We went to the Peter and Paul Fortress to celebrate the 55th anniversary of the first manned flight into space, met there the vice-president of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation Oleg Petrovich Mukhin - and joined the Federation,” the head of the kindergarten, Svetlana Petova, simply explained. – We were invited to come to St. Petersburg with our children and parents to get to know cosmonautics better, and maybe in the fall or winter we will be able to visit Star City.
Why astronautics? According to the kindergarten workers, this is one of the lines of patriotic education: all kindergarteners know the name of the first cosmonaut and what April 12 is. For Cosmonautics Day, a grandiose exhibition dedicated to space was organized in the kindergarten: parents and children made wonderful crafts, even a life-size model of a space rocket - a child can easily go there and look out the window.
Children love everything related to space and willingly get involved in the process. In addition, we have very active parents - we ourselves did not expect such a response and, one might say, unique works - for example, one dad burned a portrait of Gagarin on the board,” says project organizer Svetlana Antonova, teacher of the Moth group. – All groups took part: from the junior “Ladybug” to the preparatory “Bee” and “Grasshopper”.
Oleg Mukhin, vice-president of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation and first vice-president of the North-Western branch in St. Petersburg, was invited to view the exhibition. He himself is not an astronaut, but he dedicated his career to astronautics.
It was not possible to fly into space - then, unfortunately, I wore glasses. Therefore, I became a design engineer and was engaged in the design of spacecraft,” shared Oleg Petrovich. “And then the public work began.” A lot of attention is now being paid to the younger generation: we have been working closely with Siversky for a long time; We recently went to Kolpino, Tosno. At the All-Russian competition “Space through the eyes of children”, the results were summed up at the Vostochny Cosmodrome, and children from Tosno took the first two places. We visit kindergartens in the region a lot: the children give excellent performances and ask questions that not every adult would think of.
This is not my first time in Gatchina - this is a unique city, Russian aviation was born here. So the kindergarten teachers took the initiative and joined the Cosmonautics Federation. What is this for? I think this is a very important direction, and we will always be happy to come to children. Because patriotism should be instilled in children from kindergarten, and astronautics is such a field of imagination!
For all the kindergarteners who made crafts, O.P. Mukhin signed bright letters. At the end of the meeting, kindergarten teacher Olga Polyakova, winner of the “Teacher of the Year 2016” competition, demonstrated to the guests her innovative technology, which she will use in Moscow at the All-Russian competition - sand therapy. And under her leadership, we created a landscape of Gatchina Park - made of sand.
On June 12, on Russia Day, participants of the Star Trek motor rally of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation visited the State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics named after. K.E. Tsiolkovsky and the House-Museum of K.E. Tsiolkovsky in Kaluga. The rally started on May 27 in St. Petersburg. Its participants traveled through the cities of Russia and Kazakhstan associated with domestic cosmonautics: Tver, Ryazan, Penza, Samara, Aktobe, Baikonur.
Honorary and respected participants of the rally - Oleg Petrovich Mukhin - Member of the Bureau of the Presidium of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation and First Vice-President of the North-Western Interregional Public Organization of the Cosmonautics Federation of the Russian Federation, Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky
and Vladimir Anatolyevich Tikhomirov - a man who served at the Baikonur Cosmodrome for over twenty years! Vladimir Anatolyevich is a graduate of the Military Space Academy named after. A.F. Mozhaisky. He went through a number of career levels: head of the guidance calculation, head of the launch vehicle installation calculation, unit commander, head of the launch complex, deputy head of the 1st test department of launch pad No. 2 (it was from this pad that Gagarin launched at one time, and since then called "Gagarin's start"). Participated in the preparation and refueling of more than two hundred spacecraft, and was a direct participant in 186 rocket launches both from the Gagarin Launch and from other sites. He also took part in refueling and preparing for the launch of the Buran spacecraft.
Irina Isaeva, project coordinator of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation, took part in the rally.
Nikita Popov - director of the cosmonautics club named after. Yu.A. Gagarin, held a fascinating space exhibition for museum guests. With Nikita, the little museum guests took a walk through our galaxy using an iPad, learned how to build a device for the stratosphere themselves, how to control a quadcopter and much, much more! Moreover, he tells it in such a way that listeners never cease to be amazed, and a dream about space arises in children’s hearts! Many children and parents gathered, everyone listened to the presenter with interest. Children's surprised and enthusiastic exclamations, wide-open eyes and the emerging desire to fly into space are mandatory attributes of Nikitin's lectures. And for older schoolchildren and adults it was interesting to learn about universities related to astronautics and about our Federation.
While Nikita occupied children and adults, the rest of the rally participants were able to get acquainted with the exhibition. The museum in Kaluga is very interesting. Here you can see unique exhibits. It is impossible not to note the hall where many spacecraft and rocket models are presented, among which you can walk for a long time and admire the engineering thought of our designers.
In the House-Museum of K.E. Tsiolkovsky guests met Elena Alekseevna Timoshenkova, the great-granddaughter of Konstantin Eduardovich and the head of the house-museum. She talked about how the great scientist lived. The guests saw Tsiolkovsky's office and workshop and learned about the history of his family. 
Infected with the “perelmanitis” bacillus, he wrote an excellent book, “Entertaining World Studies,” which attracted the attention of K.E. Tsiolkovsky.
Pryanishnikov Vasily Iosifovich.
(1951, 1953)
Like Sergei Vasilyevich Polubotko, Vasily Iosifovich first, already as a professor, lieutenant colonel, head of the cycle, taught astronomy at the Leningrad Naval Preparatory School, and after its disbandment he moved to the Nakhimov School. He read fascinatingly, already then a famous popularizer of this science, an honorary member of the Geographical Society. It was he, together with the no less famous Ya. I. Perelman, who created the “House of Entertaining Science” on the Fontanka, which schoolchildren loved to visit before the war. He skillfully revealed, first to the cadets, then to the Nakhimov students, the secrets of the universe, arousing interest in the study of nautical astronomy.
The characterization given by the preparatory school graduate Yu.M. Klubkov, Nakhimov resident V.V. Safronov adds: “In his youth, he was the goalkeeper of the Russian hockey team, a friend of the science popularizer Perelman.”
“In the last issue of “Anomaly” we talked about an amazing connection between generations: as a teenager, Oleg Mukhin in the late 1950s accidentally met with the future popularizer of astronomy and space research Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov, 15 years later - a new meeting, and then Oleg Petrovich finds out that It was thanks to Pryanishnikov that the future outstanding rocket engine designer Valentin Petrovich Glushko moved from Odessa to St. Petersburg.
This meeting was predetermined...
“Valentin Petrovich Glushko met Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov in 1924,” Oleg Petrovich continues his story. - I must say that Pryanishnikov* was a huge enthusiast and a great man...
At that time, the Russian Society of World Studies Lovers (ROLM)** was famous. Among the founders of this society was the famous Narodnaya Volya member Nikolai Aleksandrovich Morozov***, who came there in 1909 after being released from imprisonment in the Shlisselburg fortress (he served more than 20 years there for his revolutionary activities).
Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov was also a member of the same Society of World Science Lovers.
Pryanishnikov traveled all over the country, giving lectures on astronomy. 1924 was a special year - the year of the great opposition of Mars! The whole world was talking about Mars, about the Martians, and H.G. Wells’ novel “War of the Worlds,” in which the Martians land on Earth, became very popular. Therefore, there were a lot of conversations and trips.
And one day Pryanishnikov comes to Odessa with such lectures...
After one of the lectures in Odessa, a young man approached Pryanishnikov and introduced himself: “Valentin Glushko. I ask you to help me transfer to Leningrad University, because I believe that Leningrad University is the highest scientific base.” Glushko said that he, like Pryanishnikov, corresponded with Tsiolkovsky, showed Vasily Iosifovich autograph books and letters from Tsiolkovsky. Pryanishnikov listened to the student and said that he would try to help.
Upon arrival in Leningrad, Vasily Iosifovich came to Morozov and said that he had met a young interesting guy who asked to help him transfer to Leningrad to study. Morozov said: “Let's try. Let's take it for a while. If he shows himself well, we’ll keep him; if he doesn’t show himself, we’ll send him back.” Thus, Glushko ended up in St. Petersburg and began studying here in 1924. He lived right at the observatory of the Russian Society of World Science Amateurs, which was located on Soyuz Pechatnikov Street in building 25A on the top floor.
- Wow, “coincidence”! Our editorial office is literally a hundred meters from this building!
- You see, everything is not accidental... Life is unique in itself. In the 1980s, my friend and schoolmate moved not just to Soyuz Pechatnikov Street, but to house 25 (his family was given an apartment there). And I go to visit him! Can you imagine?! Near! The Society for World Studies no longer existed by that time, but still - what a coincidence!
But let's return to Glushko...
He studies in Leningrad, he and Pryanishnikov maintain relations. But suddenly this relationship breaks down...
In 1929, Glushko went to work at the Gas Dynamics Laboratory, a military, secret organization, which was then located at the Physico-Technical Institute. Ioffe. There he began to create his own electric rocket engine, thanks to which he was accepted into the laboratory. And since 1932, the workshops were located here, in the Peter and Paul Fortress, where now the Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology named after V.P. Glushko.
Rocket engines were built and tested here.
It was precisely because of the secrecy of his work that Glushko “disappeared” and disappeared from Pryanishnikov’s field of vision.
33 years later...
Years passed. Oleg Petrovich Mukhin, my interlocutor, worked closely with Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov. The science of astronautics developed, new daring ideas were born and brought to life.
Pryanishnikov told Oleg Petrovich a lot about his life; these stories make it possible to understand many of the subtleties of that time. For example…
“In 1962, Vasily Iosifovich’s phone suddenly rang,” says Mukhin. – Male voice: “Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov? - Yes, Pryanishnikov. – Tomorrow, be at home at 7 o’clock in the evening. - And what? - They will come to you. - Who? “You’ll see.”
Imagine for a second how long the hours of waiting lasted...
The next day the bell rings, the door opens, and Valentin Petrovich Glushko is standing on the threshold. After 33 years. After this, correspondence resumes, but...one-sided. Glushko sends congratulations and cards to Pryanishnikov on every holiday.
- Oleg Petrovich, how did you manage to meet Valentin Petrovich Glushko? You remained colleagues and comrades-in-arms until the end of his life!
- Oh... This is the next story. Remember - Pryanishnikov corresponded with Tsiolkovsky... Although he did not meet him personally. And so in 1978 we were invited to Kaluga for Tsiolkovsky’s readings. And Vasily Iosifovich and I, at that time he was 87 years old, are going to these readings...
The Soviet rocket engine designer Valentin Petrovich Glushko (1908-1989), whose centenary of birth we celebrated this year, probably thought that there was life on Mars, Venus and other planets. This was greatly facilitated by meetings and conversations with the most interesting people - Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov and Nikol Aleksandrovich Morozov. We talked about the amazing intersections of these destinies, as well as about the affairs of the Russian Society of World Science Amateurs, of which all three were members, in previous issues. And Oleg Petrovich Mukhin, vice-president of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation and First Vice-President of the North-West Interregional Public Organization (SZMOO) of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation, helped us reveal their points of contact. He was personally acquainted with V.I. Pryanishnikov and with V.P. Glushko.
Today, finally, about the fateful meeting with the Designer.
That's how it happens
We came to Oleg Petrovich with a request to talk about his meetings with Valentin Glushko and in response we heard a long backstory, without which their meeting would not have taken place. And finally - the most important thing.
- I told you that Pryanishnikov corresponded with Tsiolkovsky... although he did not meet him personally. Another thing is that we often met with Vasily Iosifovich at work, for a common cause.
One day, in 1978, we were invited to Kaluga for the Tsiolkov Readings. And Vasily Iosifovich and I are going. I must say that at that time he was 87 years old..
- And you?
- And for me... let me count - 34.
In Kaluga, at readings, we meet many interesting people, among them Lidia Mikhailovna Alexandrova. She then oversaw the Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology in the Peter and Paul Fortress. During the conversation, Vasily Iosifovich expressed to her his desire to meet with Glushko, and she gave him his home phone number in Moscow.
So, on Saturday we leave Kaluga and arrive in Moscow, at the Kyiv station. And right from the station, at the request of Vasily Iosifovich, I dial the phone number that was given to us. I must say, I was worried because I really wanted the meeting to take place - this was also my chance to get to know each other! I hear the voice of Glushko himself and say: “Valentin Petrovich, we are here, in Moscow, at the station, with Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov, he really wants to see you.” He says: “Pass him the phone.” I pass the phone to Pryanishnikov: “Valentin Petrovich, I would really like to see you.” Glushko replies: “Okay, come, pass the phone to your young escort.” Pryanishnikov hands me the phone and Glushko tells me where and how we should go.
We arrived, and it was a famous house on the embankment, we went up to the top floor... Glushko himself opened the door.
Here it is necessary to clarify: In 1933, the Gas Dynamics Laboratory, in which Glushko had worked since 1929, merged into the newly created Rocket Research Institute (RNII), created on the initiative of Marshal A.N. Tukhachevsky, and transferred from Leningrad to Moscow.
Since that time, Glushko has lived and worked in Moscow, in Khimki, at the Energomash Design Bureau (now: NPO Energomash named after Academician V.P. Glushko).
This is a well-known fact, because after Gagarin’s flight into space, it was already difficult to hide anything... They hadn’t named names yet, but after the death of S.P. Korolev in 1966, many names were declassified.
So, we arrived at Glushko’s house, stayed there for quite a long time, talked and talked. In particular, Pryanishnikov took books with Tsiolkovsky’s autographs with him to readings in Kaluga, to which Glushko said that he had exactly the same ones, only when he was taken away and imprisoned in 1937, the books disappeared..."
“A prominent popularizer of cosmogony and geography was the Leningrad astronomer, Perelman’s friend, Vasily Iosifovich Pryanishnikov (1890...1980), teacher at the M.V. Frunze Higher Naval School. He gave more than 20 thousand (!) popular lectures and, also infected with the “perelmanitis” bacillus, wrote an excellent book “Entertaining world studies”, which attracted the attention of K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Konstantin Eduardovich wrote to its author on September 22, 1932: “Dear professor, lecturer and Russian Flammarion! I will never forget Your services in disseminating the ideas of astronomy and the metal airship. I also ask you to convey my gratitude to the staff of the Naval School for their congratulations that delighted me. Always yours, K. Tsiolkovsky "*."
* From the personal archive of V.I. Pryanishnikova. – Published for the first time.
Vasily Iosifovich is the author of the following books: “Entertaining world studies” (1935), “An interesting conversation about a rifle” (1945), “Entertaining astronomy at school” (1970), etc.
Very little is known about the next two mathematics teachers, but..., as they say, “it’s not evening yet.” It cannot be ruled out that there will be inquisitive and grateful descendants.
Rakhimov Sh.M.
Ryzhov. B.E.
Sosina Khaya Bentsianovna, chemistry teacher.
(1953, 1958)
Sotula Dmitry Naumovich.
It is known about Dmitry Naumovich that, like Polubotko, Pryanishnikov taught physics with the rank of captain, was the head of the training cycle at the Leningrad Naval Preparatory School, and after its disbandment he moved to the Nakhimov School. In the early 1950s he was already a major.
Fradkin Mark Semenovich.
In our opinion, the most amazing biographical fact, revealing the most important facet of Mark Semenovich’s character, was reported by a graduate of the Nakhimov School in 1970, Oleg Konstantinovich Meshkov, in a wonderful, unlike anything else book of memoirs “Loyal Subject”.
“Entrance exams... The last one is in English... Retell the text... It’s good that there was no need to translate into Russian... I blankly look at the floating lines... I don’t understand a damn thing... A painful feeling comes over me: stupid! Desperate to understand anything, I just learn the text by heart." And then I’ll gibber to his examiners. Because what I “retold” cannot be called anything other than gibberish! For example, the word “daughter”, which in English transcription sounds like “Dota”, for me sounded like “daugther”, a conjunction “which” (“vich”) for me turned into “whiskh” and so on...
When I finished, one of the examiners, coming out of his state of shock, quietly asked: “Can you retell it from the end to the beginning?” I could, and how! Faster, more confident, bolder. In short, they gave me “satisfactory”... For my amazing ability (as it later turned out!) to visually memorize words, phrases and entire paragraphs of a foreign text... Without understanding a damn thing.
And then for three years I fell into the hands of...Iron Fred... This is my English Teacher... “The Sword of Domocles”, which hung over me for a whole year as an ongoing nightmare and fear of expulsion... Here is just one fragment. ..
The end of the first quarter... In the “English language” section of the class magazine, next to my last name there were six “zeros” as the current grade... Do you understand?
Not “counts”, not “twos”, but “zeros”! Fred told me so directly: “You are a zero!”... During the entire first quarter... Many, many times... And the rule in the first year then was this: at least one final D in the first quarter in any subject and deduction 100%! Unless, of course, you have a reliable patron. And since I was from the worker-peasant class, I began to mentally prepare for a sad but inevitable ending.
The company commander's office... I, my “cool dad” (educator officer), the company sergeant-major already known to the reader... (in a word, the council in Fili...)
... “Do you know that you have a D in English?”
... “Do you know that...”
Yes Yes Yes! I know... There is a heaviness in my heart... Goodbye, sea... And how can I get back? In town? To school? Home?
And this is where the incredible happens!!! Fred rushes through the door... And to the company commander...
- “Who said that he got a bad mark in my subject? Nothing like this! Satisfactorily..."
But you can’t really grab our company commander by the throat... He grins sarcastically:
“How did you manage to turn six “zeros” into a “three”?
Fred’s answer was stunning... “And I graded it not on knowledge, but on the desire to have it...”
Let me explain... For two years, this desire was expressed by the fact that every day, except Sunday, I got up at 4.00 in the morning and studied English, which I hated, until I got up at 7.00!
I finally learned... I received a diploma as a military translator... Therefore, the sixth lesson for me was Fred’s motto: we can, we must, we will!
We can! We must! We shall!"
(1953, 1961, 1970)
Lieutenant Fradkin Mark Shlemovich began teaching at the Leningrad Nakhimov School in 1951, in October 1955 he was demobilized and continued to do good deeds as a civilian teacher.
Small in stature, always bursting with energy, full of plans, ready to ask a question in English, ready to listen and help.
“And, if we are talking about the English language, then it must be said that it was in the last grades that these classes were the most intense.
We have long since passed under the tutelage of male teachers. They were different: energetic M.S. Fradkin, imposing V.V. Singers. At the first lessons we didn’t like them very much, because... forced everyone to work during the entire lesson. Mark Semenovich, in a fit of pathos, sprayed saliva and blurted out his famous phrase: “You must work like a horse!” – You have to work like horses. And we soon realized that this was not an empty slogan. They themselves worked this way in the lessons, and both showed us a typically male way of teaching. The usual school rule: if they called you today, they definitely won’t call you next time, it didn’t work for them. Then we got involved in this regime, took it for granted, and to this day we are grateful to them for the fact that our knowledge of the language turned out to be quite strong.
Each of their lessons was an exciting performance. Pevtsov said that happy is the one who was taught by Mark Fradkin. But he himself was an excellent teacher with a very broad outlook and interests. His lesson began with a discussion of the news. He seemed to know everything that was happening around him. Criticizing our poor pronunciation, he mimicked us with the phrase: Theoretical material we know very well. But practical material is difficult for us, and he pronounced it with a Nizhny Novgorod accent: “Tiaretikal matirial vi know veri led, bat praktikal matirial iz difikalt for az.”
The atmosphere in the lessons was truly creative. From the seventh to eighth grade we prepared political information in English. For this purpose, they used: first “Moscow News”, and then “Morninig Star” and “Daily Worker”, these newspapers were then sold in a single kiosk on Brodsky Street (Mikhailovskaya). But Valentin Vasilyevich, having given an assignment for independent work, sat down at his teaching table and unfolded an Italian newspaper. At the same time, he explained to the curious how similar the languages were. And this was also valuable.
Later they taught us one of the subjects in English: history or geography."
Of the textbooks written by Mark Shlemovich, one, judging by the commercial offers posted on the Internet, is still in demand. This is a "Two-Way Transfer". English manual language for institutes and faculties. foreign language - M., Higher School, 1964.
Khmelevsky Adolf Antonovich.
(1953)
Teacher, head of the naval training cycle, captain 3rd rank. He is sitting next to Sergei Aleksandrovich Muravyov in a previously published photograph.
Shirokov Leonid Grigorievich.
(1951, 1961, 1970).
Leonid Grigorievich started as a lieutenant in 1949, and ended as a lieutenant colonel, head of the physics cycle.
A word from Viktor Abramovich Bogdanovich, the son of Rear Admiral Bogdanovich, whom sailors called “Abram Nevsky” during the Great Patriotic War, he “was the largest naval commander in besieged Leningrad - the head of the security of the Neva water area. In the Narva Bay, the Germans “sowed” minefields , marking passages for himself with milestones. Bogdanovich figured out their system and... rearranged the milestones. The Germans, moving in what they thought was a safe fairway, came across their own mines. Only at one time, three brand new destroyers found their grave here. And how many were there such “times”?” (Migdal - To whom do the stars smile?) But the Bogdanovichs, son and father, later and separately, and now Shirokov is remembered in 2001 by a son, a graduate of 1951, and his classmate.
“I approached the final exams with only A’s. According to the plan, I had exams for the matriculation certificate and the Spartakiad. Then enrollment in a higher school. At the very first exam in literature, there was a failure. I got a biography, if memory serves, of Belinsky. I wrote a biography knew, but I confused the city with the city. I confused Kimry with Penza, or something like that. But I answered other literary questions so perfectly that the commission had no doubts about the excellent assessment. Only L.A. Solovyova noticed my inaccuracy. Immediately after the exams, she asked and confirmed: “You haven’t read the biography again?” To which I honestly answered that I forgot the name of this city. “In literature you can get four”: she said with her usual “hee hee.” , ha-ha." For the essay I received: five in Russian, not a single mistake, and four in literature, in memory of the Kimrys. All other exams were without incident, except for physics, where Shirokov suggested that I not come to the exam at all and answer, because he gives me an A without an exam. I was happy. But suddenly someone very important was brought to the exam, I was called straight from basketball to answer. I answered without preparation, demonstrating some experience. Neither an answer to the second question nor a solution to the problem was required. With that, he left for the Spartakiad. In my head was Dzerzhinka, where I could go with the medal I was expecting. A four in literature gave the opportunity for two more fours to receive a silver medal. We won the Spartakiad. I came for a medal. There I was given a certificate with two B grades in Russian and physics. This is how I received my first serious slap in the face. Then I received them more than once. But this one was the first. I must say that I then perceived what happened in a completely boyish way. I didn’t draw any moral conclusions. I think I wasn't quite up to it then. I was, in essence, a real child in social ideas. Later, about five years later, I met Shirokov. He told me about a study council that was significant for me, at which, despite the objections of some, Solovyova moved her grades from 5/4 to 4/5 - first in the Russian language, and Shirokov added a four instead of an A. So I lost any medal and was enrolled, like most of us, in the Diving School, but not for long."
Classes in the physics room. - Bely Arkady, colonel. White cap, striped collar // Warrior. 1996 No. 9.
“We all owe our destiny to the Nakhimov School. Each of us can probably talk about it endlessly. The main thing is that over the 6-7 years of study, each of us was determined by a person.
Before graduation, everyone wrote reports with their desires for further studies. I wrote to the Dzerzhinsky School, although I knew that appointments were guaranteed only to medalists. By the end of the day, we all studied well and there were many real contenders for the medal. However, having received a C in English at the last exam, I lost all chances and ended up on the main list - at the scuba diving school. But they knew about my desire to be an engineer at Nakhimovsky. I was told that the teachers of the Shirokov and Katkov cycle, with the support of the teachers, recommended me to the engineering school. The decision was made by the head of the VMUZ.
As a result, I graduated from the shipbuilding department of the Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School, where I spent almost six years at my desk with Kolya Shalonov.”
One and a half to two decades have passed.
V.K.Grabar."Password seventeen."
“The physics exam was also distinguished by some metaphysical coincidences. In the second platoon, Slava Kalashnikov was the first and he got Ticket No. 1 (Newton’s First and Second Laws and other simplicity). Having heard the ticket number, Shirokov did not believe it and asked to see it. And then he said something like: “This is the first time in my practice that I’ve seen this happen, so that the first person taking out the first ticket.” The exam took place on June 13, and Zadvornov got ticket No. 13, but he received an excellent mark.”
Shchemilinina A.I. Everything that is known about her today is said in the memoirs of Yu.G. Panferov "Life of a Nakhimovite". Unfortunately, not much.
Elyanov David Iosifovich.
(1951, 1963)
Biographical milestones.
Elyanov David Iosifovich. Carefully preserve and multiply the revolutionary and combat traditions of the Soviet Navy. Recommendation index literature. - L., 1952. 13 p.
Elyanov David Iosifovich. English-Russian and Russian-English dictionary of naval commands. Comp. D.I. Elyanov. Ed. Rear Adm. N.G. Morozovsky. - M., Military Publishing House, 1960. 195 p.
Elyanov David Iosifovich. Foreign military chronicle. (In English) 7. - M., Military Publishing House, 1961. 120 p. from ill.
Elyanov David Iosifovich. Naval translation textbook. English language. For the Nakhimov School. - M., Military Publishing House, 1964. 176 p.
Tricky accents: Russian-English. dictionary of homographs / Comp. DI. Elyanov. - Tenafly (NY): Hermitage, 1995. - 122 p.
Valentin Vasilyevich Pevtsov, being on exchange in the USA in the 1990s, was unable to meet Elyanov; David Iosifovich did not want to. According to his assumption, “I couldn’t show evidence of my successes, so I declined.”
Address to graduates of Nakhimov schools. To the 65th anniversary of the formation of the Nakhimov School.
To find classmates, try using the site’s services
Do you have a magazine for airline passengers? - Oleg Petrovich Mukhin, vice-president of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation, asked me. - By the way, in my youth I flew like a hare! I was eighteen years old then...
Dossier
Oleg Petrovich Mukhin, vice-president of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation and First Vice-President of the North-Western Interregional Public Organization of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation. Born on January 12, 1944 in Leningrad. Author of more than 30 scientific papers. Veteran of Russian cosmonautics.
My mother’s friend met with the flight engineer of the TU-104 aircraft,” continues Oleg Petrovich. - At that time, there was a particularly reverent attitude towards aviation, and I was also introduced to it. I was just dreaming of flying somewhere, and as soon as I found out that there was such an opportunity, I asked to go to Moscow with him. It was a different time then - there were no terrorists and plane hijackings, there were normal conditions for the existence of the country and people’s attitudes. Therefore, getting into the cockpit with the crew was much easier than it is now. We calmly passed through security, climbed into the cockpit, and they put me in the navigator’s seat. And then they brought passengers. This is an unforgettable sight - flying in the cockpit of a ship! You can't compare it to the feeling when you're sitting in a salon. When you see all the movements of the helm and the throttle, you feel the behavior of the plane, as if you were flying it yourself!
- You probably have a lot of friends in aviation? After all, aviation and astronautics are very close areas.
- Yes, I have a lot of friends in aviation. At one time, when I worked as a guide at the Museum of Cosmonautics, our head informed me about the vacancy of a secretary in the Section of the History of Aviation and Cosmonautics at the Institute of Natural Science and Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. I came to one of the Section meetings, and there I was elected scientific secretary. This Section brought together outstanding aircraft designers, generals, scientists... I met such famous people as Igor Vyacheslavovich Chetverikov - he built seaplanes, Alexander Sergeevich Moskalev, who created and was the first to test an aircraft with a variable wing profile, Ivan Ivanovich Kulagin, the famous designer of air-jet engines. Various cosmonauts came to us, I personally communicated with German Titov, and with Vitaly Zhelobov, and with Valery Rozhdestvensky. There were many interesting meetings that gave me the opportunity to subsequently work at the Museum of Cosmonautics and now work in the Federation.
“Schoolchildren do not know that the first cosmonaut is Yuri Gagarin”
Oleg Petrovich, do you think that the attitude of young people towards astronautics has changed? Previously, more young men dreamed of being astronauts...
- There is no need to exaggerate. It cannot be that all generations dream of the same thing. Let's look back. At first there were no cars. As soon as they appeared, people began to dream of becoming drivers. Aviation appeared - everyone rushed there. Now the airplane has become quite a familiar thing for us. Also space. He still fascinates people and there is huge interest in him. And now kids dream about space, just not so much. And besides, there are now more opportunities to come into contact with him. We can freely watch photos from space, many films - we don’t even have to go into space. And, then, flying into space is not an end in itself for many. Cosmonautics is at the forefront of all world science. Many people are involved in the creation of space technology. Therefore, to say that interest has disappeared is wrong. The press itself is partly to blame here. She is more interested in fried facts, all sorts of murders - what gives more ratings than space. The same television will casually say on the news when a spacecraft is launching, but says nothing about life in orbit. We ourselves do not engage in propaganda! And then they ask me: why aren’t schoolchildren interested? If astronomy was removed from school, what does this mean? How will children dream about space if they are not told anything? It is our fault that schoolchildren do not know that the first satellite was launched in our country, and that the first cosmonaut was Yuri Gagarin. If you don't talk about it, then there won't be any interest.
- Does the Cosmonautics Federation engage in propaganda among schoolchildren?
- Yes, from September 1, in anticipation of preparations for the 50th anniversary of Gagarin’s flight into space, we are opening a whole series of programs. These will be various excursions to museums and space industry enterprises. It’s not for nothing that St. Petersburg is called the “cradle of rocket technology”; we have a huge number of enterprises that develop technology for space. We need to provide career guidance to young people so that children can see what they can do. Don't just go to the bank or the service industry. If we spend energy and strength, we will be able to attract children, I am sure.
« Currently, astronauts are being prepared for a flight to Mars."
- International space programs are now actively developing...
- Modern astronautics is impossible without international cooperation. When manned space was just developing, there was already close interaction between countries. Now there are many applied satellites, devices that probe, photograph, and carry out television and radio communications. For all this, again, international cooperation is needed. It is also worth noting that many states can already make their own satellites, but cannot create their own rocket. Therefore, they use our Russian ones for launch. We are putting both French and American satellites into orbit. Space unites countries. By the way, the Mars-500 experiment is currently being conducted, jointly between our Roscosmos and the European Space Agency. Volunteers will be in a confined space for just over 500 days, and conditions will be close to those of a manned mission to Mars.
- When will it take place?
- Not yet known. First, automatic devices should fly off, which can do a lot for people. As for human flight, many questions still remain. For example, how can an astronaut be in weightlessness for 3 years, how will he be affected by the absence of the Earth’s magnetic field, solar radiation... A lot of nuances require additional study. But it is necessary to do this. Some people say that space programs are too expensive. We'd rather invest money here and feed people on Earth. But those who say this don’t think that much more resources can be obtained from space. In addition, you need to understand that on Earth we all depend on space. That's why it's so important to study it. At any moment some comet may arrive, or a huge meteorite will crash into the Earth. This will be a gigantic disaster that could take the lives of millions of people.
“The threat from space is very real”
There is a theory that if the Tunguska meteorite had fallen a few hours earlier, it would have hit St. Petersburg directly and wiped it off the face of the Earth.
- Yes, indeed, there is such an opinion. By the way, as for the Tunguska meteorite, there is no exact information yet about what it really was. There is a high probability that it was a comet that exploded in the air at a high altitude. There are many other hypotheses, even to the point that it was an alien ship. Science fiction writer Alexander Kazantsev even wrote a story on this topic. And the latest version regarding the nature of the Tunguska meteorite is that this small black hole hit the Earth and caused such a pinpoint strike. But, whatever it is, this phenomenon definitely warns us: in addition to natural disasters that occur on Earth, there is another danger - danger from space. This threat is very real. Now, for example, another asteroid is flying, but it will fly by. Scientists were worried, but then they did the math and realized that it would not hit the Earth. It is very important to create an asteroid tracking service. Let's say an asteroid is flying, there is a chance of hitting the Earth. You can adjust the path of its movement - by placing a rocket, try to move it. This is how satellites are corrected using rockets. Small impulses are enough for the trajectory of movement to change, and it flies past the Earth. Therefore, we must engage in space and seek our safety in it. Otherwise, we will simply find ourselves on the brink of death.
For the magazine "People Fly" (NordAvia airline), August 2010
On September 29, a scientific and practical conference “Siversky. From hussars to cosmonauts,” dedicated to cosmonaut No. 2 German Stepanovich Titov. Vice-President of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation Oleg Mukhin, a legendary man who is personally acquainted with many domestic space explorers, will also take part in the conference.
We met with Oleg Petrovich at the Museum of Cosmonautics, which is historically located in the Peter and Paul Fortress of St. Petersburg. It was here, under the leadership of Valentin Petrovich Glushko, in the first half of the last century, that the first domestic rocket engines were designed and created. On August 30, the museum opened an exhibition dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the birth of the brilliant general designer.
Oleg Mukhin himself became interested in astronautics in his youth. He entered the Leningrad Military Mech in 1962, where he then worked as an engineer at the department from 1980. In April 1973, the Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology opened in Leningrad. Oleg Petrovich, based on his technical knowledge, conducted excursions in the Museum, prepared guides, and helped them.
He worked as a Scientific Secretary in the Section of the History of Aviation and Cosmonautics at the Institute of Natural Science and Technology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. This Section included outstanding aircraft designers, generals, and scientists. Cosmonauts came to the Section meetings. Oleg Petrovich personally communicated with German Stepanovich Titov, Vitaly Mikhailovich Zholobov and Valery Ilyich Rozhdestvensky. As a result, Oleg Mukhin has been the first vice-president of the North-Western Interregional Organization of the Russian Cosmonautics Federation for 20 years, having only been in space in his dreams.
“This is not surprising,” explains Oleg Petrovich. — An astronaut is the pinnacle of the work of many hundreds of people who prepared him for the flight. Therefore, our Federation unites organizations and individuals who are in one way or another connected with astronautics - engineers, designers, workers, doctors. And, of course, the astronauts themselves. There are more than 700 members in total. We carry out educational work with schoolchildren, students and the public of the city, carry out scientific and methodological work of the Museum of Cosmonautics and Rocket Technology named after Academician V.P. Glushko, we organize exhibitions and festive events dedicated to memorable dates of Russian cosmonautics, and support projects related to the theme of space.
— Oleg Petrovich, how are you connected with the village of Siversky?
— I have been connected with Siversky since childhood, when I lived here at the dacha for two years in a row...
- It turns out that you are a real Siversk summer resident...
- It turns out like this. We rented a dacha just opposite the airfield across Oredezh, on Sovetskaya Street. I was twelve or thirteen years old at that time. The hosts with whom we lived were engaged in fishing. And we went with them, set nets, and fished. The boys and I also swam across the river and through the drain pipe moved straight to the center of the airfield, where we watched the planes. There was also a small landfill near the airfield near the railway, where you could find signs of the past war, in particular, German badges with swastikas. It was very interesting (smiles).
Of course, we watched the planes take off and land - it was a very exciting sight for the boy. When I became an adult and found out that German Titov flew at this airfield, this place became sacred to me. And when we established connections with Siverskaya, we began to take astronauts there.
One day we came there with Georgy Grechko, and at the Yubileiny Sports and Cultural Center we met the famous composer Isaac Schwartz. I will never forget this meeting. After all, for astronauts Schwartz is a unique personality; before each flight, they still watch the film “White Sun of the Desert” with the composer’s wonderful music.
Another thing is curious. When Grechko and I came up to meet each other, it turned out that Isaac Iosifovich had never met any cosmonaut (smiles). Moreover, it turned out that they studied at the same school in St. Petersburg on Vasilyevsky Island! Albeit in different years. And when Schwartz was already in the hospital, shortly before his death, we agreed with the cosmonauts and the guys from orbit wrote down congratulations to him on his 85th birthday. And this congratulation was shown to the composer in the hospital. Isaac Iosifovich was very happy and grateful.
Siversky has become a kind of space mascot: if an astronaut who has not yet been in orbit comes here, it means that he will definitely fly into space. Like, for example, Sergei Ryazansky. I was lucky enough to plant a tree on the Alley of Space Heroes at the request of Georgy Grechko, who, due to illness, was unable to come to Siversky in person.
And when German Titov came to Siversky, I provided him with my car for travel. It was also an unforgettable feeling: next to me was astronaut number two! So Siversky occupies a special place in my life and destiny.
— How did you meet German Stepanovich?
— The first time I saw German Titov was when he spoke to students at Voenmekh. This was in the sixties, after his flight into space. I was then about twenty years old. German Stepanovich headed the USSR Cosmonautics Federation after Nikolai Rukavishnikov. I was friends with the Aviation and Cosmonautics magazine, wrote articles about space and cosmonauts there, and German Stepanovich was deputy editor-in-chief there.
Oral editions of the magazine were also made in the House of Officers on Liteiny Prospekt. And he came there with representatives of the magazine. We constantly crossed paths, getting closer and closer. They invited him to meetings at the Cosmonautics Federation, came together to see Kirill Lavrov - they were friends. I helped him in his pre-election activities for the elections to the State Duma - he ran for the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. We visited enterprises in the city and region, and once stopped at Siversky.
We toured the museum in the Military Town, and on the way to the club, German Stepanovich suddenly stopped, pointed to a tree and said: “It was near this birch tree that I kissed my wife for the first time.” I was present at his 65th birthday, where he invited me to organize a trip to Siversky for a few days, so that he and his wife could walk around the places of their youth and remember the past. Unfortunately, this did not happen - cosmonaut number two passed away. And he really wanted to go to Siversky...
— The upcoming conference is subtitled “From Hussars to Cosmonauts.” Do you see any parallels here?
- Indeed, a comparison can be made. Every period of human history has its heroes. We know that in the Patriotic War of 1812, an important role was played by the hussars - brave, fearless people who did not allow the French to reach St. Petersburg, and their commander - the Russian commander P.Kh. Wittgenstein, in the opening of whose monument I took part. These same qualities are inherent in modern astronauts. After all, the first of them did not know where you were flying, how everything would turn out, whether you would be able to return to earth. Of course they were heroes. So the comparison of hussars and astronauts is quite acceptable.
— In the Siversk correctional “School of Life” an exhibition “The Cosmic History of Siversky” was opened. Do you think modern children are interested in space? Is there a need to tell them about astronautics and distant worlds?
- Undoubtedly. It so happened that specialists who were involved in the creation of the famous lunar rover lived and still live in Siverskoye. This is also a very interesting page in the history of astronautics, when automatic devices are being created to explore other planets. Today, rovers walk on both the Moon and Mars.
As for schoolchildren and astronautics, it should be noted that astronautics gives children a lot of scope for imagination - they can fantasize, they can dream about space flights and other planets. Without restrictions, without constant reprimands that you did something wrong, that it was wrong. The child himself came up with something, and the world around him is exactly like that in his eyes. That's how he perceives it. And maybe this is even correct. Therefore, space gives children the opportunity to express themselves, their fantasies and dreams without the fear that you will do something wrong.
— It turns out that space topics expand the boundaries of a child’s knowledge?
- Exactly. Here's a live example. For two years in a row, the Siversky Cinema and Cultural Center “Yubileiny” has been hosting the intellectual game “Space Smarties and Clever Girls,” which is attended by high school students from all over the Gatchina region. I was at the game as chairman of the jury. The game was created and the questions were developed by Anatoly Moiseevich Goncharov, a physics teacher at the Siverskaya gymnasium. The questions were very difficult; in order to prepare for them, the guys had to scour the Internet and study additional literature. Even those who did not win the game received a wealth of knowledge from various fields related to astronautics. As you say, “expanded the boundaries of knowledge.”
— Oleg Petrovich, a few words about the “Space Siverskaya” conference...
— The upcoming conference, among other things, serves to popularize among children and adults not only cosmonautics, but also significant pages in the history of your country, city, village in which you live. Those achievements that you can rightfully be proud of. Such events bring together many caring, interested people, both adults and schoolchildren, who discuss pressing issues and share their thoughts. This is very important. Such conferences certainly contribute to knowledge of the world around us.
Again, new ideas are being popularized, which will be reflected through the media - newspapers, television, radio, in order to attract the attention of the general public. Moreover, the history of Siversky is not only the history of space. This is a unique village with a rich history and marvelous natural beauty.
— Cosmonautics in the USSR and cosmonautics in modern Russia: what has changed?
- Here again we will have to return to Siversky. Take the beginning of the last century. Aviation appeared. Each aviator was known both by name and by sight. In the thirties, when Vodopyanov flew to the North Pole, Chkalov flew to America, they were carried in their arms. They were pioneers and folk heroes. What are we seeing now? You board the plane, sit down, and the name of the ship’s captain is announced over the radio. You fly and don't think about anything. Flying on an airplane has long become an ordinary event.
And astronautics, whether we like it or not, is also becoming an everyday task. Look how many satellites are flying! Meteorological, reconnaissance, communications satellites, satellites engaged in imaging the earth's surface. Our navigators work through space. Medical research is carried out on the space station. Tourists have already begun traveling into orbit! So space today is becoming just another place to work. This is objective reality.
Unfortunately, I sometimes scold the press a little. Why? Because it doesn’t tell us anything about today’s astronautics. Not so long ago, space flight received incomparably more attention. There were reports from the station about how the astronauts live, what they do, what tasks they perform. And today, at best, they will talk about the Olympic flame delivered into orbit. No, to find the possibility of some kind of constant information about the situation in the space field. You want everyone to know about our space achievements, but you take no action for this. Hence the decline in interest in astronautics as such.
It is to correct this situation that exhibitions are opened and conferences are held to expand the circle of people who are passionate about space. And projects of flights to the Moon and Mars, of course, will shake up humanity and return interest in space exploration. So astronautics entered the mainstream, as we said earlier, of the national economy.
At the same time, we are very glad that astronomy courses have been returned to schools. When you look at the endless starry sky, you are drawn to find out what is there that the distant luminaries and other worlds hide? Astronautics provides answers to these questions. The same Hubble telescope in orbit, taking unique photographs of distant galaxies. So space will remain at the forefront of human development, because it requires the most modern achievements of science and technology to create rockets and spacecraft.
- And the last thing. Oleg Petrovich, what do you see as the prospects for interaction between the Cosmonautics Federation and the space scientist Siversky? Are there any plans to involve him more widely in the activities of your organization?
- We need to work on this. Moreover, the Governor of the Leningrad Region, Alexander Drozdenko, is himself a member of our Federation (smiles). Although a lot has already been done in Siverskoye. Together with the Yubileiny SKKTs, a number of events dedicated to the space theme are held.
Annual, since 2011, scientific and educational conferences with the participation of Russian pilot-cosmonauts, dedicated to the birthday of G.S. Titov, intellectual game “Space Smarties and Clever Girls” for high school students. Since 2013, a hockey tournament for the Cosmonaut Cup No. 2 has been held. And, most importantly, the Alley of Space Heroes appeared in the settlement - the only one in the Leningrad region. The Cosmonautics Federation maintains close contact with the administration of the Siversky urban settlement, its head Vladimir Nikolaevich Kuzmin and deputy head Marina Evgenievna Dozmorova.
I would like to mention the people thanks to whom interest in space in Siverskoye is growing. This is the director of the Yubileiny Sports and Cultural Center Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Titova and deputy director Olga Aleksandrovna Babenko, physics teacher of the Siverskaya gymnasium Anatoly Moiseevich Goncharov, co-chairman of the public organization "Charitable Foundation "My Small Motherland" Andrei Nikolaevich Kolobovnikov, full member of the Federation of Cosmonautics, coordinator of the project "In Memory of Ancestors - We will worthy” Pyotr Vladimirovich Babenko and many other residents and public organizations of Siversky.