It is he who must take on the entire load and "carefully" shift it to the soil layers. The construction of a strip foundation implies the laying of a reinforced concrete strip completely along the perimeter of the object. A reinforced concrete strip is laid under the walls from the inside and outside of the building along the perimeter.
It is used in houses with walls made of brick, stone and high-density concrete (over 1250-1300 kg / m3). If it is laid correctly, then it is able to correctly "redistribute" the load on the walls and permanently get rid of the appearance of cracks.
Before building, you need to choose a suitable base. At the same time, the lowest prices for strip foundations should not "play" a decisive role, since an incorrect base design and excessive savings on everything can lead to distortion, cracks or even uneven shrinkage and breakdown of the building.
What is the relationship between the process of building the foundation of the strip and the service life of the future structure?
The service life of the future structure directly depends on the quality of the materials that you use in its construction:
- base - on cement, it can last about 150 years;
- "Brick" tape - from 40 to 50 years;
- prefabricated concrete structure - 60 to 75 years old.
Drawing of a strip intermittent prefabricated monolithic foundation 
drawing of a shallow strip reinforced concrete foundation
If we consider the design feature of the base, then they can be divided into 2 types:
- monolithic, which is being built on the construction site itself;
- prefabricated from massive and non-lifting blocks-packs of reinforced concrete, which are mounted directly on the construction site with a crane.
Competent and clear drawing of the strip foundation - the success of a durable and reliable construction
Before you start laying the slabs, it is extremely important to correctly and thoroughly draw up a drawing of the strip foundation. There will be few "blurry" calculations for its compilation, it is extremely important to observe all the accuracy in the calculations and take into account the possible resistance to future loads.
For such a base, reinforced concrete, a foundation slab and a block, as well as brick and rubble concrete are suitable.
strip foundation drawing 
recessed strip foundation 
strip foundation drawing 
strip foundation
The width of the "sole" of the base must be calculated based on the composition of the soil, as well as on its pressure on the foundation. To find the width of the "sole", you need to accurately calculate the base. For example, with excellent bearing capacity, the width will be 40 cm, while with the same load on collapsible soil, it doubles.
If the future house is not provided for, and the slabs will be laid no more than 1.5 meters, then when building a tape support, the mills must be made concrete (without reinforcement). When building a house with a basement, the walls of the monolith must be reinforced, while the reinforcement and the thickness of the wall itself directly depends on the deepening of the basement.
You simply cannot do without during construction, regardless of the chosen walls. This is then necessary to avoid dampness of the walls and the appearance of mold with fungus.
What is the price of a strip foundation?
As for the price of a tape support, it ranges from 3000 rubles. ($ 85) for one sq. meter, a base of cement blocks with tape will cost 2 times cheaper than 1,500 rubles. ($ 42) for one sq. meter.
To lay this foundation, you will need:
- concrete B15 - from 4300 rubles. ($ 120) / m3;
- concrete B7.5 - from 3800 rubles. ($ 105) / m3;
- fittings 10 and 12 - from 35,000 rubles. ($ 980) / t;
- masonry - 130 rubles. (3-4 $) / bag;
- FBS 24-5-6 - from 3500 rubles. ($ 95-99) / for 1 block.
When drawing up a drawing of a strip base, it is imperative to calculate the future estimated load, which consists of the weight of the floors, roof and load-bearing walls. When taking into account, it is necessary to take into account the estimated weight of the snow cover, which lingers on the roof of the building in winter. Accurate calculations will help you calculate the required volume of mortar required for pouring, the volume of earthworks and the length of the metal roll required for reinforcement.
Only the right materials can be saved on the laying of plates. It is not worth saving on the materials themselves, choosing cheaper analogs, since such "savings" can cause cracks on the walls over time and you just have to do a major overhaul or a complete restructuring of the foundation.
The drawing of which in a simplified form is a top view with an indication of the linear dimensions.
Features of the strip foundation
The strip foundation belongs to the class of monolithic foundations, but it is more economical than the slab foundation. While reducing the consumption of concrete and reinforcing structures, such supports remain highly reliable for low-rise housing construction and are also used in the construction of fences, utility and household buildings of various types.
Types of supports
A foundation plan of this type can represent two types of support structures:
- monolithic, in the production of which the solution is poured into a trench with filling,
- made with the laying of finished reinforced concrete products.
The depth of the trench in both cases is greater than the level of freezing of the soil, and the width is calculated taking into account the load.
Rice. 2. A simple and understandable schematic representation of a monolithic tape support with dimensions.
Influencing factors
When performing engineering calculations, the following factors are taken into account:
- the total weight of the structure (during the construction of buildings, the materials from which the construction will be made, the internal layout, the number of floors, the number and size of window and door openings are taken into account),
- the type of soil affecting the degree of shrinkage,
- load value during operation.
Features of building a plan
A strip-type support plan is created according to certain rules.
- Selectable scaling of 1: 100 or 1: 400.
- Before construction, an axial marking is performed.
- If there are columns, their location is indicated on the diagram.
- The general outline of the structure is applied with lines of 0.5-0.8 mm.
The complete plan includes images of the footing and soles, showing the locations of the depth differences typical of uneven surfaces and the holes for the entry of communications. The latter can be depicted in two ways:
- with full schematic representation and indication of data on the lowest point,
- an axial point by transferring basic data (diameter, parameters of the lower point) to the explication.
Communication holes and ledges are depicted by shading or contouring, with broken lines. If necessary, such images are specified with explanations or footnotes.
Image of difficult areas
If the plan depicts a prefabricated or monolithic foundation of a complex configuration, it is difficult to convey the nuances of the device on a single complete diagram. In this case, more complex planning methods are used:
- additional images of sections are applied to the main drawing, ensuring their axial correspondence,
- if necessary, make such cuts larger, they are performed on separate supplementary sheets indicating all the necessary data (digital, explanations, arrows indicating the type of section, etc.).
Scaling 1:20, 1:25 or 1:50 is selected in accordance with the complexity of the sections.
Additional sections indicate:
- ground level,
- floor level,
- general outline of the supporting structure,
- heat and waterproofing.
Possible additions to the general scheme
If a monolithic or prefabricated strip-type foundation is planned, for the most complete information necessary for builders, the general plan is accompanied by:
- a reinforcement scheme, drawn up taking into account the load and geometric parameters (the reinforcement is laid in the lower and upper parts in the horizontal direction, with a total support height of more than 1.5 meters, additional vertical reinforcement is required),
- notes containing information on the nuances of the design,
- recommendations for preparatory work,
- information on hydro and thermal insulation,
- tables showing the load rates for a specific substructure.
Penetration rate
The deepening of the strip foundation is determined in accordance with the purpose of the support. There are two main types of structures - buried and shallow. This feature is necessarily reflected in the plan.
- Shallow-buried species are used in the construction of small brick or concrete structures, as well as in the construction of wooden structures on soils of a slightly heaving type. The depth of the trench in this case is 50-70 cm.
- Recessed types of strip foundations with reinforced reinforcement are suitable for large houses that have basements or basements, heavy floors. The optimum trench depth is 20-30 m greater than the soil freezing depth.
The plan always contains information about the depth of the belt.
The consumption of materials for the implementation of buried supports is much higher.
Differences between the drawings of prefabricated and monolithic supports
Above, the principle was described by which a plan is drawn up for any strip foundation, be it monolithic or prefabricated. At the same time, the drawing, which shows the prefabricated type of support, has a characteristic difference - the elevation of the whole and corner reinforced concrete blocks is indicated in the images.
Self-calculation
Without experience and qualifications, it is not difficult to create a plan for supporting structures if the precast foundation is calculated for outbuildings or fences. To do this, it is enough to take into account the following parameters:
- vertical soil shrinkage,
- load from the weight of the main structure,
- load from a roof with a rafter system, when it comes to outbuildings or household buildings,
- load from soil pressure acting from the sides.
For insurance, the resulting load values are increased by 2%.
Professional planning
Plan tape support for a residential building requires more detailed calculations and professional execution. When performing calculations, a specialist takes into account the current provisions of SNiP and takes into account the slightest nuances, including operational loads, the possible weight of a snow cap on the roof, weight reduction when making window and door openings.
Requirements for circuits
Plan a tape-type foundation must meet the following requirements:
- easy readability,
- completeness of information on the main diagram,
- availability of additional information in applications,
- sufficiency of data for construction without the need to perform additional calculations.
A detailed and complete drawing of any type of substructure is easy to implement. It eliminates the likelihood of discrepancies and errors at the stage of preparatory work and installation.
Strip footing plan, drawing updated: February 26, 2018 by: zoomfund
In construction, this type of foundation is called a tape foundation, which is monolithic and is a concrete foundation poured along the contour of the structure, i.e. "Tape". Due to its strength and large area of bearing surfaces, the strip foundation is used for the construction of various types of buildings, but in order for it to be poured correctly, it will be necessary not only to carry out rather heavy and long earthworks. One of the main elements at the preparatory stage is the strip foundation scheme for the house.
The foundation plan is the main one in the list of construction documents, and it must indicate those linear characteristics on which the following factors depend:
- the weight for which this foundation is designed (depends on the materials used for construction, the number of floors, the internal layout, the purpose of the building, etc.);
- design features (with or without a basement, underground, cellar, with or without the possibility of creating a basement).
If the strip foundation scheme is created with errors or major errors, then this can entail a variety of consequences: from the inability to complete the required implementation of the house project as it was conceived, to destructive processes in the foundation and, as a result, in the entire structure of the building.
What should be considered when creating a foundation diagram?
The following aspects need to be taken into account:
- type of soil: the degree of foundation shrinkage depends on this;
- the estimated weight of the building;
- the degree of load during operation.
Diagram of the strip foundation device - construction features
Typically, to create a plan, scaling from 1 to 100 to 1 to 400 is applied. First, the layout along the axes is performed. If the structure provides for columns, then along their contours, the general axial directions should be noted: their intersection is preserved. The outlines of the base are drawn with lines from 0.5 to 0.8 cm. The layout of the strip foundation should include the base, footing, transition points in depth of various sections of the foundation (with an uneven ground surface) and beams. Also on the diagram, holes for communications should be marked, which should be tied to the axial marking and indicated lower points. Sometimes only the points of placement of such holes are marked on the plan, and their parameters (diameter, lower point) are taken out in separate information or for explication.
In addition, on the diagram, it is necessary to indicate the depth of occurrence: a strip foundation, the plan of which does not include this information in the form of the surveyor's marks, is not considered ready for flooding, since an incorrect calculation of the depth is fraught with further destructive processes if it is insufficient, and unnecessary costs if it is will be too big. Geodetic marks are placed on each ledge, and if the depth is uniform throughout the foundation, then the basement bottom is indicated in the explication, and on the diagram itself, only those parts that have a different depth should be noted.
To indicate holes for communications or ledges, a dashed line or shading of such areas is used. Some parts of the plan can be depicted with large scaling on a separate sheet, if their design is a complex type of layout. Also, on the plans of strip foundations, indicators are applied for the width of the cutoffs and soles with the ratio for axial indicators. Sections can be drawn on a scale of 1 to 20, 1 to 25, or 1 to 50, and if they are small, they can be placed on the same sheet as the master plan. When creating a section, they show the outlines of the foundation, the level of the floors, the presence of basements, the level of the ground and the presence of heat and waterproofing.
Important! If external walls are displayed, then the blind area is also displayed in the section. It should also show the parameters of the ledges, the length, width and thickness of the walls. It is best if the center mark is also indicated here.
What else can include a strip footing plan?
The diagram may also include a table that lists the norms for loads on a given type of foundation and the features of parts of a structure made of metal and concrete that are installed below the floor level. In the plan, it is also necessary to indicate the amount of reinforcement that is necessary to strengthen the concrete: it must be above and below the foundation, and inside it the reinforcement is placed horizontally. At a height of 1.5 meters and above, the foundation must be reinforced and across.
Also, the layout of the strip foundation contains notes and notes placed on a separate sheet or free space, which indicate information about structural details, the preparatory stage for creating a base, a method of heat and waterproofing, etc.
Important advice! One of the essential parameters when creating a schematic is the safety factor, and it should be taken into account immediately. This may require reinforcing the concrete with additional reinforcement.
In general, the layout of the strip foundation on the plan should be accurate, contain accurate information on the base of the building, so that after it has been drawn up, you can already start pouring.
The foundation plan is the most important stage in the construction of any building. Its accuracy and information content determine the quality of further work, which is why it is so important to know the general rules for drawing up a plan.
Peculiarities
The main reason for developing a project plan for a residential building or industrial structure is the need to fix all the little things that may occur during the construction phase. It is important to know all the nuances of work in order to avoid gross mistakes.
Not all people are able to draw up a construction drawing on their own. In this case, it is better to seek professional help. Any person, having contacted a construction company and providing their sketches for drawing up a plan, can not only follow the progress of the work, but also take an active part in it. At the same time, the customer must discuss the details of cooperation with the executing company in advance in order to conclude a mutually beneficial contract.
To create project documentation, you must wait until the completion of the building plan. To agree on the project, you need to contact the project company, which will check its correctness. After that, the customer will receive a complete list of works that will be needed to fill the foundation.
When creating a project, it is necessary to rely on the technical characteristics of the future structure.
In no case should you use other people's projects of similar structures, since they do not take into account the features of a particular site.
The development of the foundation project should be carried out taking into account all technical standards and design conditions. It is necessary to use a special catalog of products and structures that are produced in factories. To facilitate understanding of the project, all stages of the project documentation should have serial numbers.
For simplicity and ease of transferring the scheme to the terrain, it is necessary to accurately observe the scaling of each part of the plan. Particularly large detail images must be scaled separately. The overall scaling of the foundation plan should be in ratios of 1: 100, 1: 200, 1: 300, and 1: 400.
The axial marking makes it possible to significantly facilitate the transfer of the drawing to the terrain. In this case, the alignment and extreme axes should be plotted not only on the general plan, but also on the detail views and individual elements. To obtain a detailed accurate drawing, it is important to indicate the distance between the extreme and alignment axes.
Sequence of design
Before the design documentation of the building is drawn up, it is important to determine its purpose. For example, you need to decide whether the foundation will be intended for a low-rise residential building or for a summer-type summer cottage.
In a country or private house, the exact number of rooms must be determined. If necessary, the number of living quarters should include rooms intended for guests. The draft plan must have a detailed drawing of the base.
The foundation drawing should include the total weight of the building, the degree of increase in the load during operation and the characteristics of the soil. Here it is important to indicate the type of soil on which the strength and durability of the future structure depends.
The next stage of creating a project is the calculation and indication of all additional buildings on the site. These may include: garage, sauna, storage room, outdoor toilet.
People who want to create a secluded recreation area on their site need a special layout for the location of the foundation. It is important for them to place the front facade so that it is hidden from prying eyes by landscape decorations.
Before completing the creation of the foundation plan, you need to indicate the necessary land work to eliminate the unevenness of the site. Only after that you can proceed to drawing up a master plan and drawing a drawing of the base on paper.
Accurate planning and well-designed drawings allow construction work to be carried out with a good economy of effort, money and time. After the approval of the building plan, you can immediately prepare a septic tank in order to more accurately position the building.
Planning different types of foundations
There are several types of foundation, which have their own individual characteristics.
For the construction of a residential building, a strip, pile or slab base can be used.
Strip foundation
Requires support on non-heaving soil with removed moisture and compensated frost heaving force. To obtain a durable base, you need to find out the composition of the soil and identify the depth of the groundwater in order to make a special calculation of the section of reinforcement and tape.
When creating a plan for the support of a house, you need to indicate the configuration of the section, the location of utilities, the type of footing and the depth of laying the supports. To obtain the most accurate drawing, it is also necessary to correctly specify the coordinates and parameters of the reference block. Installation of the base begins with the installation of the reading block, and only then other elements are attached.
Pile foundation
Should consist of marking the pile field with the indication of the coordinate axes. The drawing should mark the position of all supports that are required to create this type of base.
The most difficult thing is to execute the grillage foundation, since it should consist of a grillage installation diagram and explanatory notes about the materials used. However, this type of pile foundation is considered more reliable and durable, since its design allows you to evenly distribute the weight of the building on the support.
Slab foundation
Should consist of a reinforcement scheme, heat and waterproofing systems. Its installation can be carried out close to the soil surface, which will avoid the influence of frosty swelling of the earth on the structure.
The plan of a monolithic dense foundation should consist of a layout of compacted soil, a special rammed "pillow", a layer of dornite and concrete, as well as a layer of hydro and thermal insulation. A monolithic slab and a reinforcing belt of a concrete slab are laid on top of the waterproofing materials, which should also be indicated in the drawing.
The layout of the strip and pile base should consist of sections intended to clarify the plan. Support contours, waterproofing layers, blind area and ledge sizes should be displayed on the sections.
The tape type requires the indication of levels, including the surface of the ground, the base of the foundation and the edge.
To simplify the installation of the section, you need to draw open strokes with arrows on the plan, which indicate the direction of the section plane.
Dependence on the size of the structure
To design a future structure, it is necessary to take into account not only the type of soil and the territorial location of the site, but also the area of the house. The load on the ground depends on the size of the structure. For example, it can be construction on a 7x9, 9x9 or 10x10 m foundation.
To make a 7 by 9 m base, it is better to use a strip foundation under the house. Before installing it, you need to calculate the minimum area and depth of the concrete support. The ideal condition for the installation of a belt structure is subsidence soil, which is characterized by low natural moisture, dusty composition and high structural strength.
According to the rules for drawing up a foundation plan, it is important to indicate all preparatory work in the project.
To do this, you need to make a markup for the structure, which will indicate the boundaries of the trench and the depth of the location of the supports. For better strength, the bottom is best made of drainage layers, including gravel, sand and water.
The planning of a residential building should take place with the formation of formwork. For high-quality construction of a 7x9 or 9x9 house, it is best to use an edged planed board 2.5-3 cm thick and 10-15 cm wide. Such boards will allow you to get an even base that does not require additional finishing work.
The formwork structure should be located 40 cm above the trench level, and the maximum gap between the boards should be 0.3 cm.After the installation of the formwork, a layer of waterproofing should be installed to prevent premature evaporation of moisture and increase the strength of the support.
The support frame for the structure is an integral part of a solid foundation. Therefore, it is preferable to use metal fittings with a diameter of 11 mm for it.
The construction plan should include the calculation of the concrete solution that will be needed to fill the base. Incorrect calculations can lead to a shortage of mixture, which will seriously affect the strength and reliability of the foundation.
To prepare a high-quality solution, it is recommended to use a cement grade of at least M250, coarse or medium sand and crushed stone.
