Употребление:
Настоящее продолженное время обозначает:
Действие, происходящее в настоящий момент
He is watching TV now.
Look! He is crossing the street.
She is listening to the radio at the moment.
Действие в виде непрерывного процесса
The Earth is rotating.
It is raining outside.
Будущее действие, если оно запланировано
The plane is arriving at the airport at 7 pm.
They are leaving Moscow next week.
Некоторые глаголы не употребляются в Continuous. Это глаголы, обозначающие чувственное восприятие (to hear, to see ), умственную деятельность (to know, to understand, to remember ), желания (to wish, to want ), чувства (to love, to hate, to like ).
Образование:
Present continuous: am/is/are + Participle I (V+-ing)
Документ без названия
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
I am not sitting |
||
He is sitting |
He is not sitting |
Is he sitting? |
We are sitting |
We are not sitting |
Are we sitting? |
are not = aren"t
Упражнение 1. Проспрягайте письменно следующие глаголы в Present Continuous:
1. He is going to work at the moment.
2. Our editors are going proofread articles in this newspaper and correct the mistakes.
3. Helen is going to the library every fortnight.
4. Good parents are spending time with their children.
5. We are studing well and do all the exercises in English.
1. She (read) at the moment.
2. We (work) now.
3. He (dance) now.
4. Alex (write) essays for the local newspaper at the moment.
5. Linda (drive) her car.
1. We will go in Moscow.
3. She is buy presents.
4. They will write essays for the local newspaper.
5. He are driving his motorbike very well.
1. Они читают газету.
2. Я очень хочу в Италию, поэтому я учу Итальянский.
3. Я еду в Лондон.
4. Алексей играет в футбол лучше всех.
5. Мы едем на пикник всей семьей.
Употребление:
Прошедшее продолженное время (Past Continuous) обозначает:
Действие, имевшее место в определенный момент в прошлом, который обозначен либо обстоятельством времени, либо другим действием в прошлом. При этом ни начало, ни конец длительного действия неизвестны. Подчеркивается процесс действия и его продолжительность.
I was writing a letter at 5 o"clock.
I was writing a letter when my mother came.
I was writing a composition the whole day yesterday.
Образование:
Past Continuous: was/were + Participle I (-ing)
Документ без названия
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
I was not sitting |
||
He was sitting |
He was not sitting |
Was he sitting? |
We were sitting |
We were not sitting |
Were we sitting? |
was not = wasn"t
were not = weren"t
Выполните следующие упражнения:
Упражнение 1. Проспрягайте письменно следующие глаголы в Past Continuous:
say, find, buy, reply, work, walk, speak
Упражнение 2. Перепишите предложения, поставив глаголы в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:
1. He was working when I went to the work.
2. Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.
3. I saw Helen when we were having dinner.
4. While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
5. My car broke down when I was driving to work.
Упражнение 3. Откройте скобки. Употребите нужную форму глагола.
1. He broke a tooth when he (eat) a sandwich.
2. I dropped my bag when I (run) for a bus.
3. Little Mary came in. She (eat) an ice-cream.
4. It (rain) when I went out into the street.
5. Sue (work) at ten o"clock yesterday morning.
Упражнение 4. Правильно или не правильно составлено предложение?
1. We was going in Moscow.
2. Andrey go to the University.
3. She bought presents and I went to the library.
4. They wrote essays for the local newspaper when I was doing article.
5. He drove his motorbike when I saw him.
Упражнение 5. Переведите на с русского на английский язык.
1. Когда они накрывали на стол, я пил чай.
2. Я пошел в музей, а они сидели в кафе.
3. Он водил машину в течении 2-х часов.
4. Когда он зашел, я смотрел телевизор.
5. Я делал домашние задание в 5 часов вчера.
Употребление:
Будущее продолженное время (Future Continuous) обозначает будущее действие в процессе его совершения, которое закончится до определенного момента в будущем. Это время также употребляется для выражения намерения совершить действие в будущем или уверенности в его совершении:
He will be writing a composition the whole day tomorrow.
At midnight she will be sleeping.
At 10 o"clock next Monday I shall be having an exam.
Образование:
Документ без названия
Утвердительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
I shall be playing |
||
He will be playing |
He will not be |
Will he be? |
We shall be playing |
We shall not be |
Shall we be? |
shall not =shan"t
will not = won"t
Выполните следующие упражнения:
Упражнение 1. Проспрягайте письменно следующие глаголы в Future Continuous:
say, find, buy, reply, work, walk, speak
Упражнение 2. Перепишите предложения, поставив глаголы в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:
1. I will be doing my homework at 5 o"clock tomorrow.
2. He will be watching football for 2 hours.
3. When I come, they will be playing.
4. I will be singing at 3 o"clock tomorrow.
5. He will be driving a car for 2 hours.
Упражнение 3. Откройте скобки. Употребите нужную форму глагола.
1. When she (came), they (learn) English.
2. I (read) at 6 o"clock.
3. I (work) all day tomorrow.
4. I (see) Tom tomorrow.
5. Не (read) when his friend comes.
Упражнение 4. Правильно или не правильно составлено предложение?
1. I be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.
2. They won"t be watching TV at 9pm tonight.
3. What will you be do at 10pm tonight?
4. What you be doing when I arrive?
5. She will not be sleeping when you telephone her.
Упражнение 5. Переведите на с русского на английский язык.
1. Завтра в это время я буду готовиться к семинару.
2. Мы будем ждать вас в 5 часов.
3. Они будут ждать нас там?
4. Я буду слушать последние известия по радио.
5. Он не будет работать в саду.
Text 1. How to edit your articles as you write
1. Read the text.
How To Edit Your Articles As You Write
Increase your ezine subscribers by submitting articles once or twice a week to the opt-in ezines. Read by thousands, even hundreds of thousands, you get 10-25 new subscribers for each submission. Your articles also bring people to your Web site to buy your products. Use this checklist to edit your own work.
Knowing these benefits, you want to create and submit as many excellent articles as you can. At times, you have the articles complete, but don"t have anyone handy to edit them. While it"s best to get at least two other edits from business associates, you can edit your articles yourself with a little help.
Use this checklist to edit your own work:
1. Start your introduction with a question or startling fact. You must hook your readers with something that reaches their emotions.
2. Make your introduction only a few sentences. Your readers want to get to the heart of your article fast. They want easy-to-read quick tips. Long stories can bring a yawn to your reader.
3. At the end of your introduction, include your article"s thesis to stay on track and make your article clear and compelling. For instance, "use this checklist to edit your own work".
4. Make all of your sentences short. Since standard sentence length is 15-17 words, make most of your sentences under that number. Complex sentences and multiple phrases make the reading tougher. Make it easy for your readers to find the subject and verb of each sentence, so they get the point fast.
5. Avoid dull, slow sentences. To avoid passive construction, start them with a subject, and then follow with a verb. For instance, "The coach marketed her business and books through submitting articles online" is an active sentence. "The coach"s books were marketed online through submitting articles" is passive. Drop linking verbs such as "is", "was", "seemed", or "had". Replace them with power, active verbs. Instead of "She is beautiful", you could say, "Her beauty compels you to stare at her".
6. Aim for compelling, clear copy. Write for the 8-10th grade reader. Don"t try to impress with pompous words such as "utilize". Always think "What"s in it for them?"
7. Use specific nouns and names. General references don"t engage your readers" emotions. Let them see the size, color, and shape. Rather than say, "Write your book fast to make lifelong income", say "Write and finish your book fast so you can take that long vacation to a Caribbean island". Money alone doesn"t motivate, but what we can do with it does.
8. Let go of certain adverbs. Words like very, suddenly, and sparingly, tell instead of show. Use adverbs as often as you celebrate your birthday. Did I show, rather than tell? Your readers are hungry to experience feelings as well as picture themselves in your examples.
9. Let go of adjectives. Instead of saying, She is a super-intelligent person, you could say, "She"s a genius".
10. Appeal to the senses of sight, sound, and emotions. Telling is not effective. Instead of "Buy this book today because it is so useful", say, "Would you like to double, even quadruple your Online income in three months?"
11. Cut redundancies. Too much repetition in your articles speaks boring or "talking down" to your readers. Be willing to part with some of your "precious" words. Your first edit should reduce your words at least by one-fourth.
12. Don"t use pompous words to try to impress your reader. Use the shortest, simplest, most well-know word. Check your word"s number of syllables. The more syllables, the more difficult.
13. Keep the subject and verb as close together as possible. Don"t make your reader work to get the meaning.
14. Use the present or past tense of the verb rather than the "-ing" form of the verb. Instead of "she is singing", say, "she sings or she sang".
15. Put your point at the end of a sentence, a paragraph, or chapter for emphasis. This position hooks the reader to pause and notice or hooks him to keep reading.
16. Cut cliches. Once, original metaphors, cliches age and become trite. Instead of "Birds of a Feather Flock Together", you could say, "Birds of a Feather Need to Fly Away".
Make your articles sculptured and painted like a fine work of art. Your word choices do make a difference-both in commercial acceptance as well as audience understanding.
Self-editing will help.
1. ezine - электронный журнал
2. subscriber - подписчик
3. opt-in - подписка
4. submission - представление
5. handy - удобный, находящийся рядом
6. heart - суть
7. checklist - инструкция, перечень
8. startling fact - поразительный факт
9. introduction - вступительная часть
10. submit - дать подзаголовок
11. tips - сведения
12. yawn - зевота
13. on track - согласно плану
14. compelling - привлекающий внимание
16. coach - инструктор
17. tip - намек
18. to compel - заставлять, понуждать
19. linking verbs - глаголы-связки
20. to talk down - заставить замолчать
21. to stare - смотреть не отрываясь, пристально
22. sparingly - бережно, экономно
23. to quadruple - увеличить в четыре раза
24. redundance - излишество, дублирование
25. to avoid - избегать
26. coach - инструктор (репетитор)
27. precious - драгоценный
28. syllable - слог
29. cliche - штамп, избитое выражение
30. emphasis - подчеркивание, акцент
31. pompous - напыщенный, громкий
32. fine work of art - произведение изящного искусства
1. Your articles also bring people to your Web site to buy your products. Use this checklist to edit your own work.
2. While it"s best to get at least two other edits from business associates, you can edit your articles yourself with a little help.
3. Your readers want to get to the heart of your article fast. They want easy-to-read quick tips. Long stories can bring a yawn to your reader.
4. Complex sentences and multiple phrases make the reading tougher. Make it easy for your readers to find the subject and verb of each sentence, so they get the point fast.
5. Cut redundancies. Too much repetition in your articles speaks boring or "talking down" to your readers
6. Don"t use pompous words to try to impress your reader. Use the shortest, simplest, most well-know word.
7. Make your articles sculptured and painted like a fine work of art. Your word choices do make a difference ndash; both in commercial acceptance as well as audience understanding.
4. Give the English equivalents from the article given above:
Статьи привлекут читателя на веб-сайт; коллеги по бизнесу; временами; находящийся под рукой, чтобы отредактировать статью; с небольшой помощью; ухватить суть статьи; проверить количество слогов; избегать использование страдательного залога; заставить зевать; затруднить чтение (сделать его труднее); легкие для чтения намеки; быстро понять сущность статьи; зрение, слух, чувства; деньги сами по себе не мотивируют; сократить повторы; хорошо известные слова; произвести впечатление на читателя; использовать самые короткие слова, в коммерческом отношении; произведение изящного искусства; понимание аудитории, редактирование самого себя.
1. Want is the aim of the article?
2. What recommendations do you follow on your writing?
3. Why should we avoid complex words?
4. Why is it better to cut redundancies?
5. What is recommended about the introduction?
6. What kind of words is it better to use?
6. Translate into English:
1. Статьи привлекут читателей на ваш сайт, если вы последуете ряду советов.
2. Не используйте сложные предложения, чтобы не заставлять читателей зевать.
3. Сократите повторы, которые затрудняют чтение статей.
4. Облегчите структуру предложения, чтобы читатель мог быстро найти подлежащее и сказуемое и сразу же понять основную мысль.
5. Можно привлечь ваших коллег к редактированию, но проще редактировать самому, если следовать определенным советам.
6. Следует использовать самые короткие, простые и общеизвестные слова.
7. Выбор слов будет содействовать наилучшему пониманию и коммерческому успеху статей.
Text 2. A literary editor
Copy editing (also copy-editing and copyediting ) is the work that an editor does to improve the formatting, style, and accuracy of a manuscript. Copy (as a noun) refers to written or typewritten text for typesetting, printing, or publication.
In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this is a copy editor , and an organization"s highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief . In book publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world that follow UK nomenclature, the term copy editor is used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is sub-editor , commonly shortened to sub ("to sub" is the verb form). The senior sub-editor on a title is referred to as the chief sub-editor .
There is no universal form for the job or job title; it is often written as one word (copyediting ) or with a hyphen (copy-editing ); the hyphenated form is especially common in Britain. Similarly, the term copy editor may be spelled either as one word, two words, or as a hyphenated compound term.
Copy editing is done prior to the work of proofreaders, who handle documents before final publication.
A literary editor is an editor in a newspaper or similar publication who deals with aspects concerning literature and books, especially reviews. A literary editor may also help with editing books themselves providing services such as proof reading, copy-editing, and literary criticism.
A consulting editor is a non-staff, non-salaried literary editor. It may be an independent, freelance editor, or a scholar providing expertise via consulting.
A state editor in a provincial or national government department is a salaried or honorary head of a government department. This post normally goes to members of the central services. The holder of such a post has the responsibility of editing and publishing gazetteer of more than one district of the province he/she is based in.
A contributing editor is a magazine job title that varies in responsibilities. Most often, a contributing editor is a freelancer who has proven ability and readership draw. The contributing editor regularly "contributes" articles to the publication, but does not actually edit articles, and the title is largely honorary. At smaller magazines the title may imply a staff member with regular writing responsibility and some editorial duties.
When a "contributing editor" is listed on the title page of a book, the term generally designates a person who has served as some kind of consultant in the book"s preparation but who is not responsible for the book"s final content. As with magazines, the title may be largely honorary.
A managing editor is a senior member of a publication"s management team. The title also applies to the evening televised newscasts on ABC, CNN, CBS, NBC and the FOX News Channel. The anchors of these newscasts also work as the managing editor of their newscasts.
In the United States, a managing editor oversees and coordinates the publication"s editorial activities. The position is generally the second highest in rank, after the editor-in-chief (also called the "executive editor".)
In the United Kingdom a managing editor tends to manage budget and staffing issues at a publication, and may have equivalent ranking to a deputy editor in the organisation"s structure.
Responsibilities vary from publication to publication.
A text editor is a type of program used for editing plain text files.
Text editors are often provided with operating systems or software development packages, and can be used to change configuration files and programming language source code.
Proofreading traditionally means reading a proof copy of a text in order to detect and correct any errors. Modern proofreading often requires reading copy at earlier stages as well.
Proofreading in printing and publishing
A proof copy is a version of a manuscript that has been typeset after copy-editing. Proof typescripts often contain typographical errors introduced by mistyping (hence the word typo to refer to misplaced, missing or incorrect characters). Traditionally, a proofreader checks the typeset copy and marks any errors using standard proof correction marks (such as those specified in style manuals, by house style, or, more broadly, by the international standard ISO 5776, or, for English, the British Standard BS-5261:2 ). This process may be known as a line edit. The proof is then returned to the typesetter for correction, and in many cases the production of a second proof copy (often known as a revise ). Proofreading is considered a specific skill that must be learned because it is in the nature of the mind to correct errors automatically. Someone not trained in proofreading may not see errors such as missing words or improper usage because their mind is showing them what it is trained to recognize as correct.
DP Proofreading Guidelines
The term proofreading is sometimes used incorrectly to refer to copy-editing. This is a separate activity, although there is some overlap between the two. Proofreading consists of reviewing any text, either hard copy on paper or electronic copy on a computer, and checking for typos and formatting errors. This may be done either against an original document or "blind" (without checking against any other source). Many modern proofreaders are also required to take on some light copy-editing duties, such as checking for grammar and consist.
Press Checks take place after the printing press is set up, but before the actual run is underway. While errors should have been corrected during the Color Proofing and Proofreading stages, the main purpose of a press check is to make sure that the color on press comes as close as possible to the color proof. Color proofs are valuable guides, but due to the inherent differences between different color proofing techniques and the printing process, proofs will match the printed sheet with varying degrees of exactness.
Areas that are commonly evaluated at a press check are:
Flesh tones or corporate logo match colors.
Overall color balance across the sheet.
Paper stock (checking for correct color, weight or texture).
Content (looking for missing elements and confirming copy changes).
Registration (checking sharpness, color overlapping, edges of images and screened type).
Physical defects (checking for broken type, odd scratches, hickeys, spots or ghosting).
2. Learn the Words and Word Combinations
1. сopy - экземпляр, версия
2. copy editing - техническое редактирование
3. typewritten - отпечатанный на машинке
4. typesetting - типографский набор
5. formatting - форматирование
6. handle - обрабатывать, рассматривать
7. nomenclature - терминология, номенклатура
9. literary criticism - литературоведение, литературная критика
10. commonly - обычно
11. hyphen - дефис
12. review - периодическое издание
13. freelance - свободный
14. gazetteer - газетчик
15. contributing editor - пишущий редактор
16. anchor - ведущий передачи на радио
17. readership - контингент читателей
18. draw - то, что пользуется спросом
19. honorary - безвозмездный
20. managing editor - главный редактор (руководящий редактор)
21. Proofreading - читка корректуры
22. newscast - последние известия
23. mistyping - опечатка
24. misplaced - поставленный не на место
25. character - буква, литера
26. line edit - строчное редактирование
27. revise - пересмотр, вторая корректура
28. color proof - цветопроба
29. overall - общий
30. paper stock - бумажная масса
32. registration - приводка, выравнивание
33. sharpness - контрастность
34. overlapping - совмещение
35. screened - растрированный
36. inherited - накопленный, унаследованный
37. edges of images - края изображений
38. broken - прерванный
39. hickey - марашка
40. ghosting - появление посторонних пятен
Все последующие задания выполняются письменно
3. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. Copy editing (also copy-editing and copyediting) is the work that an editor does to improve the formatting, style, and accuracy of a manuscript.
2. In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this is a copy editor, and an organization"s highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief.
3. There is no universal form for the job or job title; it is often written as one word (copyediting) or with a hyphen (copy-editing); the hyphenated form is especially common in Britain.
4. When a "contributing editor" is listed on the title page of a book, the term generally designates a person who has served as some kind of consultant in the book"s preparation but who is not responsible for the book"s final content.
5. Proofreading consists of reviewing any text, either hard copy on paper or electronic copy on a computer, and checking for typos and formatting errors.
6. While errors should have been corrected during the Color Proofing and Proofreading stages, the main purpose of a press check is to make sure that the color on press comes as close as possible to the color proof.
7. Color proofs are valuable guides, but due to the inherent differences between different color proofing techniques and the printing process, proofs will match the printed sheet with varying degrees of exactness.
4. Give the English equivalents from the article given above:
Улучшить формат, стиль и точность рукописи, редактор из самых высоких сфер, нет универсальной формы, группа редакторов текста, помещать в списке, особенно распространена, просмотр текста, главная задача, как можно ближе, неправильно использовать, экземпляр в толстой обложке, механические дефекты, искать пропущенное, электронная версия, не отвечать за окончательное содержание, ошибки форматирования, обязанности меняются от публикации к публикации, типографические ошибки, пролить свет, с различными уровнями точности, благодаря (унаследованным) накопленным различиям.
5. Answer the following questions:
1. Who is called in the USA and Canada a copy chief?
2. What type of editor is a contributing editor?
3. What other types of literary editors do you know?
4. What do we call proofreading?
5. What is the main purpose of proof check?
6. Why does a contributing writer not responsible for the content?
7. When does the Press Checks take place ?
8. Which areas are evaluated in Press Checks?
9. What physical effects do you know?
6. Translate the following into English:
1. Копия (как существительное) относится к написанному или напечатанному на машинке тексте, типографскому набору или публикации.
2. Не существует универсального названия работы, часто пишут в одно слово - copyediting или через дефис - copy-editing, особенно в Великобритании.
3. Точно так же термин copy editor может писаться в одно, два слова или через дефис, как сложная форма.
4. Редактирование текста делают перед вычиткой корректоров, которые обрабатывают документ перед изданием.
5. Литературный редактор это редактор в газете или подобном издании, который имеет дело с аспектами, касающимися литературы или книг, особенно обзоров.
6. Как правило, корректор проверяет как отпечатано издание и исправляет стандартные ошибки стандартными знаками (эти знаки даны в учебниках или приняты как внутренний стиль или, в широком смысле, даны в международном стандарте ISO 5776, или по Британскому или Английскому стандарту BS-5261:2).
7. Необходимо проверять тона и цветовые гаммы, четкость отсутствие механических повреждений.
Упражнение 1.
Откройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
1. Timothy (to feed) his dog.
2. Mr. Jones (to clean) his yard.
3. Nancy (to paint) her kitchen.
4. Our neighbors (to wash) their car.
5. I (to wash) my hair.
6. Who (to fix) your sink?
7. What she (to do) now? – She (to dance).
8.I(to listen) to the radio.
9.She (not to type) her tests.
10.Why you (to shout)?
Упражнение 2.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Continuous.
1. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday.
2. My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday.
3. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o’clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball.
4. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday.
5. You (to drink) tea at this time yesterday? – No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday.
6. My sister is fond of reading. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday, and now she (to read) again.
7. I (to sleep) when she came home
8. She (not to read) now.
9. When I went into the garden, the sun (to shine) and the birds (to sing) in the trees.
10. What your father (to do) from eight till nine yesterday?
Упражнение 3.
1. I (to go) to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday.
2. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me.
3. I (to do) my homework the whole evening yesterday.
4. When the World War (break), John (live) in Holland.
5. I (to work) in the library from five till eight yesterday.
6. I (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. I (to read) a book.
7. When I (to draw) yesterday, I (to break) two pencils.
8. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture yesterday.
9. They (to get) ready to go out when it (to begin) raining.
10. What you (to do) yesterday? - I (to translate) a very long article.
Упражнение 4.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. When I (to work) in the garden, my little sister (to sleep).
2. When Nick (to return) home, his brother (to play) with his toys.
3. When mother (to ring up) home, I (to do) my homework.
4. When father (to repair) the car, Pete (to watch) the process.
5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet.
6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea.
7. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table.
8. While I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my gold earring.
9. He (to turn off) the electricity when I (to listen to) the radio.
10. She (to look) out of the window when I (to see) her.
Упражнение 5.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. Father (to watch) TV at ten o’clock yesterday.
2. I (to go) to bed at nine o’clock yesterday.
3. I (to finish) my homework at nine o’clock yesterday.
4. I (to play) the piano at five o’clock yesterday.
5. He (to begin) to do his homework at four o’clock yesterday.
6. She (to wash) the floor at four o’clock yesterday.
7. He (to get) up at 7 yesterday.
8. She (to fall) asleep at 11 yesterday.
9. Mother (to drink) tea at 11 yesterday.
10. They (to meet) at the street 2 hours ago.
Упражнение 6.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continuous.
1. I (to do) my homework at six o’clock tomorrow.
2. When I get home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper.
3.When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) your book.
4. Don’t call on us tonight! We (to pack).
5. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening.
6. What you (to do) at eight tomorrow?
7. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow?
8. When we arrive in St.-Petersburg, it probably (to rain).
9. When you (to go) to see your friend next time?
10. I (to wait) for you when you (to come).
Упражнение 7.
Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Приходи сегодня, я буду ждать.
2. Где он сейчас работает?
3. Кто-нибудь читает эту газету? Я хочу ее взять.
4. Он вошел в комнату, где его ждал экзаменатор.
5. Ты увидишь ее сегодня в институте?
6. Звонок раздался, когда я заканчивала писать сочинение.
7. Ты что, целую библиотеку несешь в портфеле? Он очень тяжелый.
8. Почему вы в свитере и брюках?
9. Интересно, над чем ты смеешься?
10. Он живет со своими родителями сейчас. Я думаю, он ищет работу.
Упражнение 1. Вставь глагол to be в Present, Past or Future Simple.
1. The students … in the Russian Museum. 2. Last month they … in the Hermitage. There … an interesting exhibition there. 3. In two weeks they … in the Tretyakov Gallery. They… lucky. 4. My father … a teacher. 5. He … a pupil twenty years ago. 6. I … a doctor when I grow up. 7. My sister … not at home tomorrow. 8. She … at school tomorrow. 9. … you … at home tomorrow? 10. …your father at work yesterday? 11. My sister … ill last week. 12. She … not ill now. 13. Yesterday we … at the theatre. 14. Where … your mother now? - She … in the kitchen. 15. Where …you yesterday? - I … at the cinema. 16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family … at home. 17. … your little sister in bed now? - Yes, she ….18. … you … at school tomorrow? - Yes, I … . 19. When my granny … young, she … an actress. 20. My friend … in Moscow now. 21. He … in St. Petersburg tomorrow. 22. Where … your books now? - They … in my bag.
Упражнение 2. Вставь глагол to be в Present, Past or Future Simple.
Ronald Frank ... a managing director of the First Bank of Kingsville in Main Street. He ... always on a business trip. Yesterday he ... in Geneva. Tomorrow he ... in London. Last week he ... in Chicago. Next week he ... in New Orleans. At the moment he ... in Amsterdam. In two hours he ... in the Hague. Three days ago he ... in Paris. At the end of his trip he ... usually very tired but happy. He ... with his family now. His sons ... so much excited. They have got new toys from their father. Everybody in the family ... very glad to see him at home again.
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
(USUALLY) 1. My working day (to begin) at seven o"clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. My sister (to get) up at eight o"clock. She (to be) a schoolgirl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o"clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o"clock. In the evening we (to gather) in the living room. We (to watch) TV and (to talk).
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
The legend of Lake Naroch.
Many years ago there __________ (live) a girl called Nara. She _____ (can) sing very well and play the psaltery .She _____ (love) a young man and ________ (want) to marry him. One day she was sitting near a large beautiful lake when a rich man ________ (see) her. He _______ (like) Nara so much that he_________ (want) to marry her. As Nara________ (have) a groom (жених) she________ (not want) _______ to marry the rich man. But the rich man_______ (be) very stubborn (упрямый), and his servants ___________ (kill) Nara’s groom and __________ (take) Nara to the rich man’s palace. The girl ______ (be) so unhappy that when everybody was sleeping, she ________ (set) fire to the palace, and _______ (run) away. When the rich man________ (learn) about it, he _____ (send) his servants (слуги) after Nara. As she ___________ (cannot) run away from them, Nara ___________ (dive) into the lake and____________ (die). From that time the lake was named Lake Naroch.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. I (to go) to bed at ten o"clock every day.
2. I (to go) to bed at ten o"clock yesterday.
3. I (to go) to bed at ten o"clock tomorrow.
4. I (not to go) to the cinema every day.
5. I (not to go) to the cinema yesterday.
6. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow.
7. You (to watch) TV every day?
8. You (to watch) TV yesterday?
9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow?
10.When you (to leave) home for school every day?
11.When you (to leave) home for school yesterday?
12.When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow?
13.My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. The office where he (to work) is near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o"clock.
14.You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? - No, I....
15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? - I (to buy) a book.
16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.
Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. Не (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning.
2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning.
3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning.
4. I always (to go) to the village to visit my granny there.
5. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) there.
6. I (not to go) there next year.
7. Who (to take) care of the child in the future?
8. How often you (to go) to the dentist"s?
9. He even (not to know) how to use the washing machine.
10. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (to be) never a problem.
11. You (to think) you (to be) happy in your new neighborhood?
12. When the cabbage soup (to be) ready?
13. When (to be) your birthday?
14. Who (to create) Mickey Mouse?
Упражнение7. Составь вопросы .
1. The children will ski in winter. (Who? When?)
2. The forest is green in spring. (What? When?)
3. Rabbits wear white fur in winter. (Who? When?)
5. I"ll fly to Britain next month. (Who? When? Where?)
6. Yesterday we went to the park. (Who? When? Where?)
7. My friends will go to school tomorrow. (When? Where?)
8. Last year autumn was cold. (What? When?)
9. He swam very well two hours ago. (Who? When?)
10. In the evening I read books. (What? When?)
Упражнение 8. Раскрой скобки. Поставьте глагол в Present Simple Passive.
a. English ____________________ (speak) in many countries.
b. The post ______________________ (deliver) at 7 o’clock every morning.
c. ______________________________ (the building/use) anymore?
d. How often ______________________________ (the Olympic Games(hold)?
e. How _______________________ (your name/spell)?
f. My salary _____________________ (pay) every month.
g. These cars _________________________ (not make) in Japan.
h. The name of the people who committed the crime _____________________ (not know).
Упражнение 9. Раскрой скобки. Поставьте глагол в Past Simple Passive .
a. My car ______________________ (repair) last week.
b. This song ________________________ (not write) by John Lennon.
c. ________________________________ (the phone/answer) by a young girl?
d. The film ________________________ (make) ten years ago.
e. When ______________________________ (tennis/invent)?
f. The car ________________________ (not damage) in the accident.
g. The original building _________________________ (pull) down in 1965.
h. Where ______________________________ (this pot/make)?
i. When _______________________________ (this bridge/build)?
Упражнение 10. Перепишите текст, поставив выделенные глаголы в страдательный залог.
Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time someone called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulance took fifteen people to hospital suffering from severe burns. They say that seven of them are in a serious condition. People think that a discarded cigarette started the fire.
(E.g.: The Royal Hotel was almost completely destroyed by fire last night By the time the Fire Brigade was called, ...)
Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки.
1. My car (damage) last night.
2. This computer (make) in the USA.
3. The machine (make) in Scotland.
4. The President (kill) last night.
5. The money (change into dollars) at the bank.
6. The parcel (post) yesterday.
7. Cheese (make) from milk.
Упражнение 12. Постройте предложения в страдательном залоге, используя слова в скобках.
a. We sell tickets for all shows at the Box Office. (Tickets for all shows/sell/at the Box Office)_______________________________________________.
b. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. (The electric light bulb/invent/by Thomas Edison) ________________________________________.
c. Someone painted the office last week. (The office/paint/last week) ___________________________________________________________.
d. Several people saw the accident. (The accident/see/by several people) _____________________________________________________________.
e. Where do they make these video recorders? (Where/these video recorders/make) _________________________________________.
Упражнение 13. Постройте предложения в страдательном залоге.
1. They told me an interesting story yesterday.
2. They offered him a cup of tea.
3. They teach the children French and German.
4. They will show us some new magazines.
5. They gave him an invitation card to the party.
6. The teacher always answers the students’ questions.
7. The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow.
8. I bought this book a week ago.
9. They produce cars in this factory.
10. The police will arrest the robbers.
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS.
Группа Continuous (Progressive) представлена в английском языке временами:
· The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense - настоящее продолженное время,
· The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense – прошедшее продолженное время,
· The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense – будущее продолженное
Времена группы Continuous обозначают действия, которые протекают, протекали или будут протекать в определённый момент настоящего, прошедшего или будущего времени. Дополнительной характеристикой является процесс, т.е. незаконченность выполнения данного действия на определённый момент времени.
Любое время группы Continuous образуется по общей схеме:
| to be + Participle I (Ving) |
V - это глагол.
Present Continuous: I am listening to the radio. - Я слушаю радио .
Past Continuous : When he came in I was listening to the radio. – Когда он вошел , я слушал радио .
Future Continuous: When you come I shall be listening to the radio. – Когда ты придешь , я буду слушать радио .
The Present Continuous Tense (Настоящее продолженное время).
Образование Present ContinuousTense.
1. The Present Continuous (Progressive ) Tens e образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем времени и причастия настоящего времени Present Participle :
| am is Ving are |
Present Participle образуется от инфинитива без частицы to с помощью прибавления суффикса –ing: to do – doing.
· Если глагол заканчивается на «e» , а перед ней стоит согласная, то «e» исчезает: use-using, manage - managing. Но: dye - dyeing.
· Буква «l» на конце слова удваивается: travel - travelling.
· А вот «у» , несмотря на предыдущие согласные или гласные буквы, сохраняется: stay - staying, study - studying.
· Согласная после краткого ударного слога удваивается: stop - stopping, sit - sitting .
· «ie» меняется на «y » на конце глагола: die - dying.
2. Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not , которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I am not working. He is not working. We are not working.
3. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Am I working? Is he working? Are you working?
В разговорном английском языке вместо полных форм обычно употребляется сокращенные: is not - isn’t , are not -aren’t
Употребление Present Continuous Tense.
1. Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в момент речи:
· She is typing a letter. - Она печатает письмо (сейчас).
Глаголы в форме настоящего продолженного времени часто употребляются с обстоятельствами now - сейчас, at the moment - в настоящий момент. Однако часто эти слова в предложении отсутствуют, так как они всегда очевидны из самой формы глагола.
2. Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени, хотя и не обязательно в момент речи:
· Не is writing a new play. - Он пишет новую пьесу.
3. Для обозначения действий, являющихся постоянной характеристикой определенного человека. Речь говорящего в этом случае приобретает эмоциональный оттенок (раздражение, похвала, осуждение и т.п.). В таких предложениях, как правило, есть наречия always, constantly:
· Oh, I have no patience with you! Why are you always losing your keys? - О, мое терпение лопает! Почему ты всегда теряешь ключи?
4. Для обозначения запланированного действия в будущем, когда высказывается намерение совершить действие или уверенность в его совершении (часто употребляется с глаголами движения):
· The teacher is making a test on Monday. - Преподаватель проведет контрольную в понедельник.
5. Глаголы состояния в Continuous не употребляется, т.к. они сами обозначают процесс. Эти глаголы употребляются в Simple:
To love (любить);
To have (иметь);
To look (выглядеть);
- to think (думать);
- to want (хотеть);
- to live (жить);
- to be (быт, находиться);
- to feel (чувствовать);
- to see (видеть);
- to know (знать);
- to remember (помнить);
- to hear (слышать);
- to stay (оставаться);
Исключение составляет тот случай, когда хотят показать, что данное состояние временное.
· How are you feeling? - Great. – Как ты себя чувствуешь? –Великолепно.
Некоторые из вышеперечисленных глаголов могут использоваться в форме Соntinuous, но значение их при этом меняется:
| Verb | Simple | Continuous |
| To think | в значении "иметь мнение" What do you think of classical music? – Что ты думаешь о классической музыке? | в значении "иметь что-то в мыслях, думать", т.к. это умственная деятельность, а не состояние: You aren’t listening to me? What are you thinking about? – Ты меня не слышишь? О чем ты думаешь? |
| To have | в значении "иметь, владеть" I have a big family . -У меня большая семья. | в составе словосочетаний: have a shower have a bath have breakfast/lunch/dinner have a good time have a headache/toothache He is having his lunch. – Он обедает. |
| To see | "понимать,видеть" I see you. - Я вижу вас. I see what you mean. - Я понимаю, о чем вы. | в значении "встречаться, видеться с кем-либо" I am seeing my dentist tomorrow. - Завтра я встречаюсь со своим стоматологом. |
| To feel | в значении "быть на ощупь" Wool feels soft .- Шерсть мягкая на ощупь. | "касаться, трогать, дотрагиваться, щупать" The doctor is feeling my forehead. - Врач трогает мой лоб. |
| To look | "выглядеть, иметь вид" You look tired. – Ты выглядишь усталой. | "смотреть на что-либо" What are you looking at? – На что ты смотришь? |
Test
Variant 1
Task 1.
He is reading a newspaper now.
Is he reading a newspaper or a book now?
He is not reading, he is listening to the radio now.
Task 2 . . Use the Present Continuous Tense.
We have lectures every day. (now)
He watches TV in the evening. (at the moment)
Task 3 . Use the Past Continuous Tense.
He worked hard, (when I came)
He delivered lectures (at 12 o’clock yesterday, day)
Task 4.
We have an English lesson today, (at 10 o’clock tomorrow)
He is preparing for his exams. (next month)
Task 5 . Answer the questions
What were you doing at about 4 o’clock yesterday? (to repair my tape-recorder)
What was Ann doing at that moment? (to sleep)
What were you doing all afternoon yesterday? (to watch TV)
. Task 6
1. She is translating the article into Russian
2. His friends are still speaking over the telephone
3. We were looking for him the day before yesterday.
4. She was typing a letter at that moment.
Task 7
1. It is raining.
2. She is talking to her old friend.
3. It was snowing when I left home.
4. We were having dinner when you rang me up.
Task 8
1. Are you reading or writing now?
2. Are you making progress in your English?
3. Is your friend listening to you now?
4. Is it snowing now?
Task 9 . I Continuous Tense.
1. He (to take) a bath now.
2. I (not to laugh) at you.
3. He (to I come) here next week.
4. If I (to sleep) when he comes, please, I wake me up.
Task 10
1. The expedition is returning next week. (When)
2. We are doing grammar exercises now. (What)
3. The mother is teaching her little son to read. (Who)
Task 11 . Translate into English.
Что вы обсуждаете? - Мы обсуждаем план будущей экскурсии.
2. Вы идете в кино с нами?
3. О чем вы сейчас думаете?
4. Автобус уже отправлялся, когда я подошел к остановке.
Test
Variant 2
Task 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
It was raining when I left the house.
I shall still be working at 6 o’clock.
Will they be writing their course papers in April?
Task 2 . Use the Present Continuous Tense.
He sleeps in the daytime every day. (from 2 till 3)
She writes letters to her parents every week, (now)
Task 3. Use the Past Continuous Tense.
He left the house, (when the bell rang)
He crossed the street, (when I saw him)
Task 4. Use the Future Continuous Tense.
We are celebrating the 80th anniversary of our University. (next year)
He is leaving today, (at 7 o’clock tomorrow)
Task 5 . Answer the questions
What will she be doing after supper? (to do her home exercises)
What will you be doing for two more years? (to study French)
What will you be discussing at the seminar? (my essay)
Task 6 . Make the sentences interrogative.
1. .He is leaving by the 8 o’clock train
2. They are crossing the street?
3. He was watching TV when I came home.
4. They were crossing the street at 4 o’clock yesterday
Task 7 . Make the sentences negative.
1. I am buying sweets here.
2. Boys are playing football.
3. John was not listening to the latest news at 7 o’clock in the evening.
4. She was not hurrying to the station at that moment
Task 8 . Answer the following questions.
Was she wearing black at the party?
2. At what time were your j friends waiting for you at the station?
3. Where was he hurrying I at 8 o"clock in the morning?
4. What were the students translating when the teacher came?
Task 9 . Put the verb in brackets into the Present, Past or Future I Continuous Tense.
1. What journal you (to read) when I came to the library?
2. The whole family (to have) dinner when the telephone I rang.
3. Where he (to go) when the rain started?
4. She (to listen) to the radio at 5 o"clock tomorrow.
Task 10 . Form questions with the question words given.
1. I am reading a book on modern art. (What)
2. They were still arguing when I entered the room. (Who)
3.He is coming tomorrow. (When)
Task 11 . Translate into English.
Что он делал, когда вы зашли к нему?
Идет дождь, и мы не можем поехать за город.
Вчера в 10 часов наша группа сдавала экзамен по английскому языку
Мы будем переводить этот текст, когда ты вернешься.