Pelageya - Don't go.
Russian artist, medalist Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy and his works.
Among his works you can find naturalistic sketches...
Althea.
Branch of grapes.
Gooseberry branch.
Geranium.
Narcissus.
Dragonfly.
Cavalier star flower.
Still lifes...
Bouquet of flowers, butterfly and bird. 1820.
Lilac branch and canary.
Interiors...
In the rooms.
In the room sewing.
Family portrait.
Types of cities...
View of Bergen.
Franzensbad. From the road to Yeger.
And their inhabitants...
Paris. Types.
Genre painting...
Return.
Darling admires herself in the mirror. 1821.
Near the window. Moonlight night.
Medals...
Silhouettes...
Napoleon on the battlefield.
Napoleon by the fire.
Mythology...
Neptune.
Pastoral.
Feast of Penelope's suitors.
Knight of the Swan.
Portrait with family.
Fyodor Tolstoy was born into the family of Count P.A. Tolstoy, head of the Kriegs Commissariat. From birth he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. He studied at the Polotsk Jesuit College, then at the Naval Cadet Corps. He showed early talent for fine arts. While still studying at the Marine Corps, Tolstoy began attending the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts as a volunteer. In 1804 he resigned and began his career as an artist.
At the Academy of Arts, Tolstoy studied sculpture with I.P. Prokofiev. In 1809, he created his first medal “In memory of Chatsky’s educational activities.” That same year he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Arts. In 1810 he was appointed to the St. Petersburg Mint. After the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, he produced a series of medallions that were widely known, used in a version of the Alexander Column design. F. Tolstoy becomes the most famous Russian medalist; his series of 21 medallions dedicated to the War of 1812 brought the creator well-deserved recognition.
In 1818, Tolstoy joined the secret society “Union of Welfare”, where he was one of the leaders (chairman of the Root Council). He did not participate in the Decembrist uprising.
In 1849, the Council of the Academy of Arts approved Tolstoy as a professor for his services in the field of sculpture. Tolstoy also participated in the design of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy died on April 13 (25), 1873, and was buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Please do not confuse with Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy - “The American”
Thanks to Katerina aka catherine_catt
for adding a fragment from F.P. Tolstoy’s “Notes”.
“At the appointed time, I appeared in Her Majesty’s office, where she, with the same affection as the first time, deigned to receive me and showed me the collection she had received, which she really liked. This collection consisted of eighteen different flowers, painted with gwash paints on a grayish primer. colors on paper, beautifully arranged and executed with French chic. Inspecting this collection and giving due justice to the art of the Parisian artist in using gauche paints, I said: “It seems to me that in the manner adopted by this artist to depict flowers, one can see more of a desire to sparkle with effect and exhibit his taste, rather than with strict clarity transferring from life to paper the copied flower, as it is, with all the slightest details belonging to this plant, which is why in these so different flowers from the first drawing some kind of similarity is shown among themselves, despite their different forms and color scheme." To this the empress said to me: "Try to draw some flower and show me." Having never painted flowers, I accepted this offer.
Returning home, I found in our tiny garden a bush of rather beautiful light purple flowers with six leaves15. Having plucked a small branch with two flowers and greenery, I immediately began to sketch it, but not in watercolor, and not in gwash, and not on primed paper, although also of a wild tone, prepared in England. The water paints that I use for my drawings almost all consist of pure natural body paints, that is, various ochers, earths and chemically extracted from metals and some ores, and I use them according to a special method that I have adopted, which turned out to be especially convenient for painting flowers. and fruits.
A day later the drawing was ready, and I took it to the empress, who, having seen it, praised it very much and told me that she found in my flower more life and fidelity to nature. Her Majesty’s conclusion about my flower, painted from life for the first time, made me incredibly happy, and now in my free time from serious studies I will paint flowers and fruits.
From then on, I began to paint individually and in groups of different varieties of flowers, fruits and berries, Brazilian wonderful shapes and colors of butterflies, dragonflies, bugs (of which I have a large collection), bright colors of one color, and with metallic reflections, like foil of different colors , or dotted with beautiful patterns of different colors. The same goes for the birds of the New World, with their feathers of bright shiny colors, sometimes single-colored, sometimes speckled with different colors, sometimes with the metallic sheen of colored foil, and in other places shining like brightly hot coals.
Subsequently, I made a lot of drawings in all these genera for Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna, I made several large drawings for her, in which flowers, fruits, birds, butterflies, dragonflies and bugs were grouped together. I also drew her a collection of butterflies of ten copies, among which there are several with metallic tints. I painted a collection of dragonflies in 12 copies for Empress Maria Feodorovna. I drew many drawings both in this family and in other families for the albums of ladies and gentlemen, and not just for the royal family."
- (1783 1873). Russian sculptor, medalist, draftsman and painter. He attended (from 1804) the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he studied with I. P. Prokofiev; taught there (from 1825; vice president in 1828 59, comrade (deputy) president in 1859 68). IN… … Art encyclopedia
Tolstoy Fyodor Petrovich (- Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy (17831873), count, sculptor, medalist, draftsman and painter. Graduated from the Naval Corps (1802). In 1804 he left military service; began attending classes at the Academy of Arts, an honorary member of the Academy of Arts from 1809, taught there from 1825 (vice... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
- (1783 1873), count, sculptor, medalist, draftsman and painter. Graduated from the Naval Corps (1802). In 1804 he left military service; began attending classes at the Academy of Arts, an honorary member of the Academy of Arts from 1809, taught there from 1825 (vice president in 1828 59, ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
- (1783 1873), count, medalist, sculptor, painter and graphic artist, vice president (1828 59), comrade of the president (1859 68) of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In his works, imbued with a poetic perception of antiquity, the principles of classicism received a new, close... encyclopedic Dictionary
- ... Wikipedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Tolstoy. Tolstoy, Fyodor: Tolstoy, Fyodor Andreevich (1758 1849) senator, privy councilor, cousin of L. N. Tolstoy and bibliophile. Tolstoy, Fyodor Ivanovich (American; 1782... ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Litke. Fyodor Petrovich Litke Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke ... Wikipedia
Fyodor Petrovich Litke Occupation: navigator Date of birth: September 17 (28), 1797 (17970928) ... Wikipedia
Zaryanko Sergey Konstantinovich
“Portrait of the artist and sculptor Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy, vice-president of the Academy of Arts” Approx. 1850.
State Russian Museum St. Petersburg
The future sergeant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Fyodor Tolstoy, lay in a cradle and blew bubbles, while nannies rushed around.
Our Fedenka is handsome! Smart! - they lamented joyfully. - When he grows up, he will be a general...
But then someone behind the stove chuckled:
What won't happen won't happen!
The nannies, of course, got scared and began to cross themselves, deciding that this was pampering the brownie. But it was not a brownie at all, but an old cricket, Karl Ivanovich. Like all crickets, he was a bit of a wizard: he knew how to speak humanly and, moreover, he knew a lot of things that people don’t know. For example, he knew how to predict fate. But who will listen to the cricket...
Lilac branch and canary
Fedya's Tolstoy ancestors always served their fatherland faithfully. Their ancient family descended from the knight Indris. More than four hundred years ago, this foreign warrior with his sons and a squad of three thousand people arrived in Rus' and began to serve the Russian princes. His great-grandson Andrei Kharitonovich was a governor in Moscow. A powerful man, he loved to eat from the heart, for which he received the nickname Tolstoy from Prince Vasily the Dark.
From generation to generation, the Tolstoys were military men: in Ancient Rus' they served as governors, and when in Russia everything went in the European style, they became adjutant generals, general
lieutenants, general-in-chief.
So the fate of little Fedya Tolstoy was decided as soon as he was born: his father, Count Tolstoy, enrolled his son in the famous regiment for military service. So
then it was accepted.
"In the room sewing"
In those days, noble boys grew up to become military men. It was Tsar Peter I who decreed that all nobles should serve in the army, and, moreover, begin their service from the lower ranks - as ordinary soldiers. The idea was correct: the young master would first serve as a soldier, eat the soldier’s porridge, find out how much a pound is worth, and only then, having become an officer and commander, would respect and pity his soldiers. But the nobles did not at all want to serve as ordinary soldiers. That’s why they came up with this trick: enrolling their sons in the service as babies! Until the age of seventeen, the boys lived at home with their parents, and all this time they received ranks and titles in the regiment. And they began to serve as officers.
So baby Fyodor Petrovich was sleeping in his cradle, and the service was going on. In the evenings, when the nannies put him to bed and, having crossed him, blew out the candle. Fedya whispered:
Karl Ivanovich, it’s already possible - everyone has left...
Then the old cricket would jump out of its secret corner and, sitting comfortably on the back of the bed, begin to tell Fedyushka fairy tales. And he listened to them, forgetting about everything - both in the dead of winter nights, when the chilled moon looks out the window and, it seems, asks to be let in to warm up, and in the wonderful summer time of white nights, when it is light-light at midnight... And so Fedya grew up little by little in his parents' house, listening to the tales of an old cricket. And I didn’t intend to become a general. The cricket told him that this was not his destiny.
"Return"
And who will I be, Karl Ivanovich? - he once asked his friend.
I can’t tell you about that. - answers the cricket. - You have to find your favorite thing in life.
How can I find it?
Fedya did not go to school. According to the customs of that time, boys from well-born noble families received home education: teachers came to their homes. But before reading and writing, Fedya learned to draw. And he showed extraordinary abilities for this activity. Fedya realized early what his favorite thing in life was.
And the father, of course, was proud of the boy’s talent.
My Fedenka draws nicely! - he used to say. - Let your son play around while he’s little. Then, when he goes to serve, there will be no time for that.
And when Fedya grew up and told his father that he wanted to become an artist, Count Peter replied:
I don't want to listen!
And he sent him to study at the Naval Cadet Corps. Because a noble and rich young man could draw just like that, for himself, but there was no way he could become a professional artist! For a well-born nobleman this was then considered indecent. And Fedya Tolstoy was a count!
"Near the window. Moonlight night"
Fedya was crying, but what can you do? How can you go against your father's will?
He began to study the sciences of the sea: how to steer a ship, how to shoot accurately from cannons at the enemy, he knew the names of all the sails on a frigate warship by heart! And in his free time, he secretly attended classes at the Academy of Arts. Well, Fedya couldn’t help but draw.
Fedya is about to finish his studies and become a naval officer. The father is happy. And Fedya walks around sad. He thinks: in the first battle I’ll expose myself to a bullet, I don’t want to live.
This is what it comes to when a person has a favorite thing, but he is forced to do something he doesn’t like. Just when Fedya thought so, he heard a thin voice:
Shame on you, Fyodor Petrovich! What a bad thing you have thought up!
Lo and behold, on his shoulder, on his dark naval uniform, an old cricket sits and shakes its head.
Life is not sweet to me,” Fedya sighed. - But I can’t change anything - the priest will get angry.
Are you not afraid of death, but are you afraid of your father?
Fedya thought: it’s true! He crossed himself for courage and went to the Academy of Arts to study. At this point, thoughts of death receded from him: Fyodor Tolstoy trained as an artist and lived happily until he was ninety years old.
Butterfly
Later he decided to become a sculptor, and then took up medal art. Russia at that time was at war with the French Emperor Napoleon. And when the Russian army won and drove out the invader, Fyodor Tolstoy made a series of medals that depicted the exploits of Russian soldiers and officers.
Very quickly, the artist, sculptor and medalist Tolstoy became famous. Medallion art was revered by everyone. Although his father was angry with Fedor, he had to come to terms with Fedor’s choice. After all, Emperor Alexander I himself recognized the merits of his son and appointed the young artist to work in the Hermitage and at the Mint!
F. P. Tolstoy. People's militia of 1812. 1816. Medallion. Wax
Fyodor Petrovich loved to draw and painted a lot: butterflies, flowers, leaves - the beauty of the summer world. These small charming pictures decorated the living rooms and children's rooms of noble mansions throughout St. Petersburg.
Sometimes they asked him:
Fyodor Petrovich, why don’t you paint big pictures?
And he shrugged his shoulders in response:
Gentlemen, but is it really about the size of the canvas? The flower and the butterfly are so small, but the eye is delighted by this beauty...
Dragonfly
Tolstoy did not have many large paintings. He enjoyed painting the interiors of noble houses.
And in his most famous painting, the artist depicted a bright, cozy room in his house and himself surrounded by his family. On the wall hangs a painting by another Russian artist - Sylvester Shchedrin, revered by Tolstoy. And it is quite obvious that this is a kind family where everyone loves each other: the faces of children and adults are calm and peaceful.
"Family Portrait" 1830
State Russian Museum
Artist Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy with his first wife Anna Fedorovna and daughters Elizaveta (sitting) and Maria
Well, the artist Fyodor Tolstoy lived happily. He worked hard and with pleasure and was soon elected academician and professor at the Academy of Arts. And later he became its vice-president and did a lot of good for young artists and for the entire Russian culture.
But perhaps the most important thing in his life was that in his youth Count Tolstoy was not afraid to break family tradition and became not a general, but an artist. And if he had not done this, who knows, maybe other famous Russian people would have given up on their talent, not daring to do what they loved. So Fyodor Petrovich’s relative, also a count, might have remained an artillery officer, and then we would not have had the great Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Therefore, I bow to Tolstoy for teaching his contemporaries to respect people of art.
“In the rooms” Not earlier than 1832
“Darling admires herself in the mirror” 1821
State Tretyakov Gallery
"Pastoral"
"Knight of the Swan"
“Portrait of M.I.Aurorina”
1845
Portrait of the unknown (second wife of F.P. Tolstoy, A.I. Tolstoy, née Ivanova
"View in Pargolovsky"
Battle of Maly Yaroslavets in 1812. Bas-relief
Emperor Alexander's first step outside Russia in 1813. Bas-relief
Napoleon by the fire. Silhouette
Napoleon on the battlefield. Silhouette
Birdie
Linden branch in bloom
Grape branch
"Raspberry Branch, Butterfly and Ant"
"Red and white currant berries"
1818.
Gooseberry branch
Strawberry
"Geranium"
"Nasturtium flowers"
Tolstoy Fedor Petrovich is a Russian painter, sculptor, medalist, engraver, one of the most influential figures in the field of Russian art. Born into a count's family in 1783. He received his initial education at his parents' house in St. Petersburg and very early showed a love and extraordinary ability for drawing. In early childhood, Tolstoy was sent for further education and upbringing to the Polotsk Jesuit College, where he was strongly influenced by the general of the Jesuit order, Gabriel Gruber, a famous lover of painting, science and the arts. Next, Fyodor Tolstoy entered the Naval Cadet Corps, after which in 1802 he was awarded the rank of midshipman and sent to serve in the Baltic Fleet.
Family portrait
Sewing
In the rooms
However, soon after the start of his service, Tolstoy retired in 1804, losing the prospect of a military and government career, which was completely unusual for representatives of aristocratic circles of that time. The young count's passionate desire was to study art at the Academy of Arts. Having decided to study sculpture and medal art, Tolstoy began to attend classes at the Academy as a free student. Hard work in academic classes and the study of literature and history quickly developed the talent of the young artist, so that already in 1806 he attracted the attention of Emperor Alexander I, who appointed him to serve in the Hermitage, and in 1809 to the coin department as a medalist. That same year, the Academy of Arts elected him to its honorary members.
In 1825, Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy was confirmed as a teacher of the medal class of the Academy, in 1828 he was appointed its vice-president, in 1842 he was elevated to the rank of professor of medal art, and a year after that - to the rank of professor of sculpture. Tolstoy held the position of vice-president until the transformation of the Academy that followed in 1859, after which he was a companion of the president until the end of his life. In 1854, the fiftieth anniversary of his artistic activity was solemnly celebrated, and on this occasion a medal was struck in his honor.
Moonlit night by the window
Knight of the Swan
Return
In the history of Russian art, Count Tolstoy occupies one of the most prominent places not only as a gifted, enlightened and versatile artist, but also as a person who, with his transition from an aristocratic environment to the field of art, raised the importance of the artistic profession in the eyes of society and his long-term tenure as vice-president. President of the Academy, who contributed greatly to the development of young artists. He was an ardent admirer of Ancient Greece, which he studied from a young age in its history and works of art.
In his works, Tolstoy strove to approach the beauty and nobility of Hellenic monuments of sculpture and drawings on vases, but at the same time, when it came to depicting Russian and religious subjects, he knew how to find appropriate forms and types for them. His composition is strictly thought out, his drawing is correct, his technical execution is conscientious and skillful. Contemporary art connoisseurs will find that most of Count Tolstoy’s works on ancient themes emanate a chill; but at one time these works were greatly liked by the public, as more original and elegant than what had previously come out from under the chisel, pencil and brush of the pseudo-classics of our academic school.
Darling admires herself in the mirror
Pastoral
Franzensbad, from the road to Jäger
Tolstoy’s talent was most clearly shown in his works on the medal part, such as twenty medallions with allegorical images of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812–1814, twelve similar medallions in memory of the Persian and Turkish wars of 1826–1829, medals: presented by the Vilnius University to Count F. Czapsky, from the St. Petersburg militia to Prince Alexander of Württemberg, in memory of the election of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich as chancellor of the University of Abo, for the death of Emperor Alexander I, for the pacification of the Hungarian uprising, in memory of Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg and many others. Works of the same kind include four bas-reliefs with scenes from Homer's Odyssey, beautifully sculpted by Count Tolstoy and carved in metal by himself. In terms of sculpture itself, the count’s most important works are the four main and eight side entrance doors of the Moscow Church of the Savior, composed and modeled by him, with ornaments and colossal round figures and busts of various saints, a half-length statue of Christ, a bust of Morpheus in a wreath of lupins, a bust of Emperor Nicholas I in Slavic armor and royal purple and a statue of a nymph pouring water from a jug in the Peterhof palace park.
February 21, 1783 – April 25, 1873
Russian painter, draftsman, medalist and sculptor, representative of the classicism style
Biography
Fyodor Tolstoy was born into the family of Count P.A. Tolstoy, head of the Kriegs Commissariat. From birth he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. He studied at the Polotsk Jesuit College, then at the Naval Cadet Corps. He showed early talent for fine arts. While still studying at the Marine Corps, Tolstoy began attending the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts as a volunteer. In 1804 he resigned and began his career as an artist.
At the Academy of Arts, Tolstoy studied sculpture with I. P. Prokofiev.
In 1809 he created his first medal “In memory of Chatsky’s educational activities.” That same year he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Arts. In 1810 he was appointed to the St. Petersburg Mint.
After the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, he produced a series of medallions that were widely known, used in a version of the Alexander Column design.
In 1818, Tolstoy joined the secret society “Union of Welfare”, where he was one of the leaders (chairman of the Root Council).
He did not participate in the Decembrist uprising.
In 1849, the Council of the Academy of Arts approved Tolstoy as a professor for his services in the field of sculpture. Tolstoy also participated in the design of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy died on April 13 (25), 1873, and was buried at the Lazarevskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Family
- Wife since 1810 Anna Fedorovna Dudina (1792-1835)
- daughter Elizabeth (1811-1836), died of transient consumption.
- daughter Maria (October 3, 1817 St. Petersburg? July 22, 1898 St. Petersburg) - writer, wife of the fiction writer P. P. Kamensky.
- Second wife, Anastasia Ivanovna Ivanova (1816, St. Petersburg - November 1, 1889, St. Petersburg). (Together with her husband she sought the release of Taras Shevchenko)
- daughter Ekaterina (11/24/1843, St. Petersburg - 01/20/1913, Moscow), artist, memoirist, founder of Russia's first drawing school for girls in Kyiv. Junge's husband Eduard Andreevich (1832-1898), ophthalmologist, professor.
- daughter Olga (1849 St. Petersburg? 10/25/1869 Odessa), wife of state councilor A. A. Dmitriev.
- Self-portrait
- Tolstoy with his first wife and daughters
- Anastasia Ivanovna,
2nd wife
Works
- "Boy under the Blanket"
- “Bathing Children” (both 1808-1809, Kalinin Regional Art Gallery),
- “Darling” (1808-09, Hermitage)
- portrait of A.F. Dudina
- “The triumphal entry of Alexander the Great into Babylon” (1809, Hermitage)
- “Head of Morpheus” (terracotta, timing belt),
- “Bust of Nicholas I” (1839, marble, Russian Museum),
- “Head of Christ” (1848, plaster, State Russian Museum; marble, Tretyakov Gallery).
- Civil uprising. (1816, Russian Museum)
- “Red and white currant berries” (1818, brown paper, gouache, Tretyakov Gallery).
- “Family Portrait” (1830, Russian Museum),
- “Sewing. In the rooms" (Grey Tretyakov Gallery),
- "Warwick" (1853, not preserved)
- “View of the children of Markoville in Finland” (1855, Tretyakov Gallery).
- "Flowers, fruits, birds, insects"
Literary works
Some literary abilities for an educated person of the 19th century are a natural and ubiquitous thing. And therefore it is not surprising that such works, authored by F.P. Tolstoy, were discovered and published. Among them, a review of one’s own activities, which relates more to a business documentary chronicle, and rather interesting Memoirs, traditional for its time. Here are both of these works:
Bibliography
- Mroz E.K., F.P. Tolstoy. 1783-1873, M. - L., 1946.
Two miniatures by Fyodor Tolstoy “Bird” and “Currant”, mentioned by his daughter Kamenskaya-Tolstaya M.F. in “Memoirs” are in the Irkutsk Art Museum, and 17 medals are in the Irkutsk House-Museum of the Decembrist Volkonsky.