Wall putty technology in different versions. Puttying walls with your own hands (advice from an experienced master) How to properly putty walls from the floor

Not everyone knows how to putty walls with their own hands, without using the services of specialists and without making mistakes. It is very important in the process of preparing the walls for finishing works adhere to technology, perform the steps one by one and use construction tools correctly, then as a result we will get a flat and smooth surface.

What putty is best to use on walls?

According to their intended purpose, putty is divided into types:

• starting, used as a leveling layer
• decorative (finish)
• universal

The composition of almost all types of putty is the same: plasticizers, base and adhesives. The component that forms the basis is the main difference that allows the putty material to be divided into:

• cement
• polymeric
• plaster

Before you putty the walls yourself, you need to study the advantages and disadvantages of working with each type of putty mixture, prepare the tools and materials that will be needed in the work.

Table of putty differences by composition
	Purpose	Advantages	Flaws
Plaster	for rooms in which the humidity percentage is below normal (bedrooms, hallways)	As a result, we get a smooth surface; it is permissible to apply a layer of no more than 2 mm to the wall; it sets within two hours	dries quickly, is not susceptible to moisture
Cement	for rooms with high humidity levels (kitchens, facades, basement)	low cost, water resistance	Over time, cracks and slight shrinkage may appear
Polymer	for rooms with normal humidity levels	after applying putty to the wall, a perfect surface for further work (painting, wallpapering), sets quickly, fits well	expensive material

Preparing the wall surface for putty

It is not difficult to putty walls with your own hands if you follow technology and consistency in the process. The first step is to prepare the wall surface. It is important that the wall is dry and clean. It is not recommended to putty on walls that are frozen.

To ensure that the putty material fits perfectly on the walls, use a primer. The walls are primed before applying putty. The primer ensures the connection between the putty and the wall. The primer solution must be applied evenly, without gaps; a special roller is used for this. The primer can be applied in one layer and allowed to dry.

How to putty walls with your own hands correctly?

Inspect the room, clean the walls and remove all unnecessary items from the room. This will allow you to see the scale of the work and select the appropriate type of putty and tools. Before you putty the walls, you need to remove all the cracks. To do this you need to use a gypsum mixture. The crack needs to be expanded a little in width and depth. After this, we treat the gap with a primer and only then putty.

If you decide to putty yourself, it is better to start by using ready-made rather than dry mixtures. When purchasing a dry mixture, be attentive to the recommendations on the packaging. It is important to prepare the putty from the dry mixture in the correct consistency.

Cooking sequence:

• pour a little water into a clean container
• add dry powder (putty) and mix thoroughly using a simple spatula
• To ensure the mixture is homogeneous, use a drill with a mixer; if necessary, gradually add water

The mixture is ready to be applied to the walls if it has an elastic, uniform structure and does not flow off the spatula. If lumps have formed in the putty, the mixture is too thick; if it flows off the spatula, add dry mixture.

How to putty walls: sequence and technology

In order for the process of wall putty to be successful, you need to follow the sequence of steps and prepare all the necessary tools in advance:

• starting putty. At this stage we will need a spatula big size. The putty should be applied to the walls in medium, even portions, spreading over the surface. The spatula should be held at an angle 30 degrees. Apply the putty in one diagonal motion. If this is your first time applying putty with your own hands, we recommend that you apply each layer overlapping. This will eliminate the transition line and avoid bumps.
• treatment even corners. At this stage, we will learn how to putty the corners with our own hands. Prepare a small and angled spatula. Using a spatula small size, apply a small layer of putty material to the slope, then use an angle tool to level the surface
• finishing putty. After the starting layer has become dry, you can begin the finishing coat. Prepare spatulas - small and large. Layer thickness decorative putty should not be more than 2 mm. Use a small spatula to place the putty on a large one in medium portions. Spread the putty mixture on the surface in an even layer.
• Putty for pasting and painting walls. We proceed to this stage only after the previous two layers of putty have completely dried.

Before you begin to putty the walls with your own hands, you need to determine the type of coating on which you will apply the putty. Application methods and the required degree of density depend on this.

How to putty walls under wallpaper?

Before you begin to putty your own walls for wallpaper, you need to decide on the type and thickness of the wallpaper. If the wallpaper has a fine structure, you need to apply several layers of leveling putty. After this, you can, without the help of a specialist, hang wallpaper with your own hands without bubbles and creases.

It is best to use dry putty mixtures, which you can prepare yourself by following the instructions. The thickness of the putty layer when preparing the wall for wallpapering should not exceed 1-2 mm. Therefore, pay special attention to eliminating cracks and potholes during the rough preparation stage.

How to putty walls for painting with your own hands?

Finishing walls for painting requires careful preliminary preparation, since the paint does not hide irregularities.

The procedure for puttingty for painting walls is carried out in stages:

• thinly apply a leveling layer
• for walls with a large number of deep irregularities of large volume, it is necessary to apply putty in 2-3 layers
• leave to dry for several hours
• We apply the decorative layer using the technology described in the section above
• when all layers of putty have dried, we rub the wall with sandpaper, thus removing all roughness

How to calculate the consumption of material needed for puttying walls with your own hands?

Before you begin repairs, you need to draw up an estimate. This will allow you to calculate the cost of materials and finances in advance. If you want to putty the walls with your own hands, then savings are important to you.

It is more profitable to use dry mixtures for putty, since a bag of twenty kilograms produces 30 liters mixture of good thickness. To calculate, you need to know the size of the room. Manufacturers of putty mixtures claim that 1 sq.m. approximately goes away 1 kg putty (only for 1 layer).

Taking into account the features of the walls and the size of the rooms, you can determine how many layers of putty you need to apply. Before you start puttingtying with your own hands, do not forget to clean the walls of dust, whitewash and other contaminants. Take into account the specifics of technology and required type putty under different types coverings.

When planning overhaul in an apartment or house, as well as when moving into a new home that does not have finishing, you will definitely have to decide on putting the walls in order. Of course, you can invite a team of builders and pay them a decent sum, sometimes without even having a guarantee that the work was done efficiently. However, in order to be sure that all the finishing layers applied to the walls will not fall off in a couple of weeks, it is better to carry out all the construction processes on your own, naturally, having studied their technology in advance.

- not such a simple task as it seems at first glance. It is possible to level the walls to perfection only after you become skilled in the process of applying the compounds to the surface. Therefore, before starting such work, after reading the instructions, it is recommended to practice on small areas of the wall that are not in plain sight, for example, in places that are guaranteed to be covered by large furniture

Which putty should I buy?

Puttying walls should not be considered a secondary process that can be skipped. If it is not carried out efficiently, then all surface irregularities will appear through any finishing coating, be it wallpaper, decorative plaster or coloring.

Puttying is usually the final process in preparing walls for any decorative coating. The main task is to achieve an almost perfectly flat and smooth surface by using a thin layer of putty on the surface of the walls, filling existing flaws and eliminating unevenness. To obtain the desired result, two types are used - starting and finishing.

The composition of the starting putty includes a mixture of dry coarse materials. This solution is used pre-treatment walls, leveling out the most serious flaws and at the same time creating good foundation for applying the finishing layer.

The finishing mixture is made from a fine powder, most often gypsum. Subject to technology preparation of the composition, timing and correctness of its application, it is possible to make the surface of the walls of the room perfectly smooth.

Sometimes, to tidy up walls, universal mixtures are used, which are suitable for both initial, rough leveling and finishing, that is, one composition is applied in several layers.

The putty can be purchased dry or ready-to-use. Ready-made compositions, of course, are easy to use - they are produced on oil-adhesive, drying oil, latex, polymer and other bases. But they have not gained much popularity among private craftsmen due to their rather high cost, which is not affordable for everyone.

But dry putty mixtures are available for sale in a wide variety, so much so that you can even get confused at first. Some parameters of putties are summarized in the table presented to the reader. You should get acquainted with each composition in more detail directly when choosing, reading the instructions included with each package.

Name indicator	Established standards for brands
	LS 10/90	LS 35/65	LS 50/50	LS 65/35	Fine Coat 50/50	Termonite	For blocks
Recommended thickness in mm	3÷5	5÷15	5÷15	5÷15	3÷10	2÷10	3÷10
Recommended water consumption in l/25 kg	3.5÷4	3.5÷4	3.5÷4	3.5÷4	4÷5	5.5÷6	6÷7
Ultimate compressive strength, MPa, not less	16	8	4	2	4	6	20
Ultimate bending strength, MPa, not less	2	2	1	1	1	3	3
Adhesion (adhesion) to the base, MPa, not less	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	1	0.5
Medium density. solution kg/m3	1900	1900	1900	1900	1900	1900	1900
RN	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13	12÷13
Notes:
LS 10/90 belongs to the category of adhesive compounds;
LS 35/65, 50/50, 65/35 and block putty – leveling compounds;
“Fine Coat 50/50” and “Termonite” - finishing compounds

When purchasing putty, you need to consider and study its packaging, paying attention not only to its characteristics, but also to the expiration date. If the material is expired, then you should not take it, since in this case the money will be thrown away. You should not buy putty mixture stored in conditions of high humidity, even if its expiration date has not yet expired. Wet packaging or packaging with obvious stains of dampness is a sure sign of a spoiled mixture.

It is recommended to purchase putty compositions for the starting and finishing layers made by the same company, as they provide good mutual adhesion and compatibility, which will allow you to obtain a better result.

Prices for popular types of putty

Putties

Materials and tools

It is very important to prepare well for work so as not to be distracted during the process due to a lack of any material or necessary tool.

So, for work you will need:

• Starting and finishing putty mixtures.
• Primer composition.
• A plastic container for mixing putty, if it is purchased dry.
• Special paint bath for working with primer.
• Construction roller and two brushes - wide and narrow. They are necessary for applying primer in hard to reach places, for example in corners or behind radiators.
• Spatulas:

- wide 500 ÷ 600 mm or even 700 ÷ 800 mm - for applying the finishing layer of putty;

- narrow 100 ÷ 150 mm - for taking putty from a container and applying it to a large spatula, as well as for leveling the composition in corners.

- corner - for leveling corners when filling them.

• Rule for controlling the evenness of the wall.
• Drill and mixer attachment for mixing the mass.
• Electric Sander(vibrating or eccentric) or a hand float for rubbing and grinding the applied putty.
• A spotlight or hand-held light to identify poorly aligned areas on a wall.
• Construction knife.

Preparing walls for puttying

• Before applying putty, the wall must be carefully prepared. If there is old plaster or pieces of wallpaper left on it, they must be removed. You will also have to clean the wall of oil or water-based paint.

• After removing the old coating, cracks or unevenness may appear on the wall. To ensure that the putty lays flat and does not crack after drying along the cracks, it is necessary to seal them.

— Before sealing detected cracks, they must be expanded as deep into the wall as possible so that they do not repeat their direction after applying the putty.

— After expansion, the crack is cleaned of dust and pieces of plaster - this process can be carried out using a small brush.

— Starting putty or sealant is applied to the dried crack. The repair mixture must be pressed as deep as possible into the crack, and the top should be leveled with the level of the wall surface.

— After the putty or sealant has dried, you need to go over the sealed crack with a float to finally level it with the wall.

• If the wall is, then all its joints should be glued with fiberglass mesh, on top of which thin layer putties. Holes from recessed self-tapping screw heads, which drywall is fixed to the wall or sheathing, must also be filled with a putty mixture, otherwise rust from them will appear through any decorative finish.

• After the sealing joints have dried, they proceed to applying a primer with antiseptic properties to the walls. This layer will add additional strength to the surface, increase the adhesion of materials and extend the service life of the finish.

It is poured into a special tray, from which it is easy to take it onto a roller (brush) for application to the wall surface. It is very important to thoroughly treat all hard-to-reach places, otherwise it is from there that the putty may subsequently begin to peel off.

The primer applied to the walls must dry well.

Prices for different types of primer

Primer

Preparation of putty

If you purchase a dry mixture, then it must be prepared correctly, as it should be uniform in consistency and resemble thick sour cream.

• To mix the mixture, a regular plastic bucket is suitable, into which water at room temperature is poured. Typically, a bag of putty weighing 25 kg requires 9.5 ÷ 10 liters of water, but to find out for sure, be sure to read the instructions before opening the bag with the mixture.

• If the selected mixture is made at gypsum base, you shouldn’t knead it too much, since its “life” is very limited. The time for using the mixed solution can also be found in the instructions for its preparation.
• After pouring the powder into the water, the mixture is mixed using a mixer attachment mounted in the drill chuck.

• After the first portion of the mixed solution is used, the bucket and mixer must be rinsed thoroughly, otherwise the next solution may end up with solid inclusions left over from the first batch. It is clear that this operation is repeated constantly throughout the entire work.

Applying starting putty

• The starting putty is applied to the primed surface with a wide spatula, onto which the mixture is applied for convenience and evenly distributed with a small spatula.

• from the corner and down up smooth movements without force pressing on the spatula, which should be held at approximately a 45 degree angle. It is this position that will help to apply the putty evenly, without leaving marks on it from the corners of the tool.

Putty strips are applied to the surface with an overlap, that is, the strokes should overlap each other by 70 ÷ 80 mm.

• After applying putty to a certain area, its evenness is checked using a rule. As a rule, carefully, without pressure, pass over the putty surface. The flat edge of the tool should collect the excess putty mixture and reveal obvious depressions. The flaws will be especially visible if the wall is illuminated with a light bulb in such a way as to create a moving shadow.

If differences are detected, you should once again go over the surface of the wall with a wide spatula to level them out. This can be done while the putty on the wall is still wet.

• When applying the starting layer, you need to pay special attention to the corners, since they are always the “weak spot” when leveling the walls. Therefore, very often a special spatula in the shape of a right angle is used to level these difficult-to-plaster areas.

One of the most difficult techniques is aligning corners

• After applying the starting layer, the walls are rarely perfectly smooth, although this should be strived for. Small errors are allowed, which can be covered by the finishing layer.
• After completing the application of the starting layer on all the walls of the room, you need to wait for it to dry - only then proceed to the first grout. Using an electric sander or a hand grater with sandpaper or an abrasive mesh attached to it, all unevenness from the coarse-grained starting mixture is removed from the surface of the walls. In addition, the grout will be able to smooth out small flaws left by the corners of the working surface of the spatula.

Grouting is carried out using movements along a spiral trajectory. You must be careful and try not to miss a single centimeter of the putty surface.

• If, after grouting, irregularities deeper than 2.5 ÷ 3 mm are found on the illuminated wall, then a second layer of the same mixture is applied to the first starting layer. It can be applied to the entire surface or just to separate areas where defects were found.

Final layer of putty

• The finishing layer of putty is applied after the starting one has completely dried, according to the same principle - that is, from the corners and down up.

The mixture is also applied with a small spatula to a large one, distributed along its edge, and applied to the wall with clear movements with slight pressure. Layer finishing mixture should not be thicker than two millimeters, and the remaining excess putty and lines from the edges of the spatula are carefully stretched and smoothed by passing over them again.

• To see all the defects at once, during the work process it is recommended to create combined lighting coming from several light sources, or use a mobile light bulb on a wire so that you can bring it to the wall being leveled from different sides. When creating such lighting, falling dynamic shadows will immediately reveal insufficiently aligned areas of the wall.
• The finishing putty is applied in two layers. The second one is applied after the first one has completely dried.
• When the second layer dries, it is rubbed in the same way as the starting one, using a grater or a special power tool with fine-grained sandpaper or abrasive (start with 200 grit and usually end with 400). If surface defects are detected, it is permissible to apply another finishing layer to individual areas.
• It is very necessary to seal and sand the corners of the room, as the flaws will be especially noticeable there. To remove them, two spatulas are used - an angled one and a rubber one. The first one immediately forms the corner, and the second one gently smoothes out the excess putty.

• After completing the filling and grouting work, the walls are covered with one or two more layers of primer, and only after that can decorative finishing be applied.

If the walls are planned to be leveled, then the process of applying putty must be approached with special care, since the surface must be leveled to perfection. If the room is decorated with wallpaper, then they are to some extent able to hide small defects, but when painting, the flaws, on the contrary, will appear - this must be foreseen and the choice must be made. decorative covering in advance.

After completing all the work on leveling the walls with putty, all the tools that were used for the process must be thoroughly cleaned, rinsed and dried, since they will definitely be needed to tidy up other areas of the apartment.

To achieve the desired result when leveling the surface of walls with putty, it is recommended to follow some rules and recommendations. Some have already been mentioned in the article, but it makes sense to highlight them separately in the form of a final summary:

• If you do not have sufficient experience in this type of work, you should not purchase large quantity materials. To try whether you can do this work yourself, you can purchase a small amount of putty by weight, learn how to prepare the solution and try it small area walls.

Having carried out such an experiment, it will be possible to immediately understand whether it is possible to carry out puttying of large surfaces, or whether it is still worth entrusting the work to professionals.

• Work on applying and leveling the putty should be carried out under lighting from several lighting fixtures installed at different ends of the room.
• The starting putty is applied with a thickness of no more than 4 ÷ 5 mm, since layers that are thicker can peel off, and there is also a high risk of cracks appearing on them.
• Before applying each subsequent layer, you need to make sure that the previous one is completely dry. The drying period of the putty directly depends on the thickness of the applied layer, the level of humidity and temperature in the room.
• It is prohibited to speed up the drying of putty walls by installing heating devices or creating a draft in the room, as these influences can lead to peeling of the applied composition from the walls.
• After applying each layer, be sure to check all surfaces using the rule, making marks of places that require additional adjustments.
• It is possible to obtain perfectly even corners only if a special spatula is used to level them.

And finally, a few words about precautions when carrying out such construction and finishing work:

• To putty walls and ceilings, it is necessary to prepare not only tools and material, but also suitable clothing and equipment. So, when working with putties, plasters, primers, and paints, it is imperative to protect your hair and skin.

A scarf is usually tied over the head, and as a work uniform you can use old clothes that cover the body as much as possible, which you don’t mind getting dirty. It is recommended to protect your hands with thick rubber gloves.

• When carrying out troweling work, it is imperative to secure Airways and eyes, since a lot of fine dust will fly. To do this you need to purchase hardware store respirator and special glasses.
• If the walls in the room are high, you need to take care of a reliable, stable staircase or build trestles for this. It is preferable to have the latter, since they allow you to cover a large finishing area at once, and they do not have to be rearranged often.

And in conclusion, according to the tradition of our portal - visual video lesson on leveling walls with putty:

Video: first steps in working with putty mixtures

It should be noted that leveling walls is, to some extent, even a creative process, but it is quite labor-intensive. Therefore, if there is no predisposition to such activities, then it is better not to take on it, but to entrust the implementation to professional plasterers. But if you have a great desire to try your hand and even save money cash, then it’s worth taking a risk and doing everything yourself.

When starting a home renovation, you should draw up an accurate, comprehensive work plan and strictly follow it. Special attention should be given to the walls. Unfortunately, no paint, whitewash or wallpaper can hide cosmetic defects and blemishes wall panels. Even in a new, newly built building, the quality and evenness of the walls leave much to be desired, which means that you will have to do some things yourself.

Putty is a building material that allows you to level walls and get rid of cracks and irregularities before final finishing or decorating walls or other panels, which will allow you to make quality repairs.

Types of putties and their properties

Manufacturers building materials They offer putties that are already prepared and dry, sold in bags in the form of mixtures. When choosing this or another form of material release, you should pay attention to the markings indicated on the packaging. The letters KR or LR indicate that the putty is intended for ordinary rooms, and the VH marking implies use for rooms with high humidity.

There is no noticeable difference between the ready-made putty and the dry mixture. There are small nuances, such as additional additives, the maximum layer thickness obtained in one application.

An open jar or prepared amount of putty mixture must be used within 24 hours, otherwise it will lose all its properties, it will be difficult and difficult to apply, and a good result when working with such a product is not guaranteed.

There are also starting and finishing putties designed for certain stages of puttying.

To dilute the dry mixture you will need:

• dry putty mixture;
• water;
• mixing container;
• construction mixer or drill with a special attachment.

Usually putty is diluted in a ratio of 1 liter cold water for 2.5 kg of dry mixture.

The resulting putty mixture should be close in consistency to thick sour cream. Too much liquid composition will flow down the wall, thicker ones will clump on limited area, preventing you from applying an even layer of product.

It should be remembered that the resulting mixture cannot be thickened with an additional portion of dry powder, nor diluted with water. Particular attention should be paid to preventing the entry of foreign matter and dirt (particles of old material from the mixer, small stones, etc.).

Necessary tool

Puttying is not a complicated process and can be done independently. The work will require various tools.

1. different sizes from small to large (some areas of the walls will require spatulas up to 60 cm long). The blades of working spatulas should be even and smooth, without jagged edges. If your spatulas do not meet this requirement, you need to lightly sand the surfaces with fine sandpaper.

   

2. , you will need it to apply a fair amount of putty to particularly large irregularities and cracks in the walls.

   

3. . This tool is useful when repairing accidental damage to a fresh layer of putty. Due to the elasticity of the material and small sizes The spatula is convenient for applying small portions of putty to the surface and allows you to level out recesses without creating new unevenness.

   

4. Level .
5. . Fine-grained sandpaper will be very useful for the final grouting of completely puttied walls. And coarse sandpaper will come in handy before applying the first layer of putty mixture; this paper is good for rubbing the walls, removing unevenness and roughness.

   

6. , firmly fixing and holding the abrasive. It should be remembered that some coatings cannot be sanded after the final coat!

   

7. Primer and priming tools. Brushes and rollers must be clean and free of foreign materials.
8. Corner profile or painting mesh.

   

Putty stages

The entire process of applying putty material can be divided into successive stages.

Stage 1. Removing old paint or wallpaper and cleaning the walls

The main task of this stage is to make the walls as clean as possible. To do this, all stains (rust, dirt, grease) should be removed. Mold localization areas should be treated with specially designed compounds. All decorative cladding materials from the walls must be removed. Old plaster- knock down. When carrying out the above work, spatulas, construction removers and other solutions are used to facilitate the stage of cleaning the walls. Cleaned walls need to be dried without drafts; on average, drying takes from 12 to 24 hours.

Stage 2. Primer

Many people neglect priming the walls, which is absolutely in vain. The surface treated with a primer acquires greater strength and is better suited to puttying, due to the good adhesion of the putty mixture to the primed wall.

“Clean” walls are primed in two layers; if the walls are to be plastered, one layer of primer before puttying is sufficient. The primer creates a thin film on the surface of the wall and protects against the development of fungus and mold.

To work, you will need two spatulas - the middle one to collect the working mass from the container and distribute it with an even comb over a larger spatula, which will level the putty on the wall. “Working” spatulas may vary depending on the section of the wall.

Experts advise starting work from the left edge and moving clockwise. The wall is puttied slightly overlapping, trying to even out the putty mixture as much as possible. It is important to avoid applying too much putty. The spatula should be moved diagonally, imitating the movements of car wipers, running the tool along the wall at an angle of 30-35 degrees towards you and without too much pressure.

It is important to let each layer dry thoroughly - this will guarantee a strong and durable coating.

How to handle corners?

To get a perfectly even corner, you can use a special corner spatula. The main nuance is that the putty mixture is applied to the wall itself and leveled with a spatula from top to bottom.

There is an option to use a corner profile, which is glued into the corner before the first puttying or plastering. However, this method is not applicable if the walls are being prepared for painting.

In this case, you can leave more quantity putty in the corners and bring the joints of the wall panels to perfect condition at the final sanding stage.

Stage 3. Applying the first layer of putty

The first layer is usually the densest. If the walls are too uneven, then a special mesh is attached over the entire surface area, which is glued construction glue. If the walls are fairly even, then the painting mesh is glued only in the corners (internal and external). The stronger and stiffer the material, the smoother the putty surface will be.

If there are grooves in the walls and deep cracks, then the putty is first applied locally, having previously primed the crevice, and then the entire wall is treated with putty.

Construction brands offer special starting putties for this stage, which have higher elasticity and allow you to apply a layer up to 1 cm thick. But such a layer will take at least 24 hours to dry. The recommended thickness of the starting layer is 5 mm.

Stage 4. Second putty using beacons

This stage of work is similar to the previous one, only during its implementation the evenness of the wall is constantly checked building rule or level. The second layer is much thinner than the first.

An important point: when performing the second puttying, you need to “stretch” the surface as best as possible, giving it maximum evenness.

Stage 5. Final third puttying

The thinnest layer, its thickness is no more than 2.5 mm. There are also special mixtures for this stage, the main task of which is to give the surface smoothness. But, if the previous steps were performed poorly, this layer will not be able to correct the situation.

Stage 6. Final drying

Putty walls are dried at closed windows and temperature changes. Sharp fluctuations in thermal conditions and drafts can cause cracks and deformations in the putty coating. Drying using electrical installations and air heaters is unacceptable. That is, you need to dry the room with the windows closed but the interior doors open.

Stage 7. Grouting and sanding

To give the wall a final smoothness, you need to sand it using a holder. It is important to understand that when preparing walls for wallpapering, they must be sanded with an abrasive grain size ranging from P80 to P120. When preparing a wall for painting - from P120 - P150, after which the wall is primed and dried again.

Puttying is not a very complicated process, but it requires patience and certain skills in working with a spatula and tools.

Video - How to putty walls correctly?

Wall putty is a repair stage before finishing, which can be done with your own hands. The main thing is to choose the right composition and know the algorithm of work, how to putty the walls.

Wall putty is classified according to several criteria. Based on their composition, the following types of products are distinguished:

• Gypsum material. The composition applies well, hides surface defects and levels the base. The product does not shrink and has a reasonable price. However, the material is not used in rooms with high humidity.
• Cement agent. The product is moisture resistant, so it is recommended to use the composition in rooms with high humidity (bathroom, kitchen). Disadvantage: high degree of shrinkage.
• Polymer composition. The product is easy to apply, does not shrink and is moisture resistant. The disadvantage is the high price.

According to the sequence of application, the product is classified as follows:

• Starter product. It is a coarse-grained composition. It is recommended to apply the product to the surface after priming. When the question arises: what to putty with? brick wall, then you can’t do without this composition. The product hides defects and levels the building base. The composition is applied to the wall in a layer of 5 mm, and in case of numerous surface defects, the thickness can be even 20 mm.
• The finishing composition is a fine-grained product. The product is applied to the surface after cleaning the building base and priming. The product is recommended for use for leveling surfaces and better finish. Layer thickness – 1 mm.
• A universal product. Used for both rough and final work.

When considering the question of how to putty the walls, it is necessary to talk about the classification according to the degree of readiness. The dry mixture and the finished product are isolated. The second product is used immediately after opening the bucket. The material is easy to apply, so it is recommended for non-professional craftsmen to putty walls with this product. The disadvantage is the high price. A budget option for putty is a dry mixture. The disadvantage is that it needs to be prepared, and this requires a construction mixer or a drill with a mixer attachment.

In addition to the main compositions discussed above, there are also specific products:

• Adhesive compositions. The products contain drying oil, adhesives and chalk components. The material is easy to apply and has increased strength.
• Oil-adhesive products. The products contain adhesives, drying oil, chalk components, acrylates and a plasticizer. The composition is recommended for use on wooden and concrete surface. The material can only be used indoors.
• Latex products. The composition includes calcite components, plasticizers and acrylates. The product is recommended for indoor use on wooden and concrete building foundations.
• Acrylic compositions. When the question arises, what is the best way to putty a surface, many professionals recommend these products, since such materials are suitable for all types of surfaces. Acrylic putty– an environmentally friendly product that does not crack after drying.
• Facade means. The compositions are recommended for use for outdoor work. The product has increased moisture resistance and resistance to temperature changes.
• Oil products. The products contain chalk and siccatives (auxiliary components that speed up drying). This composition is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity. The product is used before applying oil and water-based paint.

Why putty the walls?

Non-professional craftsmen often have a question: why putty on walls and ceilings? This stage gives the following results:

• the surface is leveled;
• defects are masked;
• the consumption of finishing materials (glue or paint) is reduced;
• the pores of the base are filled;
• the adhesion of the surface to the finishing is improved;
• peeling is prevented finishing coating from the base;
• the operational period of finishing is extended;
• the surface is strengthened.

Putty algorithm

The instructions for using putty require careful study, especially if the repair is carried out by an amateur.

Required tools and materials

To apply the composition you will need:

• putty;
• primer;
• a set of spatulas for applying putty (as in the photo below);
• roller, brush or spray gun for priming;
• sandpaper for sanding the surface;
• container for preparing the solution if a dry product is used;
• a drill with a mixer attachment or a construction mixer.

Preparation of the composition

If a dry primer is used, dilute the mixture with water in the proportions indicated on the package, stir and apply to the surface. The finished composition does not require preparation. Use it for its intended purpose immediately after opening the package. The situation is similar with putty. Finished product Apply immediately to the walls. In this case, you cannot hesitate, since the composition hardens quickly. If you use a dry mixture, the product needs to be prepared:

• place the composition in a container and add half of it required quantity water;
• mix the solution with a drill with a mixer attachment or a construction mixer;
• Gradually add the remaining water to the composition;
• stir the product with a tool.

After 15-20 minutes, use the solution as directed.

Preparing the construction base

Lessons on puttying walls say that work begins with preparing the surface. Free the building base from the old finishing. Next, clean the surface from dust. construction vacuum cleaner. You can sweep the walls with a broom or brush and rinse with water. After this, treat the base with a degreasing solution and leave to dry. Then apply primer. Apply the product in two layers. After each application, take a break to allow the composition to dry.

Applying starter

Apply the starting agent after the primer has hardened. The thickness of the layer depends on surface defects. If the base just needs to be leveled and there are small cracks on the wall, then the product is applied with a thickness of 5 mm. If there are large defects, the layer thickness can be 2 cm. After each application of the product, take a break to allow the composition to harden. Next, clean the base. To do this, use sandpaper. Perform the work in a respirator and goggles to prevent dust from cleaning from getting into the upper respiratory tract and eyes. Next, prime the surface to clean the building base and improve the adhesion of the wall and the material.

Surface treatment with finishing compound

After the primer has dried, apply finishing putty. The composition will finally level the surface and give the wall smoothness. Layer thickness – 1 mm. When the product hardens, clean the surface with sandpaper. After sanding, prime the building base again. Apply primer in two layers. After the primer has dried, you can proceed to the next stage of work.

The video in this article will show you how to properly putty walls.

Cost of putty

When it comes to how much it costs to putty walls, it is important to understand that the price depends on the type of composition, manufacturer and packaging. The finished mixture is more expensive than the dry mixture. In addition, the popular brand sets a high price for its products. A product from a less popular manufacturer costs much less, although it has the same characteristics. Therefore, the cost of putty varies from 300 to 800 rubles per kilogram.