Mortar for laying bricks from wood concrete. Building a house from wood concrete (arbolite blocks) - construction technology, from the foundation to the roof

The process of work and the laying of wood concrete blocks is not a complicated construction process. Especially if you know the characteristics and properties of the wood concrete itself.

What are concrete blocks made from?

At the moment, the use of material in construction has become quite common. This is due to the fact that the material has high technical performance and its specific composition.

Arbolit consists:

• From sulfate cement.
• Portland cement.
• binders.
• Shavings, sawdust and so on.
• cellulose raw materials.
• mineral enzymes.
• chemical additives.
• Liquids.
• All materials have been tested for durability and reliability.
• Use them in a certain amount.
• Wood concrete is made only at special factories.
• But, it is possible with the help of equipment to make it at home.
• To do this, you will need all the above listed ingredients and instructions.

The process of self-manufacturing raw materials is a rather complicated process, and you need to have certain knowledge in this area.

Technological features and material properties

It has long been established that wood concrete blocks are the most optimal solution for the construction of a residential building. The price of this building material is affordable, which makes it possible to use it for other purposes.

Let's take a closer look at why?

• Arbolite blocks have a large porous structure.
• Thanks to this, it is possible to maintain a constant temperature in the room.
• The humidity of the air in the building is also at the same indicator (with proper operation of the building).
• In terms of their properties and characteristics, arbolite blocks are a bit similar to the properties of wood.

Properties of wood concrete blocks:

• This material is environmentally friendly, as it does not contain synthetic substances and elements. It is made only from pure raw materials.
• Arbolite is not exposed to fire. This ensures the safety of the building in case of fire.
• The blocks have non-standard sizes, which are very helpful in building a house quickly and easily.
• They are lighter than bricks. Thus, there is no load on the foundation of the house.
• Despite their light weight, the blocks can withstand significant loads and are able to carry any type of roof (on a wooden or metal frame).
• Arbolite is quite simply cut.
• Due to their structure and composition, the blocks breathe, and thus a favorable microclimate in the room is ensured.
• The material has a high thermal conductivity, which eliminates the need for additional insulation.

Since the structure of the wood concrete is porous, it is recommended to make its internal and external decoration. So that the pores do not absorb moisture and do not transfer it to the inside of the structure.

• The most important property of wood concrete is that its structure and composition is not capable of being affected by decay, which cannot be said about wood.
• The material freely tolerates any climatic and weather phenomena. Its structure from such an impact does not change over a long period of operation.

Some professionals argue that only one-story buildings and outbuildings can be built from wood concrete. This is not true. Wood concrete is a durable and reliable building material and multi-storey buildings made of it will be in operation for at least 50 years.

• Arbolit is not afraid of frost. He is not afraid of temperature changes. Even if the house is not heated for a long time, then in a short period of time it is possible to create an optimal temperature in it, since the air in the room will immediately warm up, and not the walls.

Types and brands of wood concrete blocks

At the moment, two types of wood concrete blocks are used in construction:

• Thermal insulation.
• Structural.

All of them are divided into brands and subspecies:

• The strength of wood concrete depends on its brand.
• The most durable and reliable are wood concrete blocks of grade 50.
• All blocks of brands less than 50 can also be used for construction, only you need to correctly calculate the load on the material.
• There are also stamps: 5-10-15-25-35.
• From similar grades, not blocks are made, but slabs of wood concrete.
• Their range of application lies in the insulation and insulation of the outer walls of the building.

Many builders prefer the first size of the arbolite block, since its laying is quite quick and simple, and the size of the material itself contributes to the faster construction of the building.

The second size of the material is more suitable for the construction of interior partitions.

Laying wood concrete blocks

Arbolite blocks are laid quite quickly and simply, all work can be done independently.

Consider the work process:

• The laying of wood concrete blocks is simple due to the size of the material.
• Inside each block has a thermal break, which provides thermal insulation of the building.
• The laying of each block is carried out: in 0.5 blocks or in 1 block.

Since the size of the wood concrete block is quite large, it is possible to carry out laying in 1.5 or 2 blocks only during the construction of multi-storey buildings.

Due to the fact that masonry is carried out similarly to bricklaying, it is done by hand:

• If during the masonry process the thermal break is filled with concrete mortar, then the strength of the wall of arbolite blocks increases.
• There are various technologies for laying wood concrete blocks: with and without filling a thermal break.

If concrete mortar is used in the masonry, which fills all the gaps on each block, then it is imperative to perform external insulation of the building, since the blocks will not pass air as efficiently as without it because of the mortar.

According to their technology of laying and erecting walls, structures made of wood concrete blocks are similar to adobe bricks. They have almost the same dimensions and similar properties in application.

In order to make the laying of arbolite blocks you will need:

• Pour the base of the structure, which would correspond to its size and weight of the roof structure.
• Then a concrete solution is made, into which special additives are mixed for greater strength.
• The mortar itself is made from Portland cement, purified sand and water.

You should not immediately knead a lot of solution with additives, as it can quickly harden and lose its properties.

• The basis for laying wood concrete blocks can be: monolithic, pile, columnar foundations.
• These types of foundations are the most optimal for the structure.
• If the building is one-story, then it is enough to use a masonry of 0.5 blocks.
• If the structure is two- or three-story, then it is better to use masonry in 1 block.

And in that, and in that way it is necessary to make the exterior decoration of the building.

Of the masonry tools you will need:

• Building level.
• Plumb.
• Trowels.
• Capacity for more convenient use of the solution.
• Bulgarian with special nozzles for cutting material.
• Reinforcing mesh of a small size, which can be laid between the blocks for their stronger fastening.

The laying itself is carried out using concrete mortar and the whole process is similar to laying bricks.

Laying should be done starting from the corners of the building. Thus, the load-bearing corner structures will be more durable, and consist of solid material.

Laying is done gradually:

• Initially, the solution is applied to the base and blocks are placed on it using the building level.
• They are securely fastened.
• The thickness of the concrete solution should not exceed 15-20 mm.
• Next, blocks are placed on the sides. It is impossible to immediately overlap from above, since the plane of the wall will be violated under the weight of the arbolite blocks.

Each row of the block can be laid only after the first one has been thoroughly fixed. It is worth considering that after laying, finishing work will be carried out using frame or brick cladding. It is necessary to make connecting reinforcement in the walls, which is mounted in the finish and thus, the wall is connected to the finish.

Finishing wood concrete blocks, both external and internal, is carried out using modern facing materials, but here it is worth considering the ventilation gap in the work, as the material breathes. On the video you can see the process of work related to the laying of the material.

You can find out the price and conditions for fulfilling an order for the construction of walls from wood concrete blocks by calling 8-966-311-02-32

Are you planning to build a house and do not know who can be entrusted with the construction of the walls of the house? Our team will turn building a house into a fast, pleasant and inexpensive process. Only professionals with solid experience work in the team. We control every step of construction, the speed and quality of work are the highest. We have hundreds of works in the Moscow region behind us. We offer a range of construction services.

Construction from wood concrete

Construction of wood concrete is only gaining momentum, this building material has appeared relatively recently. Wood concrete blocks allow you to select almost any site for construction. Even if the foundation fails, a crack will not appear on the wall. The foundation for the house can be either tape or bored. The cost of building a house is reduced, since when using wood concrete blocks, minimum requirements are imposed on the foundation. The plinth must be made at least 400-500 mm.

With the help of wood concrete blocks, it is possible to build not only one-story country houses, but also two- and three-story houses. The thickness of the walls will be no more than 40 cm. The laying of wood concrete blocks resembles the assembly of a Lego constructor. For the construction of walls, it is necessary to make waterproofing between the wall and the foundation. When laying, a prerequisite for the reliability and durability of the walls is the elimination of cold bridges.

The nuances of laying wood concrete blocks

Two options are used. The first, simplest and most popular is polyurethane foam. The second is the use of the method of breaking the mortar joint along the contour of the arbolite block. To do this, use a special strip with a thickness of 12 mm. Cement is poured between them, two strips come out on the sides of the block.

For masonry, not a completely dry block is ideal, but a little wet. Arbolite blocks are very hygroscopic, a dry block draws out all the moisture from the cement mixture during laying. Partition walls do not require special masonry conditions.

Blocks of wood concrete can be adjusted in size and shape at the construction site. If you order in the production of fitting sizes and shapes, the price of the work will increase. In order to give the desired shape, it is enough to cut the facing tiles with a stone-cutting saw, after which the block can be corrected with a chainsaw.

Arbolit and moisture

Due to its hygroscopicity, walls made of wood concrete blocks must be protected from moisture. From the inside, the walls are sheathed, from the outside they are faced or plastered. Be sure to lay a vapor barrier material between the wood concrete wall and the inner lining. There must be free space between the cladding on the outside and the wall. When using facing wood concrete blocks, external decorative finishing will not be needed. The cost of building a house will decrease.

For building a house in the Moscow region, wood concrete blocks are an ideal option, they are economical and reliable at the same time. Trust the construction of your home only to professionals. The result will please you.

Wood-filled concrete was created in the first half of the last century in the Netherlands and patented under the trade name Durisol. Arbolite is its domestic counterpart, which has been produced in the USSR for decades and used primarily for the construction of rural houses, agricultural and small infrastructure facilities. Today, the production of wood concrete in Russia is reviving, and the demand for it is growing every year. Wood concrete is relatively inexpensive and has a unique combination of qualities that are in demand in low-rise housing construction.

Advantages of wood concrete

Wood concrete is produced by vibrocompression from a mixture of specially prepared wood chips, cement mortar and chemical additives (plasticizers for concrete, antiseptics, porosity regulators, etc.). In low-rise construction, mainly material with a density of 500-600 kg / m3 is used, of compressive strength classes B 1.0 (for one-story buildings), B 1.5 and B 2.0 (for two-story buildings).

The standard dimensions of the masonry block are 200 × 300 × 600 mm. In addition, there are partition blocks 500 × 300 × 140/150 mm, U-shaped lintel beams; some companies also produce wall panels of different sizes on request.

Walls made of wood concrete blocks with a thickness of 300 mm have a heat transfer resistance (R) of about 2.7 m2 ° C / W, that is, they almost meet the requirements of SP 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings" for central Russia. In general, according to the main heat engineering indicators, wood concrete is close to, while it costs even a little cheaper than autoclaved gas silicate from leading companies (about 4,500 rubles per 1 m3, including delivery). Walls made of arbolite blocks pass steam well and are able to reduce the amplitude of fluctuations in the humidity of room air. The material is easily sawn with a hacksaw with large teeth or an “alligator” electric or chainsaw.

An important advantage of wood concrete over foam block is that it holds fasteners better. This also facilitates doors, Mauerlat, sheathing for sheathing (for example, siding) and other overhead and hinged structures.

When buying blocks, pay attention to the size of the chips. It must comply with GOST 19222-84 and be approximately 40 × 10 × 5 mm. Blocks from smaller chips have an increased coefficient of thermal conductivity, and from larger ones, they can shrink significantly and be not strong enough.

Along with insulated hollow blocks, fixed formwork made of chipped concrete slabs (Velox technology) is used in the construction of energy-efficient houses.

How to stack blocks

Deviations from the nominal dimensions, even for wood concrete blocks produced on modern equipment, can reach 7 mm (permitted by GOST). Thus, the normal thickness of masonry joints is 10-15 mm, and the use of a conventional cement-sand mortar will lead to a significant deterioration in the thermal performance of the walls.

Block manufacturers recommend laying on a "warm" solution (it should not be confused with thin-seam adhesive for gas silicate blocks, which is of little use in this case). A "warm" mortar is not too difficult to prepare yourself from cement and a low-density filler, such as perlite sand, which is sold in bags and in bulk. And you can purchase a ready-made masonry mixture, for example Putform MS114 (Osnovit) or TKS 2020 (Perel).

The first row of blocks is laid on the bed seam on top of the two-layer basement waterproofing. The second and then every fourth seam should be reinforced with reinforcing mesh. It is also necessary to reinforce the row above the openings. T-shaped joints of the walls are performed with dressing, but when installing internal partitions, it is possible to attach them to the walls with embedded nets, pins, and also anchors.

If it is decided to erect a slab interfloor ceiling, in the places of its support on the walls, it is required to arrange a reinforced concrete belt 200 mm wide and at least 100 mm high with volumetric reinforcement; in this case, the width of the supporting platform of the plates should be 80–100 mm. To avoid freezing of the wall, the belt is insulated from the street side with polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.

With wooden floors, ventilated (without subsequent sealing with mortar) insulated nests for beams are performed. As a general rule, the working depth of these nests should be 15 cm, however, the required area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport is best calculated individually, taking into account the floor load and compressive strength of a particular batch of blocks.

Lintels over openings are best done using special U-shaped blocks. A reinforcing cage is laid in these trays and a cement-sand mortar or heavy concrete is poured. You can also block the openings with home-made reinforced concrete beams and pieces of reinforcement and rolled metal, but if you plan to plaster the walls, it is undesirable to use bare metal, since rust will almost certainly appear on the finish over time.

Wood concrete is widely used in the construction of half-timbered houses, combining blocks or panels with massive wooden poles and beams.

Decor and protection

Walls made of wood concrete blocks can be plastered or sheathed or paneled.

The material shrinks by about 0.5% during the first 4-6 months (then shrinkage practically stops), so it is better not to start finishing earlier than six months after construction, or use elastic plasters and a sliding crate for a hinged facade.

The higher the density of the wood concrete, the stronger the walls, but the worse the thermal insulation. The optimal value for low-rise construction is 500 kg / m3.

The plaster facade must have a vapor permeability coefficient of at least 0.09 mg / (m h Pa). The surface of the wood concrete adheres strongly to any plaster compositions - there is no need to use a grid.

When installing a hinged facade, the walls are protected with a wind and moisture protective membrane, then a crate is mounted from galvanized steel profiles or antiseptic rails. Then you can choose any modern - wooden imitation of a bar or log, fiber cement or wood-polymer.

How to improve the energy efficiency of walls

There are three main ways to improve the thermal insulation characteristics of walls made of wood concrete blocks.

1. Use foam concrete. In this case, a wall with a thickness of 300 mm will have a heat transfer resistance of 3.1 m2 °C / W (the requirements of new building codes for central Russia are 2.9–3.2 m2 °C / W). Foam concrete is a little more expensive than usual, more moisture resistant, but adheres worse to plaster (reinforcing mesh is required).
2. Build from hollow blocks (it is these blocks that are produced today under the Durisol brand). Part of the volume of voids in such a block is occupied by inserts made of basalt wool, expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam, and the rest of the space is filled during construction with heavy concrete or perlite concrete. The masonry is reinforced with horizontal and vertical bars. The wall is not only warm (R ≈ 3.4 m2 °C / W), but also very durable, while maintaining vapor permeability (though only if you use heaters with an open cellular structure). Walls built using this technology will cost 50–70% more than conventional walls (300 mm thick, made of solid blocks), but will provide significant (at least 30%) savings on home heating.
3. Insulate the house from the outside. It is possible, for example, to mount a warm plaster facade based on the RockFasade (Rockwool) or Isover Stucco Facade (Saint-Gobain) system, which have been used for a long time in the repair of urban high-rise buildings. Mineral wool slabs 50 mm thick are fixed on the walls outside with the help of special fasteners (glue, support profiles, dish-shaped dowels), and then their surface is plastered on a polymer mesh. The service life of the structure is at least 25 years. Another option is to place a heater of the same thickness under the skin (between the lathing bars), while providing a ventilation gap of about 30 mm. External insulation makes it possible to achieve heat transfer resistance of 3.2–3.4 m2 °C / W.

Arbolite blocks: comparison of characteristics

• Text: Vladimir Grigoriev

Arbolite blocks - the material is not capricious, but peculiar. And if the task is set: to lay them with your own hands, then there are usually no problems with this process. The only question that private developers ask is whether it is necessary to reinforce wood concrete blocks. It is impossible to answer it unequivocally - yes, it is a necessity, or not, it is not necessary. Everything will depend on the design of the building.

What is wood concrete and its characteristics

Before dealing with the reinforcement of the wood concrete masonry, it is necessary to indicate that this wall material is made of lightweight concrete, which includes wood chips as a filler. Of all materials with organic fillers, it is the most durable with excellent thermal insulation qualities.

Its outer surfaces are porous, which guarantees good adhesive properties of the blocks. But at the same time, the pores are filled with a large amount of masonry mortar, which leads to its high consumption. But this has its own plus - the ability to make the seam between the blocks thin, which provides the appearance of a wall that looks like a monolithic structure. In addition, the seam is a cold bridge, so the thinner it is, the better.

In addition, the solution that has entered the porous structure of the block surface ensures high strength of the entire wall structure. In this regard, materials with a smooth surface are inferior to wood concrete. Therefore, developers may have doubts about whether it is worth reinforcing the wood concrete masonry. Everything will depend on the design of the building being constructed, its purpose and operating conditions. But, as practice shows, any structures erected from block materials must be reinforced. This applies to both masonry and the armored belt laid along the upper part.

How reinforcement is carried out

To begin with, three types of solutions can be used for laying wood concrete blocks:

1. Cement-sand mixture, as a bright representative of masonry mortars. Today, this material on the market is represented by sand concrete of various brands, although making it yourself in a concrete mixer or in a trough is not a problem. The main thing is to accurately maintain the proportions of the ingredients, where the cement-sand ratio is 1:3.
2. Perlite mixtures or in other words "warm". Instead of sand, perlite powder is poured into them - this is a finely dispersed volcanic rock. Perlite in solution acts not only as a filler, but also as a heater.
3. Adhesive composition for cellular concrete. This is the most ideal version of the masonry mortar for wood concrete.

So, the reinforcement of wood concrete begins immediately with the first row of stacked blocks. This is a strict requirement. For this, a standard welded reinforcing mesh made of steel wire with a diameter of at least 2.5 mm with cells of at least 50x50 mm is used. This mesh is sold in rolls with a width of 1.5 m and a length of up to 25 m. This is convenient because the roll can be unfolded and cut from it into the required number of segments of the required length and width, which will ensure seamless laying of the mesh. If you have to join the segments, and this will certainly be present at the joints of the external and internal walls, then the connection is made by overlapping within 15 cm with wire tying in three or four places.

The mesh laying process is standard, where there is one requirement - it must be located in the body of the masonry mortar. Therefore, a masonry mortar with a thickness of 10-12 mm is applied to the previously waterproofed foundation. A reinforcing mesh is laid on it with a slight recession into the finished mixture. There is another option, when the solution is applied with a layer of 5-6 mm, then the mesh is laid, on top is another layer of the mixture of 5-6 mm. After that, the laying of wood concrete begins.

The second option is much better. It allows laying in sections. That is, the grid laid on the masonry mortar can not immediately be covered with the top layer. And this makes it possible not to rush. You can carry out the process in a different way. The stacked segment of the mesh is rolled up. A solution is applied to the foundation, for example, 3 m along. The mesh is unfolded to this size, an additional layer is applied on top and masonry is carried out. The same goes for the next three meters.

It is necessary to reinforce the masonry from wood concrete blocks every 3 rows. If a one-story building is being constructed, then the reinforcing mesh can be laid less frequently - every 5-6 rows.

armored belt

Do I need an armored belt in a house made of wood concrete. It is necessary, especially when it comes to a multi-storey building. It is poured in the basement, interfloor and attic. In the first floor, this is not necessary if, according to the calculations, the foundation of the building can withstand all the necessary loads. In this place, the armored belt is poured if the foundation structure is not a monolith, that is, it is assembled from blocks.

The thing is that the reinforced belt is designed mainly to contain the loads emanating from the shrinkage of the house. It evenly distributes these loads around the entire perimeter of the building, preventing the walls from cracking.

Armopoyas for wood concrete can be poured in two ways:

1. A formwork is installed along the entire perimeter with a width equal to the width of the wall. The height is determined by calculations. The formwork is attached to the foundation or walls of the building with long self-tapping screws, nails or other fasteners.
2. Special U-shaped wood concrete blocks are used.

Formwork reinforcement method

This is a traditional technology with the installation of formwork from boards or other flat materials. The main requirement is the strength of the structure, which, when pouring concrete, should not part to the sides. Therefore, the shields are fastened with through studs or wooden crossbars.

An important element of the armored belt of a wood concrete house is a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement. In fact, these are two lattices with cells of 20x20 cm, assembled from reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm. They are installed vertically and connected to each other into a three-dimensional structure (cage) by crossbars made of reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm. All connections are made using a knitting wire.

The reinforcing steel frame is installed on stands so that it is in the body of the armored belt. Therefore, it should be smaller in size than the space formed by the formwork elements and the foundation plane. As supports, you can use stones, pieces of concrete blocks, pieces of metal profiles.

The last stage is the pouring of a concrete solution made according to the recipe: cement-sand-crushed stone in a ratio of 1:2:2. Concrete must be poured simultaneously without long breaks between poured batches - no more than 2-3 hours. The solution must be subjected to vibration to remove air that enters the mixture during its kneading. And air is the pores inside the armored belt, which lead to a decrease in the strength characteristics of the structure.

You can remove the formwork in two to three days. But you can load the armored belt in 15 days, and preferably 28.

These are special blocks in which a longitudinal groove is made. The section shape can be rectangular or oval. It is necessary to pour concrete mortar into it with preliminary laying of reinforcement. This method simplifies several times the above procedure using formwork. Because U-shaped blocks are laid along the top row of the wall, like standard masonry elements, and serve as a fixed formwork.

It is important to understand here that a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement in the form of a cage or lattice is not used here. Just along the wall, two or three reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12-16 mm are placed in a groove at a small distance from each other, connected to each other with knitting wire or not connected at all. The main thing is to lay the rods so that they are in the body of the poured concrete solution.

There are two important advantages of this method of constructing an armored belt for wood concrete:

1. Ease of work.
2. It turns out a warmed belt made of reinforced wood concrete.

The third option for the formation of an armored belt

With the advent of U-shaped blocks, the need for this technology of pouring the reinforcing belt has disappeared. Let's just label it for information.

This will require arbolite blocks of smaller width. For example, the width of the wall block is 300 mm, which means that you need a block with a width of 100 or 150 mm. It is impossible to find wall-type material of such dimensions, so the craftsmen simply cut solid blocks to the required dimensions.

The resulting masonry elements with a smaller width were laid on a wall or foundation so that there was an opening between them, where reinforcing bars were laid and concrete mortar was poured. Sometimes they did it the other way:

• on the front side (outer) a block with a width of 150 mm was laid;
• boards or sheets of flat slab or sheet materials (plywood, OSB, etc.) were installed from the back;
• a kind of formwork was obtained, the outer side of which was already insulated.

Conclusion

So, answering the question of whether reinforcement is required for a wood concrete house, we can answer that this process is one of the important ones. It is with the help of reinforcement of walls and floors that it is possible to guarantee uniform shrinkage of the building without the appearance of cracks on the walls. In addition, these structures are often called seismic belts, which is very important in areas with seismic activity.