, lark, cockatoo.
Owl, crow, quail.
Falcon, sparrow, canary.
4. Charades.
The first is a note, the second is also,
And the whole thing looks like a bean. (Beans)
The first is a preposition, the second is summer house,
And the whole thing is sometimes difficult to solve. (Task).
5. “Vocabulary Dominoes.”
The game can be made from vocabulary words for any grade level. To do this, you need to cut out 28 cards with a size of 5x8 cm. Words with a missing letter are written in the upper part of the cards, and only letters that were missing in other words are written in the lower part. The children's task is to substitute for the word with the missing letter a card with a picture of the letter that is needed in this word. The student who has a card with the word “Motherland” goes first. Dominoes can be made on any theme.
6. Graphic associations.
The essence of the method is to see the similarity of the shapes of letters and objects. Children make their own drawings, which can be done directly in their notebooks during lessons.
Try these techniques! You have no idea how interesting and exciting this is!
Unpronounceable consonants
There are consonants such as V, D, T, L.
Not heard in all words,
But they are needed everywhere.
To know where to write them,
We need to check the word.
Sad
Sad - sadness,
I won't be sad.
Sad - “T” I won’t forget.
Late
It's late - let's check, we're late,
They wrote “D” in the word late.
Sun
We don’t hear the “L” in the word sun.
Let's write sun in the word.
Star
Star - check the star.
Star - always write “D”.
Hello
You can’t hear the “V” in the word hello,
Let's check your health with a word.
We wish you all health
And don’t forget the “B” in the word hello.
Puzzles.
Day and night it knocks
It's like it's a routine.
It will be bad if suddenly
This knocking will stop. (Heart)
What is higher than the forest, more beautiful than light, and burns without fire? (Sun)
When I'm lying on my back,
There is no use for me
But put me against the wall -
I'll find something to do right away. (Ladder).
Spelling of hissing zhi-shi, cha-sha, chu-shu
1. Riddles
She had a drink in her mouth, she lived under water.
She scared everyone, swallowed everyone, and now she has fallen into the cauldron. (Pike)
They live on the roof
Cats love them very much. (Mice)
Wild rose with bright red berries. (Rose hip).
Knocking, knocking all day long
Not afraid of anyone.
he thinks the whole century,
But not a person. (Watch)
Dishes with a long nose and a round tail. (Kettle).
2. Replace with one word.
A ruminant with a very long neck. (Giraffe).
60 minutes (Hour).
Dense frequent forest. (Thicket).
Paired voiced and voiceless consonants
1. Charades.
With a dull consonant I pour into the field,
With the ringing one - I myself am ringing in the expanse. (Spike - voice).
With the deaf - she cuts the grass,
With a voiced sound, it eats the leaves. (Scythe - goat).
With “m” - pleasant, golden, very sweet and fragrant.
It happens with the letter “l” in winter, but disappears in spring. (Honey - ice).
With a dull hissing round like a ball,
With a sonorous sound, it’s like hot fire. (Ball - heat).
2. Game "Chain".
One of the students names a word with a voiced or unvoiced consonant, and the person sitting next to him names a test word. For example: each other, tooth - teeth, etc.
3.Riddles.
He walked and walked without roads.
Where he walked, he lay down.
I lay there until spring,
And then he ran away.
(snow)
Without boasting, I will say:
I will make all my friends younger!
Despondent people come to me -
With wrinkles, with folds,
They are leaving very nice,
Fun and smooth!
So I'm a reliable friend
Electric... (iron).
What a miracle! It's tasteful
Can eat dust and debris!
And it buzzes like a hundred wasps,
Hard worker... (vacuum cleaner).
I say to my brother: - Oh!
Peas are falling from the sky!
What an eccentric,” the brother laughs, “
Your peas are... (hail).
This beast is familiar to you -
Eats mice, drinks milk.
But he doesn't look like a cat
Covered in long spines... (hedgehog).
He walks with his head up,
Not because he’s an important count,
Not because of a proud disposition,
But because he... (giraffe).
Now I'm in a cage, now I'm in a line.
Be able to write about them!
You can also draw.
What am I? (notebook)
Spelling of voiced and voiceless consonants at the end of a word
If I pull the rope, the mountain will rise. (Camel).
The old joker doesn't tell you to stand on the street,
It makes me want to go home. (Freezing).
He's following you
At least it stays in place. (Track).
Spelling of voiced and voiceless consonants before consonants
Born in the forest, lives in the forest. (Boat).
Stuffed with down, it lies under the ear. (Pillow).
On one side there is a forest, and on the other there is a field. (Coat).
4. Crossword.
Replace with one word.
A ruminant with a very long neck. (Giraffe).
What is a person's most valuable possession? (Life).
60 minutes (Hour).
Dense frequent forest. (Thicket).
Predatory fish with sharp teeth. (Pike).
What are heavy frying pans made of? (Cast iron).
Animals that carry food on their backs. (Hedgehogs).
Exercises to enrich children's vocabulary
1. Replace with one word of 4 letters:
Buddy - +. , opponent - + ,
Soldier - +, work - +, walking - +. (Answers: friend, enemy, warrior, business, go)
2. Find the hidden word.
Stable (lion), fishing rod (daughter), scythe (wasp), pillar (table), crack (spruce).
3. Guess the word.
K - r - n d - sh (pencil), d - g - r n - y (duty), l - s t - p - d (leaf fall), z - m - sh k - (winter).
Conclusion.
Games, riddles, crosswords, charades, and puzzles teach children to think figuratively, compare, find differences, and transform one object into another. Sometimes students have an independent spontaneous need to come up with an image to remember the spelling of a difficult word. In addition to all this, schoolchildren develop great attention to the word, its structure, and composition. They see the word from different sides, learn to think and reason about it. Errors may also occur during work, but with skillful direction of the thought process, everything is easily eliminated, and the truth is born in a dispute.
O.Yu. SHKATOVA,
School No. 3, Borisoglebsk
Game tasks in Russian lessons
It has long been known that knowledge acquired without interest, not colored by one’s own positive attitude, emotions, do not become useful - it is a dead weight. The use of game moments in Russian language and literature lessons awakens interest in the subject, makes it exciting, loved and necessary. How more interesting for a child
, the stronger his knowledge. Cook and carry out non-standard lessons
- a troublesome matter, but this form deserves attention if the teacher is creative in his work.
PHONETICS . Exercise 1.
Which sounds are more important - vowels or consonants - for understanding speech?
Draw a conclusion. Try to read these words
k-r-nd-sh
s-ml-
w-v-tn- -p-st-l-s
Oooh
(cow)
-o-a- (school)
-o-o-a (girlfriend). Choose paired words that differ only in the deafness/voicing of one of the two consonants. Who is faster?
1st option
bark, shine, live, house, pity, pass, dew, steam, plump, daughter.
2nd option
goat, ear, prank, stake, yours, drink, evil, fishing rod, tower, guest.
Task 3. Choose words that differ only in the softness/hardness of the consonants. The teacher calls the hard version, and the students call the soft one.
Small - ..., nose - ..., current - ..., onion - ..., soap - ..., bald - ..., cart - ..., was - ..., howled - ..., ardor - ..., angle - ... .
Task 4. Arrange the words in three columns like this:
1. letters > sounds;
2. letters< звуков;
3. letters = sounds.
Yula, sewing, coal, her, nightingales, line, entrance, thawed, story, stump, bridge, family.
Task 5. From the names of which letters can you cook food?
To – ka;
w– sha.
The names of which two letters make up an entire era?
R– er and A.
Task 6. Phonetic relay race.
Each child receives a task card. There is a table with card numbers on the board.
Everyone, having solved their problem, enters the number of the correct answer in the required column. The row that finishes first and has no errors wins.. Task 7.
1st option
Collect a bouquet
Collect flowers in a bouquet whose names contain only hard sounds.
2nd option
Collect flowers in a bouquet that have at least one soft sound in their name.
Chicory, rose, chamomile, lilac, lily of the valley, aster, narcissus, nasturtium, rosehip, bellflower, honeysuckle, ranunculus.
PHRASEOLOGY
Crosswords
Do you know the proverbs? 1. The word is ... and silence is golden.
(silver) 2. Maybe something won’t go well....
(they will bring it) 3. Kind... and the cat is pleased.
(word) 4. Business..., time for fun.
(time) 5. Where it is thin, there....
(tears) 6. Kopek... protects.
(ruble) 7. One with a bipod, and... with a spoon.
(seven)
Crossword puzzle for the lesson based on the story “Vasyutkino Lake” by Viktor Astafiev 1. “We have no luck today,” grumbled Vasyutkin’s grandfather...
(Athanasius). 2. The fishermen went far into the lower reaches... and finally stopped.
(Yenisei) 3. “..., our nurse, doesn’t like flimsy people!” - he remembered the words of his father and grandfather
(taiga). 4. “Vasyutka recognized the bot’s foreman by his voice and funny Ukrainian accent....
("Igarets") 5. Last name of the author of the story.
(Astafiev) 6. He immediately saw a large black bird rising from the ground - ....
(grouse) 7. Vasyutka decided to spend the night on the shore....
(lakes) 8. Vasyutka raised his head. At the very top of an old disheveled spruce I saw....
(nutcracker)
Such games can be used in final lessons on the topics: “Synonyms”, “Antonyms”, “Phraseologisms”, “Foreign words”, “One-part sentences”. Each pair of students receives one card, which they fill in with tokens. Each child, listening to the proposed options, automatically remembers huge number synonyms, antonyms, phraseological units that are stored in the corners of memory in order to come to the rescue at the right time.
SPELLING
Travel lessons, fairy tale lessons
PHONETICS. The class goes on a trip. The teacher tells an interesting story, including tasks in the story.
On our way there is a marshy swamp, here and there we can see bumpy words, but not everything can be stepped on. Words in which it is written b Words in which it is written , – traps.
You only need to write out the bump words without
.
If you make a mistake, you will drown. Be careful.
-o-o-a (girlfriend)
Jumble_, hot_, backhand_, baked_, trifle_, cut off_, back_, admiring_, viscous_, odorous_, lily of the valley_, galloping_, settling down, hut_.
Ahead is a dense forest, teeming with wild animals and snakes. O.
If you insert the doubled consonants correctly, we will overcome this obstacle.
Ka(s,ss)eta, ba(l,ll)ans, mi(s,ss)iya, ga(l,ll)reya, pa(s,ss)ivny, pa(s,ss)azhir, e( f,ff)ect, go(l,ll)iya, ba(s,ss)ein, a(p,pp)etit, a(p,pp)atiya, te(r,rr)itoria, te(r, rr)a(s,ss)a, ko(r,rr)respondent, ka(r,rr)icature. We are at the labyrinth, but the path will be opened by the one who collects all the rings lost here by the princess..
Write down the words with a missing letter A?
Rosy-cheeked, clear, well-spoken, major, sh_v, sh_lk, groom, condensed, canvas, cheap, conductor, hand burn, more, glutton, shoulder, hot, gooseberry.
Task 3
. The one who completes the table correctly will pass the maze.
Where
1. R_stov 2. water_sli?
3. r_stock
4. age
Where
eWrite down the words with a missing letter O?
1. burn
2. Tuesday
3. pick up
4. shitWrite down the words with a missing letter 1. in vain?
2. look at
3. z_rnitsa
4. rage
And1. R_stov 1. lock up?
2. age
3. die
4. bl_stet
O
1. float_wok
2. emission
While working on topics such as “Declination of nouns”, “Conjugation of verbs”, “Classes of adjectives, pronouns”, I use a ball in the lesson. I throw a ball to someone in the class and name the verb, the student catches the ball and names the conjugation or aspect of this verb. Such a game activates the entire class, awakens interest, and makes even those who are used to sitting behind their friends perk up, because the children do not know to whom the ball will fly and what verb the teacher will pronounce.
Task 4. Third wheel.
Find a word that does not correspond to a certain rule, part of speech, meaning, form, etc.
Lemon, pocket, straw;
hot, powerful, crying;
wet, damp, dry;
cut, backhand, hide.
Vocabulary relay races
They are carried out only after repeated work on vocabulary words. This is a kind of vocabulary dictation. Children write down difficult words in your workbook. In addition, each child writes three words on a common card, passing it along the row. Children try not to make mistakes so as not to let their friends down, because...
The score for the card is given to the entire row.
PHONETICS. VOCABULARY
Codebreaker Competition, or Restorer Competition.
Make up phrases with the given words so that the meaning of the words becomes clear. A TO O company... – to
company,
subscriber - subscription, A hang up e nal – finished
ny,
-o-o-a (girlfriend) . mislaid - mislaid. Restore the page Explanatory dictionary
. Write down the terms correctly, based on the explanatory article. 1. ... – steel frame of reinforced concrete structures.
(rebar) 2. ... shows that railway track free.
(semaphore) 3. ... – internal phone number of the institution.
(switch) Task 3
. Determine the meaning of these words. If you have any difficulties, you can refer to the reference material, which is located on the additional board.
Argument –
attribute –
absolute –
current –
hypothesis – Reference : argument, proof; sign, affiliation, scientific assumption;
important for
at this moment
; unconditional, not dependent on anything. Tests in the form of a game Literacy competition The guys are divided into teams of 5 people. The game involves two teams simultaneously who must answer 10 questions. You are given 1 minute to think about your answer. If the teams fail to complete the task, the audience responds and receives an incentive token. Such tests are carried out after completing work on a large topic: “
Noun
Children love such games very much, because the correct answer is also rewarded with a prize. The last person to give the correct answer gets it.
1. Name all the morphological features of the word carrot.
2. Name words starting with a syllable boo
.
3. Name all the categories of pronouns.
Curious
The class must answer questions proposed by the teacher, but all answers must begin with a specific, pre-agreed letter, for example, ts .
-Where were you?
– How is gasoline transported?
– What did you write out of the book?
- Which stringed instrument do you know?
– What dish do you like?
Entertaining games
Let off some steam
Come up with 5 words starting with a syllable steam .
steam - - -
steam - - -
steam - - -
steam - - -
steam - - -
(Greenhouse, stalls, password, party, guy.)
1. Game “FIND A PAIR!”
One throws the ball and shouts: “Book!” The other catches it and answers: “Eye!” Then he throws the ball himself, shouting: “Snow!” The third catches it and answers: “Ringing!” Have you noticed: one shouts a word at the beginning of which there is a noisy consonant (for example, [k]), and the other catches the ball and quickly responds with a word to the paired consonant (on [g]). Anyone who answers incorrectly will be fined in some way. Anyone who names words that have [ts] [h] [x] at the beginning will also be fined.
2. Vova and Nastya came up with their own language, which would obey the same laws as Russian. Vova came up with verbs kurubit, tabab, kalugit, talyzit. Nastya immediately came up with nouns from these verbs -ka(How additive from add).
What nouns did she come up with? What consonants alternate at the end of the roots of verbs and nouns?
3. Guess the riddles. Find combinations of two voiceless consonants in them. How to check the first one?
1). Long Ivashka,
Wooden shirt.
Where he pokes his nose,
That's where the line will be drawn.
2). Two bellies
Four ears.
3). Above grandma's hut
A piece of bread is hanging.
Dogs bark
But they can’t get it.
4). Mitroshka sits on a spoon,
Dangling my legs.
5). Entire track
Strewn with peas.
6). Grandma is sitting in the garden
All covered in patches.
Whoever looks at it will cry.
4. Vspryushkin - one person had this surname. How many mistakes can you make with this surname? Which letters can you get wrong? Do these letters convey phonemes in weak positions?
5. Vova Butuzov found an old notebook, and it was written there: livt, shban, zprud, fdrysg.
Look! - Butuzov said with curiosity. - Apparently a foreigner wrote.
Nastya Kuvshinnikova looked at the notebook and said:
Why is it written on the cover: Vova Booth? Don’t know who this is - Vova But?
Vova looked and clasped his hands.
Did a foreigner write this? Explain how this could happen.
6. Game “FUNNY SENTENCES”.
Divide into pairs. Let everyone offer each other the floor. Whichever one he wants. For example, turtle. You need to come up with a sentence with this gifted word so that it contains one of three words: brochure, jury, parachute. And let the proposals be entertaining. At least these:
The turtle headed the jury at the running competition.
"Skydive? This is nothing! Who can’t do this?” - says the turtle.
Read the best sentences out loud. What letter is written in these three exception words? ( Yu)
7. Name the longest word in Russian ( pastime) and a word with three " e" at the end ( long-necked).
8. Game “SIMPLE - COMPLEX”.
Do you like nuts? Then you know what it is nutcracker. But in the store the seller will call this item walnut grower. Try to come up with replacements in simple words(instead of simple ones - complex ones).
Instead of the word towel - ......................, key - .................... ......, button - ................... .
9. Is there a word in Russian that consists only of a prefix and a suffix? Maybe this is the word pillow? (No. The original word pillow was associated with the root " spirit", i.e. “inflated”, “soft”. Now it is non-derivative)
10. Remember the names of fairy tales that contain words with evaluative suffixes. (“The Scarlet Flower”, “The Tale of the Goldfish...”, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel...”, “Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivashushka”, etc.)
11. Game “FRIENDLY FAMILY”.
“Friendly family” is ten parts of speech. The presenter calls a word consisting of ten letters. For example: hard work, literature, etc. The word must be written vertically and a part of speech must be selected for each letter, for example:
T - You- pronoun
R - isn't it- particle
U - be surprised- verb
D - ten- numeral
ABOUT - Oh- interjection
L - easily- adverb
YU - spinning top- noun
B - without- preposition
AND - or- union
E - spruce- adjective
Whoever “gathers” a “friendly family” faster will win.
If the guys have mistakes, then the leader should only say: “The family is not friendly,” but not tell where the mistake is.
12. Game “ONLY IN ONE NUMBER”.
In modern Russian there are two numbers: singular and plural. But some nouns are used either only in the singular or only in the plural. For example, youth, gold- only the only thing; tongs, chess- only in the plural.
The players should divide into two groups. The driver alternately reads nouns that are used only in the singular or only in the plural. The first group writes down nouns that are used only in the singular, the second - nouns that are used only in the plural. To increase students' attentiveness in common list Words for dictation include words used in both singular and plural forms.
Words for dictation: clocks, tag, asphalt, gates, trousers, sleighs, tables, scales, linen, running around, iron, width, walking, bloomers, sleds, blind man's buff, wax, water, darkness, sour cream, scissors, views, day, winter, scales, gunpowder, milk, kerosene, panties, vacations, burners, threshing, relatives, concrete.
After recording, the first group transfers its dictations to the second for verification, and the second to the first. Based on the number of correctly written words, points are calculated and winners are announced.
13. Game “IN ALL CASES AND NUMBERS.”
The game consists of choosing proverbs and sayings with a word chosen by the game participant that would be used in all cases of the singular and plural, for example:
I. Delo doesn’t like jokes.
R. It’s a mile from word to deed.
D. Not the essence of the matter, but the essence of the matter.
V. You are for the cause, and the cause is for you.
T. Great in body, but small in deed.
P. And smart, and handsome, and in business too.
I. Things are as white as soot.
R. You can’t change everything.
D. You are judged by your deeds.
B. Life is given for good deeds.
T. Don’t be hasty with your language, and don’t be ridiculous with your deeds.
P. Smart in words, but stupid in deeds.
14. Answer the joke question: what needs to be done with nouns road, brand, sulfur to turn them into short adjectives without changing a single letter?
15. Game "WHO IS BIGGER."
Whoever selects the most phraseological units that include possessive adjectives will win.
Reference. Pillars of Hercules, tantalum flour, Procrustean bed, crocodile tears, Trishkin's caftan, pansies.
16. Answer funny questions:
Which pronouns are read the same from left to right and from right to left? (It, that)
Which pronoun turns into a conjunction when read from right to left? (He - but)
Which letter must be hidden behind the pronoun to get the name of the animal? (Hare)