The old system for the construction of wooden and stone houses provided for a system of insulation during the construction process. Warming did not stand out as a separate area of work, it was carried out along with the erection of the walls and was a matter of course. Now the concern about how to properly insulate a frame house is the main concern for builders.
The order of work on insulation
The building materials market does not suffer from a shortage of insulation for walls, floors and ceilings. Each owner wants to choose something extraordinary, but natural and not harmful to health, so that it is thorough, long-lasting and inexpensive. The intensity of heat exchange greatly affects not only your health, mood and warmth in the house, but also the state of your wallet, since heating services are becoming more and more important. Therefore, most often you have to insulate the frame house with your own hands.
Insulation is an inevitable process of any construction, the need to insulate floors and ceilings is caused by their very structural feature.
This part of the work requires as much attention to itself as the construction of the frame itself. can be produced using various technologies:
- along the outer wall, attic and subfloor;
- on the inside of the walls and on the ceiling;
- both outside and inside the house;
- uneven insulation of different parts of the building.
At the same time, there are various methods of work, when using which the walls retain maximum heat in the frame house.
If the builders did not carry out the work on the insulation clearly enough, they will have to roll up their sleeves and finish, alter, bring the insulation "to mind", starting from the walls and ending with the underground, or even again with our own hands. At the same time, it is important to systematically, purposefully and carefully insulate all the above areas. The ceiling is subject to more dense insulation, and the layer of insulation should be much larger than on the walls - by 25-50%. Close attention should be paid to both external and internal wall insulation; floor insulation should not be ignored either.
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Types of heaters for a frame house
Wall insulation does not represent any structural features or difficulties even for a non-professional. The only difficulty is the choice of insulation. Heaters are produced in two categories - on a synthetic basis and on the basis of natural ingredients. The most commonly used insulation materials for frame houses:
- expanded polystyrene;
- Styrofoam;
- ecowool;
- mineral wool.
which is subdivided according to the material of manufacture into:
- glass;
- slag;
- stone.
In expanded polystyrene there is an aluminum layer, which significantly improves its thermal insulation. Foil gives it, in addition to increased thermal insulation qualities, also moisture and steam resistance. This technology allows you to reduce the thickness of the insulation, while maintaining the same properties. It is produced in sheet and roll form. For wall decals, it can be produced with a self-adhesive surface.
The main disadvantage of polystyrene, if outside, is the negative influence of sunlight, leading to its destruction. This insulation needs protection when used outdoors. This protection can be paint or plaster. Its advantages include a wide choice of material thickness, fire resistance and environmental safety.
Mineral wool gained its popularity due to not only good thermal insulation properties, but also excellent fire resistance and excellent noise absorption. This material does not shrink over time. Available in rolls and in sheet format.
Ecowool is made from cellulose fibers. Valuable for environmental friendliness. In dry form, it is rammed into the walls, and wetted with water is applied to the interframe gaps of the walls. The possibility of glass wool is used extremely rarely due to a number of serious disadvantages. These include the fragility of fibers, which results in the formation of glass dust, which negatively affects health throughout the entire period of operation. This type of insulation is prone to shrinkage.
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Pitfalls during insulation
Mineral wool, made on the basis of slags, when moisture gets in, becomes aggressive towards metals, and it has a very low level of heat conservation. Wool, the production of which is based on basalt, stone wool is an excellent opportunity to insulate frame walls. Environmentally friendly, durable, possessing both good insulating qualities in terms of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability, and excellent fire-fighting properties.
However, if there are good insulation materials on the market, the desire still runs into problems. They consist in the difference between the vapor, moisture and heat permeability of the insulation. Polyfoam, for example, has good moisture resistance, but its heat resistance leaves much to be desired, and mineral wool, on the contrary, has problems with moisture protection. That is, it is necessary to insulate the frame walls after distributing the insulation according to the degree of resistance to various environments.
The use of mineral wool should be limited when insulating the house from the outside or provide protection from moisture, otherwise the heat insulator can become a conductor of heat. But on the other hand, the frame house must have air exchange with the outside environment. Natural heat insulators are good in this regard, such as:
- clay;
- tyrsa;
- straw.
They carry out natural heat exchange, maintain an optimal humidity regime in the room, and provide protection against noise. Being used as a heater on, they clearly fulfill their functions predetermined by nature itself. But working with them is a long and laborious process, unacceptable for our high-speed century.
To prevent the appearance of excess moisture and steam, as well as to effectively collect them, glassine is used. This long-standing companion of wall insulation is mounted inside the outer skin of the frame. It allows you to leave dry insulation, which performs the main function - heat retention. At the same time, a gap must be left between it and the insulation to allow the glassine to dry out and prevent the insulation from getting wet. The air gap, in addition, in itself will be a natural thermal protection, complementing the main insulation and creating a healthy microclimate in the house.
To keep warm and cozy in your house in winter, you need to make good thermal insulation of the outer walls. As a result, the percentage of heat loss should significantly decrease, and the air temperature will be more stable even in severe frost. If you want to do the insulation of the walls of a frame house with your own hands, then select the appropriate material that will suit you according to its characteristics, and then proceed with the installation work.
Thermal insulation in houses is installed not only in order to better protect the premises from freezing. This measure creates a different microclimate in the apartment. Using high-quality materials for thermal insulation, you can prevent the appearance of dampness in the house. Therefore, in the rooms, the likelihood of the appearance of fungus or mold on the walls is practically excluded. The installed insulation from the inside of the room will be able to prevent the accumulation of condensation on the walls.
Of course, properly made thermal insulation in your home will allow you to maintain comfortable living conditions throughout the cold season. If you grow indoor plants, then this will be an additional plus and a guarantee that they will not die in severe frosts.
Correct installation of insulation using technology can increase the service life of the main structures of the house, and other elements. For example, freezing of walls can affect the quality and adhesion time of adhesive mortars, plaster, etc. When the wall freezes through, their structure is disturbed, so the wallpaper may begin to lag behind the walls, and the putty may crack.
Video "How to properly insulate"
From the video you will learn how to properly insulate a house.
Thermal protection materials
Today, a wide variety of materials are used as insulation for the house, which differ in characteristics. When making thermal insulation with your own hands from the inside of the house, pay attention to the following parameters:
- safety for human health (allergies are possible);
- fire resistance;
- density;
- resistance to temperature extremes and moisture;
- ease of handling and fastening;
- tendency to deformation;
- average service life;
- low level of thermal conductivity;
- ratio of quality and price.
These criteria should become decisive when choosing a building material for insulating a room from the inside.
Among the most common means for thermal protection equipment can be found mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, and polystyrene foam. One of these options will be the best solution if you want to do all the work yourself.
In some situations, sawdust and expanded clay can be used. They are suitable for warming a basement, cellar and similar premises. Sometimes they are used by gardeners in greenhouses for thermal insulation for the winter or as drainage.
Types of mineral wool
Mineral wool has become the most common insulation due to the combination of all the positive qualities. This material can have several compositions, where the base and its density change.
There are three types of mineral wool: slag, basalt and glass. Among them, glass wool has gained great popularity. It is convenient because it comes in a convenient form. Production technologies yield compressed blocks and plates, which have a fairly large thickness.
When you plan to carry out the installation of thermal insulation from the inside with your own hands, you need to immediately calculate the required thickness of glass wool. You can buy suitable rolls right away and you will not need to trim excess pieces during operation. 
When insulating floors with mineral wool, it is better to take plates with a thickness that will approximately coincide with the wooden frame at the base. Plates are perfect for installing thermal insulation in the attic or attic.
Insulated frame house structures
When you start laying insulation with your own hands from the inside of the house, you need to remember that such work requires adherence to technology. Otherwise, these measures will not give the expected result. First you need to determine which structure will be insulated, and then prepare.
If you follow the technology, then you can easily arrange thermal insulation in a frame house with your own hands. Installation can be done on floors, walls, or attic or attic floors. Mineral wool is used for insulation from the inside; it is not suitable for external fastening. 
In a situation where the equipped insulation from the inside gives a poor result, then additional insulation outside the house can be done. Foam and special adhesive bases are already used here. Thus, a two-layer insulation is created.
Wall insulation
If you are doing thermal protection with your own hands from the inside, then it is better to learn more about the technology of laying building material. Insulation is usually placed between the wall and the sheathing. It is best to make a wooden lathing that will be fixed to the wall. It is very easy to use, and the installation can be divided into several stages.
If you want to make simple thermal insulation from the inside, then it will be enough to install one crate. This technology involves laying one layer of mineral wool (or other insulation) into empty grooves, and then everything is sewn up with cladding - clapboard, drywall, etc. 
It is best to apply a multi-layer type of thermal insulation. For this, the interior decoration of the room is made. After that, a vapor barrier layer is laid and fixed in order to protect the surface from the accumulation of condensation. Then the first lathing is made, it bears the greatest load, therefore, the wooden blocks should be of great thickness, and the wood species should be of high density. You should not take pine or spruce, it is best to use beech, ash for lathing. Oak is very expensive and difficult to process, so this will be an unnecessary problem.
After taking measurements, you can start installing the wooden lathing. The technology is simple - vertical rungs are installed in increments of 50 to 70 centimeters. The thickness of the timber should not be too large, since this design affects the area of the room, and too much glass wool should not be laid, since the quality does not always depend on the quantity. For strength, horizontal strips are also made; it is best to mount them under the ceiling and slightly above the floor.
After installing the wooden frame, mineral wool is covered in the grooves. When the insulation is in place, you can put a superdiffusion membrane in a thin layer. Then a second lathing is made on top with wooden planks with a small thickness. They are attached to the first with special wood screws. At the final stage, the facing material is fixed, which completely hides the multilayer insulation.
Insulation of floors
In a wooden frame house, ceilings are often made along the beams. When arranging thermal insulation, insulation slabs are placed between the supporting structures of the main floors. You can use roll materials, but for spreading them, preliminary installation of the lower sheathing or solid flooring will be required. If everything is done correctly, then you can significantly reduce the percentage of heat loss in the house. 
When insulating with mineral wool in the form of rigid slabs, it is better to take the step of the wooden floor beams so that about 570-580 mm remain clean between them. This will ensure maximum ease of installation work with 600 mm wide slabs and complete filling of the space with heat-insulating material. Rigid boards have a high density in contrast to soft mineral wool. Due to the density, all dimensions must be more accurate, since extra millimeters cannot be pressed under the cladding.
Installation of pitched roof insulation has the same principle as for other structures. Instead of the lathing, you need to make the truss system correctly, as well as add a waterproofing and vapor barrier layer to prevent moisture from entering the insulation. 
If the house is just being built, then the roof will need to be laid last, since this will greatly facilitate the work - the roof slope is at a large angle and it becomes a problem to reach all the necessary places. After the roof, the cladding is already done from the inside.
Frame houses are deservedly considered healthy housing, since the main material of such houses is wood, which does not lose its relevance from year to year. Frame construction is popular and is developing in many construction companies, as well as in the private sector.
A frame house is an ideal option for inexpensive and attractive housing, and more than 20% of construction is currently underway. The cost of materials and work for the construction of a frame house starts from 300-500 thousand rubles, which is much less than the cost of a small but full-fledged apartment. Even in such an inexpensive frame house, you can create comfortable living conditions, not only by finishing, but also by creating the correct insulation of the frame house.
Insulation of a frame house
After building the main structure, creating thermal insulation is the first thing to do. It is very important to choose the right type of insulation for a frame house.
Styrofoam
Polyfoam is the most common and cheapest option to perform step-by-step insulation of a frame house. This material is easy to transport but fragile and liable to break. The disadvantages of polystyrene include its fire hazard and the release of harmful substances during combustion and even simply when the temperature rises.
The frame is sheathed with polystyrene.
Insulation of a frame house with foam is most often done due to low thermal conductivity, and this characteristic is the most important for insulation. Also, when insulating the walls of a frame house with foam, you can save a lot on thermal insulation work and do it yourself. When installing the foam, you do not need to make a vapor barrier.
Mineral wool
Mineral wool is an excellent sound insulator and heat insulator, the most fireproof material for insulating a frame house with your own hands. However, it can absorb moisture well enough, deteriorate under its influence, crack and collapse.
Insulation of a frame house is used with the mandatory installation of a vapor barrier, which is made from a special waterproof film. The joints of the film are overlapped and glued with reinforced tape or special adhesive tape.
Basalt wool Isover.
What you need to pay attention to when choosing a heater:
- Thermal conductivity.
- Fire resistance.
- Frost resistance.
- Noise isolation.
- Lifetime.
- Ease of installation when insulating a frame house with your own hands.
On a note
It is better to insulate a frame house with mineral wool in the form of slabs, and not rolls, because breaks and damage will be excluded.
Other types of insulation
- Ecowool is a high-tech material, in which there is absolutely no opportunity for rodents and insects to live. The material is ideal for insulating a frame house from the inside in terms of its characteristics, its only drawback is the rather large cost of both the material and the procedure for its installation.
- - expanded clay, slags, sawdust. Quite good insulation, which is currently used more on flat surfaces. You can insulate the roof and floor of a frame house with the obligatory use of waterproofing, as it often gets wet, settles and requires replacement.
- Glassine - thick paper processed with bitumen. Excellent moisture insulator, excellent wind protection.
- Polyurethane foam is a good material with a number of significant disadvantages - it is afraid of direct sunlight, high-cost insulation of a frame house from the outside.
- Penoplex - it includes extruded polystyrene foam. Penoplex is produced by rectangular plates of different thickness from 20 to 100 mm. Insulation of a frame house with penoplex is justified by the fact that the material does not emit harmful substances. Like foam, it conducts heat poorly, but is much stronger and easier to process.
Mineral wool. Insulation of the walls of a frame house is performed after the construction of the power frame and placing it under the roof. This procedure is due to the preservation of materials from getting wet. Especially if wadded heaters are used, which lose their heat-saving properties when water gets in.
The video of the insulation of a frame house shows that mineral wool can also be installed with the internal insulation of a frame house. In the future, the insulation plates are closed with OSB or clapboard. Additional insulation of a frame house made from the inside takes up part of the usable area.
Before taking measures to strengthen the walls of the frame house, it is necessary to carry out a "general cleaning", to clean all the beams and niches inside the frame of the house. Seal joints and cracks with polyurethane foam.
Cross insulation
In modern house construction, cross-insulation of a frame house from the outside is popular. This method of insulation helps to get rid of cold bridges that arise at the points of contact between the insulation and the wooden frame. Also, wood itself is a cold bridge.
Vertical cross paneling. The usual thickness of the insulation of a frame house is 150 mm, which is placed between the frame posts. Insulation is used in the form of slabs, while its width should be one cm larger than the distance between the posts, which will allow the insulation to adhere more tightly to the tree.
Additionally, horizontal bars of 50x50 mm are nailed from the outside of the frame, with a distance of 590 mm between them for tight fixation of the insulation, the size of which is 600 mm. Further, a moisture-proof membrane is attached to the crate with a stapler and overlap, and blocks the ingress of moisture into the inside of the frame.
A counter crate is nailed onto the moisture-proof membrane and then the facade material, thereby creating a space for ventilation and removal of excess moisture. A ventilated facade is created, which is simply necessary in the technology of insulating a frame house.
On a note
There is no need to do steam and waterproofing from the outside - this will spoil the wood of the frame more. It is important to leave a small distance between the outer cladding and the façade to ensure better ventilation.
We insulate the ceiling. Insulation of the ceiling of a frame house
Before carrying out work on the insulation of the ceiling in a frame house, it is necessary to install a ventilation system and think over the openings for the exit of all pipes.
From the side of the attic or, if the frame house is a multi-storey one, a layer of foil-coated foam foam is attached, also with a construction stapler, and layers of mineral wool are laid between the beams. Additional insulation will be strips of glassine laid on top of the cotton wool and an unedged board.
Insulation of the floor and ceiling. Floor insulation
It is better to carry out insulation after installing the power frame of the house and bringing the building under the roof in order to avoid getting the insulation material wet. is done between the logs on the rough floor, another layer of insulation is placed on top, and then covered with sheets of chipboard or OSB.
Foam or mineral wool can be used as insulation for the floor. It is not advisable to combine these two materials in insulation due to their different characteristics. The thickness of the insulation of a frame house can be quite large, but then it should be taken into account already at the design stage and leave the necessary gaps.
Pitched roof. Roof insulation
If it is planned to equip, then the roof is insulated in the rafter system. And if the attic will not be heated, then the insulation is carried out on the overlap of the upper floor.
Insulation of the roof of a frame house can be carried out using inexpensive materials such as straw, shavings, sawdust. They are not expensive, but quite fire hazardous and susceptible to the development of microorganisms and fungal infections. Of course, this is already the last century.
We put mineral wool in the frame of the house. There is a new scheme for insulating a frame house, which is based on the use of modern thermal insulation materials. Now they prefer mineral wool, polystyrene, penoplex. Also for a flat roof, you can lay bulk insulation.
Useful Tips- The thickness of the insulation of a house built using frame technology depends on where the insulation is intended. Typically, the thickness of the insulation is from 150 to 200 mm.
- House installation technology indicates the presence of chipping and nails in the beams. In order not to damage the insulation, it is recommended to clean and grind damaged structures.
- Before starting work on the internal insulation of the frame, seal the cracks and joints with polyurethane foam and pieces of mineral wool.
If you decide to carry out the insulation of a frame house with your own hands, the step-by-step instructions on our website will help you understand the process and do everything at minimal cost. The price of insulating a frame house will depend on many factors, therefore, first of all, choose heaters and materials that do not require special skills and equipment during installation.
The question of how to insulate a frame house, in those countries where this technology came to us, is usually not worth it - it is believed that it is sufficiently insulated at the structure level. Our winters are very harsh - in the central part of the country the frosts are much stronger than at the same latitude in Europe or North America, so even frame houses have to be insulated, in the design of which a layer of insulation is initially provided.
Another layer of insulation for our climate will not be "superfluous"
The choice of insulation for a frame house
Before insulating a frame house from the outside, you need to find out what kind of insulation materials were used inside the walls. And already focusing on their properties, choose an insulation scheme. Such dependence is determined at the level of standards, where it is directly stated that the materials and the scheme of external insulation should not create conditions for the wall itself to get wet. What does this mean?
It is estimated that in a day, during the life of one person, up to 4 liters of water evaporate in the room: cooking, washing, hygiene, wet cleaning, pets and indoor plants. The main part must be eroded by ventilation, but the other part of the moisture will penetrate into the building envelope.
The standard wall scheme is a frame sheathed with thin-sheet materials on both sides, between which it is located to insulate. And so that it does not get wet, it is protected from the inside with a vapor-tight membrane, from the outside - with a windproof and waterproofing film capable of "passing" water vapor.
Standard scheme of the facade of a frame house
If you use heat insulation outside with a vapor permeability lower than that of the main insulation, then the process of diffusion (removal) of water vapor into the street will be disrupted.
Three types of materials are used in the construction of the wall of a frame house:
- expanded polystyrene;
- polyurethane foam (mainly in SIP panels);
- mineral wool.
Polymer insulation has approximately the same vapor permeability, and it is low.
Note... The exception is PVC foam, but this is an expensive insulation, which is used to insulate the hulls of yachts and other small vessels of the elite class.
If a frame house is insulated with mineral wool, the scheme should take into account that it is a "breathable" material, but hygroscopic. The latter property is compensated for by the fact that the fibrous structure (as opposed to the cellular one) gives off moisture as easily as it absorbs. Provided its free weathering.
- If polystyrene or polyurethane foam is laid inside the wall, then the outside of the frame house can be insulated with any material.
- If there is mineral wool inside, then only it can stand outside. Alternatively, ecowool or open-cell sprayed PU foam, which have approximately the same vapor permeability coefficient.
It is advisable to insulate the frame house outside and inside.
Properties, advantages and disadvantages of heaters
Each type of insulation has a certain "set" of properties that affect the choice. Vapor permeability was mentioned above. It is worth focusing on other qualities and differences.
Density
What is the density of the insulation for the walls of the frame house, in addition to the thermal insulation itself, also affects the method of fastening. When using insulation with sheets or mats fastening inside the frame (crate), there are no strict requirements for strength.
Stone wool... If we are talking about stone wool, then it should not be too loose - so that it does not slip and crumple in a vertical structure. In ventilated facades, its density can start from 50 kg / m³.
When choosing a "wet" facade technology with a thin layer of light plaster, mineral wool should have a density of at least 85 kg / m³. For heavy plaster - from 125 kg / m³.
Note... The division of plaster is rather arbitrary. Light is considered up to 1500 kg / m³, heavy - over.
Considering that the density of cement is 1100-1300 kg / m³, and that of acrylic polymers is about 1200 kg / m³, then the main factor influencing the "weight" is fillers. For decorative facade plaster, coarse quartz sand, screenings and stone chips are usually used, which provide higher resistance to mechanical stress, but increase the specific gravity. Therefore, most of its types are heavy.
Choosing the density of expanded polystyrene is a little easier. When insulating outside, it is used either according to the "wet" facade scheme, or as part of thermal panels. And here we are usually talking about PSB-S-25 or PSB-S-35. The second option is preferable - stronger, with practically the same thermal conductivity.
Extruded polystyrene foam used for facade insulation has a density of 35 kg / m³. But thanks to the cellular structure with a monolithic "skeleton" (and not glued from separate microcapsules), its strength is much higher than that of ordinary PSP-S-35 foam.
Extruded polystyrene foam is not susceptible to water
PPU (polyurethane foam)... There are two types of sprayed PU foam: open cell and closed cell.
Open-cell polyurethane foam refers to lightweight insulation (9–11 kg / m³). In terms of properties, it is akin to mineral wool: high vapor permeability and almost the same coefficient of thermal conductivity. It can only be used when spraying between frame elements or lathing, followed by paneling. But it is more expensive than mineral wool.
Closed-cell sprayed PU foam for facade insulation has a density of 28–32 kg / m³. It is already able to withstand a layer of finishing plaster and has the lowest thermal conductivity among all types of insulation.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of house insulation. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Thermal conductivity
The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the thermal insulation properties of the material. For calculations, the coefficients fixed at the level of standards are used. Although manufacturers often indicate the characteristics that they received during laboratory tests, and they always differ for the better. However, when calculating according to normative indicators, you can be sure that it will not get worse.
Comparison of thermal conductivity of different materials
Both two-component and one-component polyurethane foam are considered the best thermal insulation materials. According to some sources, their thermal conductivity is not higher, and sometimes lower than that of dry air - 0.02–0.023 W / m * deg. Expanded polystyrene insulation has the same coefficient in the range of 0.031–0.38, and mineral wool - 0.048–0.07.
Other characteristics influencing the choice
Water absorption indicates the tendency of a material to get wet. The best indicators here are for extruded polystyrene foam and closed-cell sprayed polyurethane foam - about 2%.
The next on the list is expanded polystyrene - up to 4%.
Mineral wool (including stone) - up to 70%. When wet, Ecowool can increase its weight several times. But after drying, they restore their thermal insulation properties.
Video description
Which thermal insulation is better: based on stone wool or fiberglass, discussed in the video:
If we talk about the cost of insulation, then the most expensive technologies are the spraying of ecowool and polyurethane foam. "In the middle" - curtain walls with stone wool. Then - insulation using EPS. And the most accessible type is the "wet facade" with expanded polystyrene.
It would seem that insulating a frame house with foam outside and inside the walls should be the most popular technology - low cost and water absorption with high thermal insulation properties.
For brick and monolithic houses, this is indeed the most common material. And the scheme for insulating the walls of a frame house, like a wooden one, must first of all take into account the fire safety of materials and their environmental properties.
Foam insulation is incredibly popular
When polymer insulation is "surrounded" from all sides by non-combustible materials (brick, concrete, building blocks, plaster), and it itself belongs to low-combustible and self-extinguishing, then such insulation is safe for residents. But if the supporting structure of the house is made of wood, the foam is dangerous - in the event of a fire, it begins to melt and release life-threatening suffocating gases.
Therefore, for the internal insulation of frame walls, non-combustible mineral wool is often chosen, and as a result of the requirements for the vapor permeability of materials, it is also used outside.
Insulation of a frame house outside with mineral wool
Of the three types of mineral wool, stone (basalt) wool is used to insulate residential buildings. When working with glass, quite a lot of microscopic fragments of fiberglass are formed, which are dangerous for the respiratory organs of workers during the installation of insulation and residents in the first time after settling in the house. Slag wool is not recommended to be used because of its low ecological qualities.
Scheme of wall insulation of a frame house with an additional outer layer
With external insulation with mineral wool, the ventilated facade technology is somewhat different from the usual scheme. For a house made of bricks, building blocks, logs or beams, the sheathing is attached to the wall. A frame house has no wall as such in the usual sense. What is the point of sewing up the frame outside the OSB with a slab, and for the next layer of insulation, attach the crate from above if it can be immediately mounted on the bearing racks.
This is also justified by the fact that the "fresh" OSB board has a lower vapor permeability than stone wool. Therefore, ideally, the "cake" of the correct insulation of a frame house with mineral wool looks like this:
- interior decoration (with crate for panels);
- vapor-tight membrane;
- frame with insulation;
- lathing for the outer layer of mineral wool;
- windproof vapor-permeable membrane:
- counter-lattice to create a ventilated gap;
- facade cladding and finishing.
Thermal insulation from the outside with polymeric materials
With the technology of construction of frame houses from SIP panels, foam plastic is laid in them at the stage of factory production as an internal insulation - expanded polystyrene or rigid polyurethane foam.
This is what a prefabricated sandwich panel looks like.
In addition, the usual technology for assembling the "sandwich" on site allows the use of polymer insulation in the form of slabs or sprayed liquid polyurethane.
Application of polyurethane foam as an internal insulation of a frame house
In both cases, the wall has a "finished" structure with double-sided sheathing with thin-sheet materials. And it is possible to insulate the frame house with polystyrene outside using the "wet facade" technology.
- A horizontal level is beaten along the base, along which the starting bar is attached.
- The first row of foam boards is fixed with glue.
- The second row is fixed with an offset of at least 20 cm relative to the first.
So it is impossible to mount the EPS. Overlapping horizontal and vertical joints are the cause of façade plaster cracks.
- The corners of the openings should not be at the seams and at the intersections of the seams.
- Each sheet is additionally fixed with plastic disc dowels, 5 pieces per sheet.
Plastic dowel does not form a "cold bridge"
- A layer of adhesive solution 3 mm thick is applied to the foam, a reinforcing mesh is attached to it and covered with another layer of glue.
- Finish with plaster.
Another way to use foam for external insulation of a frame house is thermal panels with clinker tiles.
Thermal panels - insulation plus brick finish
Sprayed thermal insulation
To some extent, this technology resembles the application of plaster on lighthouses - vertical slats are stuffed on the walls at the level, between which PPU or ecowool is sprayed.
Frame house, insulated outside with PPU, ready for facade finishing
After the polyurethane foam "hardens", its excess is cut off with a special manual electromill or an electric saw. On top, you can either install facade panels or apply a layer of decorative plaster.
Video description
You can get acquainted with the technique of trimming surplus polyurethane foam with an electric saw in the video material:
When insulating frame walls with ecowool, it is sewn up with panels.
Conclusion
Technically, it is not difficult to insulate a frame house. If you do not consider the option of warming with sprayed thermal insulation, then you do not need any special equipment for this. But in each case it is necessary to carefully calculate the density of the insulation for the walls of the frame house, plus, there are always technological "nuances" that you need to know - otherwise the result will not give the expected effect. Therefore, it is better that professionals do the insulation of the house.
Understanding how to insulate a frame house for winter living will allow you to use it all year round. Sound insulation in the house, comfort and durability depend on how correctly the technologies are followed.
Warming options
Before carrying out work, it should be determined whether the thermal insulation will be inside or outside the building. To do this, you should know the features of each option.
External insulation:
- Does not violate the interior of the house.
- A wooden wall located inside the room can save heating, as it accumulates heat.
- Insulation protects the building facade from adverse environmental influences (moisture, high or low temperatures, etc.).
Internal insulation:
- Has good sound insulation.
- There are no hard requirements.
- No vapor or waterproofing materials required.
Insulation of the house inside However, this method has several disadvantages, for example:
- dismantling of the interior decoration of the room where the thermal insulation will be installed;
- accumulation of moisture in the room, which reduces the service life of the building;
- insulation inside the building does not preserve the facade of the building from the negative impact of external factors.
Features of insulation
The preparatory stage of building insulation for winter and summer does not differ depending on the selected material. The difference concerns only the process of laying it. Each of the materials used has its own characteristics.
Use of foam and EPS
Styrofoam is considered the warmest material, but it is not the best option for insulating wooden buildings.
Using foam as insulation Features of using these materials:
- Before laying the polystyrene, using polyurethane foam, it is necessary to remove all cracks and irregularities, since this material does not fit tightly.
- Expanded polystyrene should not be located near sources of combustion, as the material is flammable.
- The foam does not allow air to pass through, so you need to take care of the ventilation of the room, otherwise the walls in the room may become moldy.
- Expanded polystyrene must be used together with waterproofing and vapor barrier, as it does not allow moisture to pass through.
Using ecowool
This material has not been used very long ago, however, it can be used in the process of insulating frame and other types of buildings. The main features of this material are as follows:
- The laying of this material can be done with or without a special tool. The use of the tool significantly improves the thermal insulation characteristics of the room.
- Ecowool perfectly absorbs moisture, therefore, the installation of waterproofing and vapor barrier should be treated with greater responsibility.
- Ecowool shrinks, so it should be applied with a margin.
- When applying it, you should use personal protective equipment.
Thermal insulation of the house with ecowool Important! Wall insulation with ecowool should be carried out by qualified specialists.
Use of expanded clay
Expanded clay is used much less often, since it has inferior characteristics in comparison with similar materials. Its main features:
- It is most often used for floors and floors.
- It is mainly combined with sawdust, ash and similar materials.
- Expanded clay is better to use in small fractions, so there will be less empty spaces.
The use of expanded clay for warming frame houses
How to choose insulation
Before starting construction work, you need to decide what is the best way to insulate a frame house. Insulation for residential premises must have the following characteristics:
- Environmentally friendly - should not emit substances harmful to human life and health.
- Fire safety - the material used should not let the fire spread, and also not emit a lot of smoke.
- Low thermal conductivity.
- Durability - the insulation should fit tightly and easily and not change shape over time.
- Inexpensive.
Important! These characteristics are more suitable for expanded polystyrene and.
In order to choose the right material for insulation, you should know what pros and cons each one is endowed with.
Expanded polystyrene
It has a low weight, which is very important in insulating a frame house. This material tolerates temperature extremes well, and is also not afraid of moisture and does not freeze. That is why buildings with its use are distinguished by their durability and low cost.
Warming with expanded polystyrene Among the disadvantages are:
- fire hazardous - highly flammable;
- subject to mechanical and chemical damage;
- does not allow air to pass through, which is why the room is constantly humid.
Often, the foam is installed from the outside of the house.
Thermal insulation with expanded polystyrene outside the building This material can be replaced with a similar one, namely, penoplex, which is more resistant to various damage, but has a high cost.
Mineral wool
The most popular material in construction, which can be in the form of rolls, mats and slabs. Mineral wool has high performance in environmental friendliness, lightness, thermal insulation and sound insulation. Buildings with its use are characterized by the duration of operation.
Important! Slab-shaped cotton wool (basalt) does not burn.
When insulating, it is important to pay special attention to waterproofing, since over time, the cotton wool sags and cakes, moreover, when it gets wet, it loses its properties and becomes an excellent medium for mold formation.
How insulation is made
In order to end up with a warm frame house, its walls must be insulated from the inside and outside. The work process is almost the same, with a few exceptions.
Insulation outside
For the outside, it is best to choose the crossover method.
The insulation is always laid with a gap in the seams to avoid the appearance of blown gaps.
- The building frame is sheathed with OSB boards, which should have gaps of 2-3 mm. Subsequently, they need to be foamed.
This is what OSB boards look like. - Further, waterproofing is stretched, which protects both the walls of the house and the insulation from moisture and other adverse environmental influences. Usually the waterproofing has self-adhesive strips, if they are not there, the knocks between them should be sealed with tape.
Connecting the joints of the insulation - Each layer of insulation should be laid in such a way as to overlap the previous one by 15-20 cm.
- The thickness of the insulation is approximately 15 cm.
- After laying the insulation, all voids are filled with polyurethane foam.
Insulation of walls inside the house
After the frame house is fully insulated for winter living, you can start interior decoration. For this:
- The first layer of thermal insulation is laid, the thickness of which is 5 cm.
- Then the insulation is laid in the frame house, the thickness of which is 10 cm. The entire frame between the racks is filled with it.
- Then a vapor barrier is attached, which prevents steam from entering the inside of the insulation. They are laid with the rough side outward, and with the smooth side towards the thermal insulation.
- Bars are installed on top of it.
Important! The insulation cannot be pushed in by force and rammed, since the heat in the room depends on the voids inside it.
Insulation is also installed in the partitions between rooms. For the most part, it is required for sound insulation. For this, plates are installed with a layer of 10 mm. No vapor barrier is required here, since the temperature in the separated rooms will be the same.
Instead of a vapor barrier, glassine is used here. It prevents dust from the insulation from entering the room.
Do not forget about the insulation of corners in a frame house. This can be done in various ways. So, a warm corner can be made by building a structure of two boards, with special blocks made of blocks, and insulate the space between such structures with mineral wool.
Ceiling insulation
It is better to carry out the work even before the roof is completely assembled, so it will not interfere with the packing density.
The whole process of warming consists of the following stages:
- Inside the house, on the ceiling beams, a vapor barrier is stretched, and a board 25 mm thick is stuffed on it.
Ceiling beams and vapor barrier - Insulation is laid on top, between which there should be no voids, tightly overlapping each layer.
Important! When laying insulation on the ceiling, you should make a small ledge on the walls.
- If insulation is not required in the attic, then the membrane film should not be pulled. A board or plywood is nailed to the floor of the attic.
- If it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from the outside, then this is done inside, while it should be tied up so that it does not fall off. After that, sew on the waterproofing, and then - the board or plywood.
Indoor ceiling waterproofing Roof insulation
Often, both the roof and the ceiling are insulated in a frame house. This happens in cases where the attic space is used as a second floor for housing and is heated.
The process of work practically does not differ from the insulation of the ceiling. The only exception is that when the roof is insulated, waterproofing is necessarily stretched over the material, which will protect it from environmental influences.
Features of roof insulation:
- It is better to insulate outside, since it is inconvenient and unsafe to do it inside. Many materials have the ability to crumble on the face.
- After the rafter system has been installed, a vapor barrier is sutured from below, onto which sheathing material, board or plywood is stuffed.
- Insulation sheets are placed outside. This is done in the same way as when insulating walls, ceilings, etc.
- Waterproofing is placed on the top, on which a counter-lath, lathing and roofing are installed.
The inside of the roof is insulated only if it is completely assembled.
Roof insulation Floor insulation
Floor insulation should be started with preparatory work. This should be done before installing the frame of the house.
If the land where the building is located is clay with a high water level, then a drainage system should be done.
After that, inside the foundation, the soil is removed 40-50 cm and a drainage system is installed. After it is covered with a sand and gravel pillow. After that, you can install the frame.
Floor insulation In case this step is skipped, you can use expanded clay. To do this, the surface is first leveled, and then the above material is poured. It is desirable that it has fractions from 10-40 mm in its composition. After that, you can equip the floor.
How to choose a filler
The best insulation for the floor is mineral wool, polyester, steel shavings, etc. They are easy to install, use, environmentally friendly and fireproof. However, they have increased requirements for vapor barrier and waterproofing.
You can also use materials such as:
- Polystyrene - it is lightweight, resistant to adverse influences and has a long service life. It can be ordinary (less durable, fireproof) and extruded - it has low thermal conductivity and moisture absorption.
It is simple to lay such insulation: the sheets are placed end-to-end, the edge tape is installed along the entire perimeter of the floor.
- Expanded clay and slag - has low thermal conductivity and light weight.
- - This is an insulating foil, which is rarely used as an independent insulation.
- Edging tape - it is used for edging the entire perimeter of the house before the insulation is applied.
Floor insulation in stages
Insulation of the floor in a frame house is carried out between the profiles. That is why it is better to choose a dry screed, it is easier to work with it.
Warming process on the ground:
- Sand and crushed stone must be tamped well, then brick posts must be installed. They will not be the basis for the profiles.
- Laying waterproofing. It can be bituminous paper or plastic wrap. Its height depends on the level of the floor, it should be borne in mind that the waterproofing should protrude slightly on the walls.
- A small gap must be left at the joints of the floor and walls, in which the edge insulation will be laid.
Stages of floor insulation on the ground The simplest floor insulation technology is made from bulk materials. Such insulation is carried out perpendicular to the lags along the entire perimeter of the room, while pressing tightly.
Floor insulation with slabs
The base of the floor does not play any role in the technology of laying the insulation, but this should be taken into account when choosing a material for these purposes. So, if logs are based on the floor, then a mineral wool slab is best suited as a heater, and rigid materials are best for a concrete floor. In any case, the process of installing thermal insulation is as follows:
- After laying the logs, from both sides to the bottom, the bars are stuffed and the flooring is assembled from antiseptic grooved boards.
- On top of this glassine is spread - this is roofing board impregnated with bitumen.
- Insulation is placed on top.
- After that, a vapor barrier film is placed, which protects the insulation from condensation.
What work is carried out after warming the house
After the thermal insulation is installed, it is the turn to equip the supporting system for the ventilated cladding, as well as the plane for finishing. As for the finishing, here the wind and water protection of the insulation can be provided with a layer of plaster.
As for the exterior decoration, then you should take care of the installation of the panels in advance. In order for the lathing to be strong enough, the frame posts must be installed frequently. After fixing the waterproof membrane with staples to the frame, it is lined with slats, the thickness of which is about 25-30 mm. This ensures that trapped water can drain off, as well as ventilation.
The wall of a frame house looks like this: inner cladding - vapor barrier - insulation - wooden frame - membrane - counter-lattice - facade decoration.
Exterior finishing of the house after insulation When arranging walls for plastering work, sheet materials are used that perfectly remove steam and prevent condensation. The sheets exclude the blowing of the insulation.
The inner wall looks like this: inner cladding - vapor barrier - wooden frame - insulation - membrane - counter grill - external cladding - basic plaster - plaster mesh - plaster.
Recently, frame houses are gaining more and more popularity. Therefore, you should know how to insulate a frame house so that it is suitable for living in both winter and summer. However, it should be borne in mind that the insulation must also be reliably protected from the negative effects of the environment, because moisture that has got into it leads to the formation of condensation, and it has a detrimental effect on this material. Therefore, it is imperative to use high-quality waterproofing.