The expression there is there are. The phrase There is \ There are in English

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This construction has no analogue in the Russian language, which makes it difficult to understand and use.

So, what does RPM mean?there is / there are V English language and when should we use them? You know what the word isthere translated as “there”, and the verbto be - be. If you combine these two words, you get “there is.”

To express the presence or existence in a certain place or period of time of any person or inanimate object, fact or phenomenon that is still unknown to us, the phrase "there is / there are " with the meaning “is”, “is”, “is”, “exists”.

This is where the function of this construction comes from: whenwe want to say that in some specific place there is something or someone, then we usethere + be .

Proposals with designthere is / there are translated from the end, that is, from the circumstances of place or time. And the wordthere is a formal element and is not translated into Russian, butfalls. However, in some cases it can be used twice. For example,when translating Russian sentences into English in which the adverbial adverbial place is expressedthere. Such In cases where an adverb is used at the end of a sentencethere , i.e. there isthe meaning is to indicate the meaning of "there".

At turnover there + be quite a wide range of applications. In this case, we will consider one of these applications, namely indicating the location of an object.

How are such proposals constructed?

There is / are+ who/what + where.

So you already know that turnoverthere is / there are Literally translated as "There is". Here's a choiceis orare depends on the number of nouns indicated by the phrase.

There is used,if followed by a countable noun in singular (acomputer, a book, apen) or uncountable noun (snow, sugar, water, gold), when we talk about one subject.

For example :

There is a computer in the room -INroom ( There is) computer.

There is a book in the bag. -INportfolio ( There is) book.

There is a pen on the table. - On the table there is a pen.

When we need to say that there are several objects in a certain place, i.e., for plural nouns we use there are(computers, books, pens).

For example: There are some books on my table . - There are several books on my table.

Sometimes a sentence lists several items, with the first being singular and the second plural (or vice versa). In this case, the turnoverthere + to be agrees in number with the noun that comes after it.

For example:

There is abook and twopens on thetable. - OntableThere isbookAndtwopens.

The singular noun comes first ( abook) , therefore the verb is also singular -there is .

There are twopensand onebookon thetable. - OntableThere istwopensAndbook.

First in the list is the plural noun ( twopens), so the verb is also plural - there are .

If we change placesthere is onis there , orthere are onare there , then you can construct interrogative sentences.

For example :

Is there apenon my table? -OnmytableThere is pen?

Are there anatbookson my table? - OnmytableThere isbooks?

Negative sentences with turnoverthere is / there are are formed by adding a negative particlenot to the verbto be .

For example :

There isn'tanatsnow.

There isno book on my table. -OnmytableNo books.

There areno books on my table. -OnmytableNo books.

Well, now we have reviewed with you the main provisions regarding turnoverthere is / there are. TOby the way, these provisions may be applicable not only for English, but also forsomeother foreign languages.

I would also like to add that the turnoverthere is / there are Very often found in English proverbs and sayings. But we'll talk about this next time.

Good luck!

In English, the phrase there is/there are often causes difficulties in construction, translation and use. Study the theory of this article, discuss it in class with your teacher, analyze the tables, do exercises with there is/there are and you will forever remember this construction and will not make mistakes either when constructing sentences with there is/there are, or when translating Russian/ English sentences.

The phrase there is/there are expresses

the presence or existence in a certain place of a person or thing.

There is indicates

for the presence in a certain place of some one object (person).

There are points

for availability at a specific location several (many) objects (persons).

In other words, if you want to say that SOMEWHERE SOMETHING (SOMEONE)
located, use there is/there are.

It is SOMETHING SOMETHING (SOMEONE), and not the other way around - something (someone) somewhere.

Example 1: There's a phone in the bag. — There is a telephone in the bag.

In this sentence we say that in some place - SOMEWHERE - “in the bag”, there is SOMETHING - “telephone”. All conditions are met, that is, we use the phrase there is/there are.

Example 2:
The phone is in the bag. — The telephone is in the bag.

In this sentence we indicate that SOMETHING (“the phone”) is SOMEWHERE (“in the bag”). This is a completely different structure of the Russian sentence, it begins with an object (subject), and not with a place (circumstances). Therefore, we do not use the phrase there is/there are here, but simply translate it in order - according to the rule for constructing English sentences - subject + predicate (with the verb to be in this case).

It is important to understand this difference.

Translation of sentences with there is/there are

Translation into Russian of English sentences with the construction there is/there are should begin from the end of the sentence, more precisely, from the circumstances.

For example: There is some milk on the floor. — There is milk on the floor.

Sentence structure with there is/there are:

1. There is/there are
2. subject
3. circumstance of place or time

For example:

(1) There are (2) a lot of flowers (3) in the garden. There are many flowers in the garden.

What else you need to know about there is/there are

• The word there (there) in the turn there is/there are has no independent meaning and forms an inseparable whole with is/are. If, according to the meaning, it is necessary to express the circumstance of place with the word “there” - “there”, then we repeat there at the end of the sentence.

For example:

There are some new chairs there. — There are a few new chairs there.

For example:

— There wasn’t any wine in the glass. There was no wine in the glass.

—Will there be any people in the hall?

Brief answers to the question with there is/there are

— Is there an apple on the plate? - Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.

— Is there an apple on the plate? - Not really.

— Were there any cups near the forks? - Yes, there were./ No, there weren’t.

— Were there cups near the forks? - Yes. / No.

—Will there be a meeting tomorrow? - Yes, there will./No, there won’t.

— Will there be a meeting tomorrow? - Yes. /No.

How to construct a negative sentence with there is/there are

1. use NOT
2. use NO

For example:

There isn't any money in the wallet. (strengthen the denial) - There is no money in the wallet.

There is no money in the wallet. (more convincing form) - There is no money in the wallet.

There construction is and there are may seem complicated, especially to beginners, simply because there is no equivalent in Russian. What complicates the situation is that in some cases this construction is not translated in any way. We invite you to understand this phrase once and for all and learn to use it correctly.

To make learning more interesting, and you could see practical use This design, we added inserts from films.

Why is there is / there in English?

This construction means that something exists or is located in a specific place. Theoretically, it can be translated as “there is”, “there exists”, “there is there”, but in practice it usually remains untranslated. Let's look at an example:

The Englishman will say:

There is a pencil on the table, you can take it.

We will say:

There is a pencil on the table, you can take it.

As you can see, the sentence is not translated literally. Translation word for word would look very clumsy:

There is a pencil on the table, you can take it.

Now let's literally try to translate from Russian into English:

A pencil lies on the table.

It would seem that everything is correctly translated “the pencil is on the table.” The only problem is that in English, when they say that an inanimate object is somewhere, they don’t use the word “lie”.

As long as there is life, there is hope.

Or imagine the situation that you ordered a pizza and asked to add mushrooms to it. They bring you pizza, but without the mushrooms, for which you paid extra. To complain to the waiter, you will need the design we are looking at today. Here's what you can say:

We’ve ordered pizza with mushrooms, but there aren't any mushrooms in our pizza.

We ordered pizza with mushrooms, but our pizza didn't have mushrooms.

Of course you can say:

No mushrooms are in our pizza. / Mushrooms aren’t in our pizza.

But this one will sound like “there are no mushrooms on my pizza.” That is, you will sound like a person who knows English very, very poorly. Such sentences will look unnatural, and the interlocutor will have to try very hard to solve your “puzzle” and understand from this set of words what you mean.

Or imagine that you want to say that there is a certain group of people. For example, you are discussing your dream job with someone. You say that you would like to earn money by traveling. And the person objects to you that this is not work.

As an argument, you can cite the fact that there are many examples of people who make money by traveling. And for this you will also need the there + be construction:

There are many examples of people who make a living as travelers.

There are many examples of people who make a living as travelers.

There are good people here.

How are sentences constructed with the construction there + be?

Based on the examples above, you probably already guessed that we put “is” when we talk about an object in the singular, and “are” when we talk about it in the plural.

The structure of an affirmative sentence will look like this:

There is / there are + subject + adverbial place or time.

There are two cats in the yard. — There are two cats in the yard.

There is a bottle of milk in the refrigerator. — There is a bottle of milk in the refrigerator.

The construction is abbreviated as follows:

There is - there's

There are - there're

By the way, in informal speech you can sometimes find there’s in cases when we're talking about about the plural. This is not very literate, but in a conversation with a friend it is acceptable. Of course, you should never use there is with the plural in formal communication.

There is also used with uncountable nouns:

There is some water in that bottle. — There is some water in that bottle.

Negation:

To form a negative sentence, just add the particle not after there is/ there are a and put the pronoun any before the subject.

T here aren't any pencils on the table. — There are no pencils on the table.

There isn't any milk in the fridge. — There is no milk in the refrigerator.

Okay, if there's no hope, why don't you leave?

The second way is to add a negative particle "no" before the subject.

There is no pencil on the table. — There is no pencil on the table.

• No exceptions.

Interrogative sentences with there is and there are

To construct interrogative sentences, we simply place the verb “be” in the required form (is, are) at the beginning of the sentence:

Is there a pencil on the table? — Is there a pencil on the table?

Are there many people at the office? — Are there many people in the office?

Okay, any questions?

If the question has question words like what / how many, etc., then the sentence template will look like this:

Question word + be + there + adverb of place or time.

For example:

How many pencils are there on the table? — How many pencils are on the table?

What is there behind the door? -What is there behind the door?

There + be at different times

Of course, we can use this construction in other tenses as well. To do this, we simply need to put the verb "be" in the form of the tense in which we want to use the construction.

For example, for the past tense the construction would look like this

Was there a doctor at the party? — Was there a doctor at the party?

Was there someone there?

There were many interesting people at the conference.

There were a lot of interesting people at the conference.

For the future tense, we put an auxiliary before the verb "be" verb will. In negatives, the particle not is added to it; in questions, it is brought forward.

There will be consequences!

Will be there a boy who do you like? —Will there be a boy you like there?

1. There will be no more games.

There is with modal verbs:

You can also use this construction with modal verbs. For example, you decide to cook an omelet in the evening, and at the store a friend tells you that you forgot to take milk. Do you remember that you still had enough milk left at home? Then you can answer:

There should be some milk in the refrigerator.

There should be milk in the refrigerator.

There shouldn't be any problems, right?

There might be a mistake. — There may be a mistake.

Small but important features

Please note that with the definite article (the) this design practically not used.

Don't say:

There is the pencil on the table. — This pencil “exists” on the table.

It would be correct to say:

The pencil is on the table. — This pencil is on the table.

If we want to list several items and we start with plural- then we say there are.

There are two pencils and a pen in the box.

The box contains two pencils and a pen.

If, on the contrary, we first talk about an object in the singular, and then add objects in the plural - we use there is.

There is some milk and two eggs in the refrigerator.

There is some milk and two eggs in the refrigerator.

Although the construction there is and there are may seem a little confusing at first glance, with constant practice you can easily bring it to automaticity. The main thing is to remember the basic rules, read and listen a lot in English, and, of course, try to speak correctly.

The construction there is (are) in the present tense. Rule. Example

Location design there is (are) refers to the most common constructions in English grammar.

Construction there is (are) is used when we want to say that a certain object is in a specific place.

EXAMPLE. There is a cat on the table.

In English this phrase has the following meaning:

On this lies on the table some kind cat.

(i.e. the table is specific (this one, mine), and this is the first time I’ve seen a cat :)

General view of the construction there is (are) in the present tense

Pay attention to the articles highlighted in blue:

article a means that I have not seen this OBJECT before (some kind of cat)

article the means that this PLACE is familiar to me (this table, my table, etc.)

1. Affirmative sentences with the construction there is (are):

There is+ a + noun (units) + place (its location)
There are+ noun (plural) + place (of their location)

EXAMPLES
There is a cat in the tree. - On this tree (yes) some kind cat.
There are two cats in the tree. - On this tree two some cats.

Design there is (are) translated as is, is

• Verb is (are) in this construction you can NOT translate or use other verbs when translating, indicating location, for example: sitting, hanging, lying etc.

EXAMPLE. There is a cat in the tree. - Can be translated as On this tree is sitting cat.

• In this construction the word there has lost its original meaning there.

2. Translation of a sentence with there is (are)

The translation of a sentence with this construction must begin with a word that answers the question Where?(usually it comes at the end of the sentence).

EXAMPLE

3. Interrogative sentences with the construction there is (are)

EXAMPLE
There is a problem. – Is is there a problem?

EXAMPLES
1) — Is there a problem? - There is a problem?

- Yes, there is.- Yes.

- No, there isn't. No.

2) Are there books in your bag? — Are there any books in your briefcase?

- Yes, there are. - Yes.

or
- No, there aren’t. - No.

3) What is there in the room? - What is in this room?

— There is furniture in the room. - IN this the room has furniture.

4. Negative sentences with the construction there is (are)

IN negative sentences appears most often no(translated in this case as No).

EXAMPLE

Note 1.
If after the design there is there are two or more words, then the linking verb BE usually agrees with the first of them.

EXAMPLES
There is a lamp and some pencils on the table.
There are some pencils and a lamp on the table.

Note 2.
If a plural noun is preceded by a lot of, then the verb is used in the plural.

EXAMPLES
There are a lot of books on the table.

5. Forms of the construction there is (are) in simple tenses

1. There is (are)- in present time
2. There was (were)- in the past time
3. There will be- in the future tense

6. A poem with the construction there is (are):

This is the Key of the Kingdom.
In that Kingdom there is a city;
In that city there is a town;
In that town there is a lane;
In that lane there is a yard;
In that yard there is a house;
In that house there is a room;
In that room there is a table;
On that table there is a basket;
In that basket there are some flowers.
Flowers in the basket, Basket on the table,
Table in the room, Room in the house,
House in the yard, Yard in the lane,
Lane in the street, Street in the town,
Town in the city, City in the Kingdom.
Of that Kingdom this is the Key.

7. Exercises for practicing the construction there is (are) in the present tense

IN affirmative sentence construction there is (are) has one of three options:

1. There is an apple on the apple tree.
2. There are three (many/some) apples on the apple tree.
3. There is some milk in the glass.

In design there is / are the noun may be preceded by a DETERMINER (functional word, e.g. the indefinite article (an, a), (three), quantity indicators (many, some) and their derivatives).

EXPLANATION

1. An indefinite article is placed before a singular noun a (an): an apple

2. Before a plural noun it is placed cardinal number / many / some: three apples - three apples , many apples - a lot of apples, some apples - several apples.

3. Before uncountable noun is put indefinite quantity indicator some: some milk - a little milk.

Exercise 1. Rephrase the sentences using the construction there is or there are

SAMPLE The cherries are in the basket. => There are some cherries in the basket.

1. The newspapers are on the table. =>
2. The flowers are in the vase =>
3. The cheese is in the refrigerator. =>
4. The story by A. Christie is in the book. =>
5. The kitten is under the bed. =>

Grammar comment.

Question. How do the sentences differ: There is a bird in the tree. and The bird is in the tree? — Answer. Translation.

There is a bird in the tree. — Please note that when using the design there is, we are talking about a certain subject ( a bird), which is located in a specific place (in the tree) and the translation will be - Sits on (this) tree ( some kind) bird.

But if we rephrase the sentence, its meaning will change!

The bird is in the tree. — This sentence refers to a specific bird ( the = this), which is located in a specific place (in the tree) and the translation will be - This bird on the tree.

Now it remains to understand what the difference is between the words “some” and “this”...

Exercise 2. Translate into English using the construction there is or there are

1. There is tea in a cup. => There is some tea in the cup.
2. There are sweets in a vase. =>
3. There are gifts in the box. =>
4. There is food on the table. =>
5. There is porridge in the plate. =>

Turnover ‘there be’ /‘there is/ there are’, …/ (* Further in the text in the examples the abbreviation “THR” is used) from a grammatical point of view is a deviation from the norm. However, like many other deviations in the English language, it is regularly used in speech. It can be equally used both in oral and written speech, both in informal settings and in formal communication.

The use of this phrase is associated with a number of semantic ones, such as, for example, semantic ones: identification with the impersonal sentence ‘it is ...’, or the adverb /there/; grammatical: incorrect use of forms of the verb ‘be’, adding a verbal compliment to the predicate, etc.

Vs. 'there/there'

What is the difference between the phrase ‘there is/ there are’ and the adverb ‘there’?

‘There’ is often a common adverb of place, answering the question “Where?”, “Where?”, for example:

Are you comfortable there? / Are you comfortable there?

The book is there on the table/ The book is there, on the table.

In this case, the semantic emphasis falls on it, because it reflects the main “intrigue” of the statement.

However, ‘there’ can also act as a relative subject rather than as a place indication. This means that it becomes a pronoun, which nominally takes on the role of the subject, while the semantic subject is positioned as the object of the predicate. A semantic subject can be added without compromising grammar and general meaning put in place of 'THR'. The only thing is that some semantic connotation will be lost. In this turn, the pronoun 'THR' is not stressed and is pronounced casually.

Thus, /THR is/THR are/ is used to introduce new information and focus attention on it.

Vs.'it is'

What is the difference between the phrase ‘there is/ there are’ and the formal pronoun ‘it’ in impersonal offer'it is'? To do this, you need to briefly consider the topic and rheme. The theme is a background part that does not provide fundamental information; rhema is a key word (phrase) that plays a decisive role and is emphasized. ‘it’ is a fictitious representative of a logically non-existent subject, or existing somewhere in the context, and the rheme here is what happens to it, or what state it is in, what characteristics it has. Whereas ‘THR’ is a “warning” of the subject, which is semantically (logically) equivalent to the object of the predicate, and the rheme is, as a rule, someone or something. That is, the focus is on presence, presence, perhaps numbers.

Not used with Continuous, as an object or in passive voice (Passive V.)

In fact, the phrase 'there is/ there are' in English is a periphrasis of 'smth is', 'many are', where the verb 'be' appears in its semantic meaning - “to take place”, “to be”, “to be”, “to be present”, “to exist”, “to occur”. That is why it is not used with constructions of the Continuous aspect group (respectively, Perfect Continuous), and with the passive voice. For the same reason, it is not customary to use it with personal pronouns - it would sound like /THR am I/I am/, /THR are they/They are/, which is already implied, and therefore does not fundamentally convey new information, and from a semantic point of view is meaningless.

The rule for using the phrase ‘there is/ there are’

It follows from this that the construction can be used with:

Nouns with dependent words;

In the following constructions (only in active voice):

In all four times;

In the indefinite and perfect aspects.

The relative subject ‘There’ can be used in different tense-aspect constructions. in order to shorten the time, it is usually called simply the phrase ‘there is / there are’. The construction scheme for all constructions is as follows: the pronoun ‘There’ opens the sentence. It is followed by the auxiliary verb ‘be’ in one of its forms, depending on the situation; followed by a noun with dependent words (if any), i.e. noun group.

THR is work to be done/ There is work that needs to be done.

THR will be a party tonight / Today there will be a party.

THR was no damage/ There was no danger.

THR have been two telephone calls/ Two telephone calls have been received.

Turnover ‘there is/there are’ in singular and plural

When a noun group after a verb is in, you need to use the plural form of the verb:

THR are many reasons for this/There are many reasons for this.

THR were two men in the room/There were two people in the room.

We also use plural verbs before phrases denoting relative empirical remarks, such as ‘a number (of)’, ‘a lot (of)’, ‘a few (of)’:

THR were a lot of people camped there.

THR are only a few left/ There are only a few left.

If the noun in the group is singular or uncountable, then the verb is used in the same form:

THR is one point we must add here/ There is one point that we must add here.

THR isn’t enough room in here/ There isn’t enough space here.

The verb is also used in the singular if several objects or persons are mentioned in the sentence, but the first noun following the verb is in the singular. number, or is uncountable:

THR was a man and a woman.

THR was a sofa and two chairs/There was a sofa and two chairs.

Cases of use

We use the phrase ‘there be’ (‘there is/ there are’, ...) when we say:

About the existence or presence of people, objects:

THR are two people who might know what happened/ There are two people who may know what happened.

About something that happened:

THR’s a meeting every week/Meetings are held every week.

THR was a fierce battle/There was a fierce duel.

About number or quantity:

THR are forty of us, I think.

Modal verbs

The phrase ‘there is/there are’ can also be followed by ‘be’, ‘have been’ (in addition to those for the future and the future in the past):

THR could be a problem.

THR should be a change in government/There must be a change in government.

THR can’t have been anybody outside/ Nobody could be on the street.

THR must have been some mistake/ Some mistake must have been made.

Abbreviations

The phrase ‘there is/there are’ in English is colloquial speech or informal situation allows for a contraction of the verb ‘be’ or modal verb and joining it to 'there' through an apostrophe ('s' - 'is' or 'has', 're' 'are', 'll' - 'shall' or 'will', 've' - ' have', ''d' - 'had', 'should' or 'would'):

THR's no danger/No danger.

THR'll always be a future for music/There will always be a future for music.

I knew THR’d be trouble/I knew there would be a problem.

THR's been quite a lot of research into it.

I didn’t even know THR’d been a murder/I didn’t even know that a murder had been committed.

‘Appear to be’

Also, in addition to the existential verb 'be' - that is, meaning “to be”, “to happen” - the less unambiguous “seems to be taking place”, “there is a feeling that is happening...” and similar phrases with verbs like 'appear' and 'seem':

THR appears to be a vast amount of confusion on this point great amount ambiguities regarding this.

THR seems to have been some carelessness.