Types of plasters for interior finishing: choosing the right one. Textured plaster: types and application features Decorative plaster inside

Gone are the days when plaster was used exclusively for preparatory purposes when decorating walls in a house. Now this material is widely used for surface finishing. Thanks to its decorative properties, the interior can be given an original and unique look. Decorative plaster is often confused with liquid wallpaper https://bioplast-russia.ru/. These materials are finishing materials, liquid wallpaper contains cellulose, a natural, harmless material. Decorative plaster contains cement and sand.

Purpose and benefits

Decorative plaster for interior decoration is a finishing coating for surfaces that can be applied with or without initial preparation of the base. This material is often offered in ready-made form, when the mixture is diluted in advance with a solvent or ordinary water under production conditions. After purchase, the mixture is used without modification.

But there are also dry mixtures that require adding liquid according to the instructions before adding them. To give the desired effect, various fillers are added to the plaster - pieces of shells or small pebbles.

This material has the following advantages:

• excellent soundproofing properties;
• resistance to moisture and temperature changes;
• smoothes out unevenness and other defects;
• ease of application and ease of use;
• variety of color palette.

Types of material

In stores you can find different types of coatings depending on the composition. Their use has its own advantages and application features.

Acrylic

It is based on acrylic resin, and the material itself can be applied to a wide variety of surface types. As a rule, it is sold in ready-made form. It is characterized by elasticity and durability. Having a low level of moisture absorption, this mixture is resistant to moisture, as well as to changes in the base. At the same time, there are disadvantages:

• rapid flammability;
• possibility of loss of appearance.

Mineral

The cement powder mixture requires dilution with water. It is easy to apply to the surface. The material is durable, moisture resistant, has good vapor permeability and has thermal insulation properties. Factors limiting use will be:

• the need for updating once every ten years;
• weak elasticity;
• the need for subsequent staining.

Silicate

It is most often used as facade decorative plaster, since it contains potassium glass, which is harmful to humans. It is advisable to apply it to a mineral mixture or directly to concrete. The benefits include:

• strength and high elasticity;
• high drying speed;
• Possibility of cleaning with water;
• excellent vapor permeability;
• antibacterial effect;
• durability.

However, this is an expensive and dangerous material for humans, requiring certain skills in working with it.

Silicone

Modern material made from silicone-type resins is sold ready-made in a wide color palette. Main advantages:

• elasticity and high degree of adhesion;
• moisture resistance and the ability to quickly remove dust;
• ease of finishing of any type of base indoors and outdoors;
• durability.

At the same time, the material is not cheap, and before application the surface must be treated with a silicone primer.

Selection of plaster

Finishing the walls with decorative plaster gives the interior a unique and original touch. However, to obtain the desired effect, it is advisable to choose the right texture.

Textured

This is a material with a very viscous structure. The composition includes various fillers, such as mica, wood, granite or marble chips. Can be used for both internal and external work. Concrete, brick and even wooden bases are subject to finishing. Advantages:

• formation of a durable waterproof but breathable coating;
• the ability to imitate other materials, such as leather, stone or wood;
• selection of decorative plaster color by tinting;
• excellent heat and sound insulation properties;
• ease of application and affordable price.

To create the desired pattern, you need to prepare a roller with a spatula and arm yourself with a stencil.

Structural

A ready-made material with a base of acrylic or silicate resins is offered for sale. Marble and quartz chips are used as filler, resulting in a grainy structure.

This is a universal, mechanically resistant coating. Applying decorative plaster with your own hands is quite simple; as a result, an original relief is formed.

The resulting layer is characterized by high parameters of breathability and moisture resistance. At the same time, temperature fluctuations do not have a significant impact on quality. To apply the material you need:

• clean the area;
• dry the wall;
• if necessary, level the surface;
• prime the wall and apply plaster.

Venetian

To get a beautiful coating, you need to purchase a transparent ready-made mixture and add one or more colors to it. To give the surface the necessary effects, the material is applied in layers, and protective wax or varnish is placed on top.

This plaster contains marble particles and lime. If necessary, you can get a marble or glossy surface. The applied composition dries quickly with the possibility of forming a mosaic-type relief. Among the qualities of such a durable coating are environmental friendliness, fire safety, resistance to wear and moisture.

When applying, the following sequence of actions must be followed:

• Clean and level the walls.
• Select areas up to 1 m in size, and after drying, apply the first layer.
• For the first coating, continuous application technology is used, and all subsequent layers are applied in strokes. Movements should be small. By adjusting the degree of pressure, you can change the texture of the coating.
• Smooth the coating over the area. Repeat steps over the entire surface.
• Allow the plaster to dry.
• Polish and apply wax or varnish to protect. As a result, you can get a coating like the one in the photo of decorative plaster.

Using modern methods of finishing walls and facades, you can create a beautiful interior, distinguished by originality and comfort. Decorative plaster helps solve this problem in the most effective and visually attractive way.

Photo of decorative plaster

Plaster is used as the final stage of covering the walls outside the building and inside to create a colorful interior. Finishing plastering indoors is carried out in order to level the walls and prepare them for painting or decorating with wallpaper.

But, you can achieve an excellent effect without wallpapering, by creating different types of relief surface, and using a variety of plastering techniques. The surface of the walls is modeled by giving different textures while the plaster has not yet hardened - such work must be done quickly enough and have sufficient experience in plastering.

Plaster is translated from Italian as gypsum, and its composition includes such basic components as sand, lime and cement. However, for a stronger decorative effect, various granules and bulk substances in the form of stone chips, shells, pieces of mica and wood fibers are added to the plaster mixture. In addition to the colorful effect, the inclusions achieve additional perspective volume.

The base of mineral-based plaster is lime, to which particles of other inclusions are added, such as clay, marble and granite chips. This composition only helps to strengthen its strength over time, but at the same time pass steam through its surface, in order to avoid the appearance of dampness in the house. This plaster is resistant to sunlight, but is excessively bulky and has little ability to undergo structural changes.

For polymer plaster, plastic and durable acrylic resins become the connecting link, which makes it possible to disguise the surface of the wall and give it new tactile and visual characteristics. A persistent illusion is created that the wall is lined with one of the types of polished stone, or it looks and feels like a suede covering, or is no different from natural leather. In addition to this optical illusion, such plaster is resistant to temperature fluctuations, repels water and has good resistance to sunlight. The only drawback of plaster made from modern polymer compounds is that it does not allow steam to pass through well, which contributes to the appearance of dampness in the rooms.

Silicone resin forms the basis of silicone plaster, which perfectly resists various destructive factors. It is hydrophobic, does not allow steam to pass through its surface, and has a wide range of colors. The increased plasticity of silicone plaster allows it to be widely used to create relief patterns of any texture and complexity.

Silicate plaster is based on liquid glass - it also easily takes any shape, is resistant to dirt, but is already capable of transmitting steam. Silicate plaster has good fire resistance and repels moisture. But it cannot boast of a wide selection of color shades - it is produced in the form of a dry mixture with the addition of various colors.

All types of decorative plaster photos with names can take on a rough texture, but the surface of the wall is sometimes leveled and processed to give a discreet glossy shine. But relief plaster with a variety of expressive effects has a special effect in the interior. Types of decorative plaster according to the type of inclusions are divided into:

• textured and structural, which have a relief rough surface;
• Venetian, which belongs to the almost smooth type of plaster, but looks simply magnificent.

All types of plaster mixtures belong to an environmentally friendly type of materials and are considered reliable and highly durable.

Other types of decorative plaster photos with names, in addition to the connecting link, have inclusions of flax threads, wood and granite and marble chips. Small decorative stones are also used. This coating eliminates wall protrusions and all types of surface irregularities - there is also no need to pre-prepare the walls for plastering. It is enough just to take care of removing any residues from the walls that can flake off and dry them well. This type of plaster has high viscosity, and its additional components are flax fibers, pieces of wood material, mica fragments, marble and granite chips.

This plaster works well for decorating brick, concrete and wooden surfaces - it is suitable for interior decoration work. Before applying plaster, the walls are primed with a deeply penetrating compound - to treat concrete walls, a special compound is applied, which promotes the best adhesion of the plaster layer to the wall.

The layer of textured plaster is quite hard and does not allow moisture to pass through, but air passes through such a coating freely. A layer of plaster can imitate natural stone, leather or wood. Textured plaster is one of the most popular types of decorative coatings, and is affordable.

The composition for preparing the solution is available in bags weighing 9, 18 and 50 kg in dry, ready-to-dilute form. The average consumption of the dry mixture is about 2 kilograms per square meter of wall. The dye may be in the dry mixture itself, or the wall may be painted after the plaster layer has hardened. It is not recommended to carry out external work in rainy weather and at temperatures up to 7 degrees Celsius. You can carry out texture work with a simple set of plastering tools - if professionals were not involved in the work, there are many options for designing walls in your own hands.

With the help of relief plaster, various relief patterns are formed on the wall. This:

• “lamb”, which imitates the fur of this animal - for such a coating, stone grains of various sizes are introduced into the dry plaster mixture and the coating receives a grainy and uneven surface;
• “fur coat” is also a rough surface with a fleecy structure, based on a cement plaster composition;
• “kored” is a plaster filled with small pebbles - such a surface resembles the wood of a tree that has been gnawed by a bark beetle.

This texture in the form of vertical grooves looks very impressive.

Thin-layer plaster is created on the basis of acrylic or silicate, and marble chips and quartz elements are used as a composite component. The dry mixture looks like a granular mass of heterogeneous composition and is used for finishing external and internal premises. When applying such a plaster solution, an almost even layer with weak granularity is obtained, but when the layer dries on a flat surface, it exhibits a peculiar optical relief. Having a good adhesion surface, this plaster adheres well to plasterboard and chipboard.

The features of structural plaster include its excellent breathability and resistance to various atmospheric conditions. Such a dry mixture is produced in packages weighing 9, 18 and 50 kilograms, and the finished solution is applied to a clean, dried surface treated with a primer, which penetrates deeply into the inner surface of the wall. At least 3 kilograms of dry mixture are consumed per square meter of wall.

During plastering work there should not be high humidity and the temperature should not drop below 7 degrees. Structural relief is achieved in various ways, and using tools such as a smooth spatula and a roller - sometimes the structural surface is created with a special sprayer. For example, to obtain a wave structure, plaster with large grains is used, and it is applied with a spatula in a circular motion.

Such properties of structural plaster allow its use for finishing bathrooms - facades, doors and gates can also be successfully finished with it. The new surface is resistant to damage and directed impacts - it can be used without fear of damage.

For interior work, a dry mixture is selected that is diluted with water - it does not give off an odor and hardens quickly enough.

Special skill is required when applying Venetian plaster - this multi-layer coating, originally from the romantic city of lovers, is made by adding marble chips and slaked lime to a dry mixture. During the construction of buildings and the use of marble for their decoration, many small pieces remained, and in order not to waste the goods, they began to be used as a material for wall cladding.

Externally, the coating looks like marble, or made of precious onyx, so it should be done by an experienced plasterer. Apply a solution of Venetian plaster with a rubber spatula and apply the thinnest layer - each layer requires complete drying. The dry mixture is quite expensive, and the work of creating a plaster layer is quite painstaking, but the effect of translucent matte layers justifies all the effort. Most often, Venetian plaster is used to recreate a classical and antique style - it looks especially impressive in the Baroque style.

Different directions of movement of the spatula and methods of applying plaster allow you to achieve a matte and glossy surface of the walls. In addition to stone surfaces, Venetian plaster can imitate the shine of precious metals - thus achieving the effect of expanding the room and complex reflection of light on the wall surface. The dry mixture is produced in bags of 8 and 16 kilograms, and color can be added to it. Before plastering work, the wall must be dry, clean and treated with a deep-action primer, and before priming it must be reinforced and puttied. If the technology for working with Venetian plaster is not followed, cracks may appear, which will then be difficult to get rid of. Often, this coating is used as a basis for bas-reliefs, frescoes and complex panels.

More and more new types of interior surface finishing are presented by modern manufacturers. These include:

• colored plaster, based on acrylic and marble chips - it is characterized by water-repellent properties and hardness. The variety of colors is represented by more than fifteen shades - the solution is applied to a dry, clean surface in one layer. The solution can be applied to the outer and inner surfaces with equal success, but in order to prevent the formation of joints that will be noticeable, the plastering process should be carried out from corner to opposite corner.
• Roller plaster is characterized by an organic filler of various sizes - when applied, channels are formed that are located in different directions. Decorative patterns are formed by applying the mortar to the wall with a wide spatula, and then rubbing it with arbitrary movements in a circular and horizontal motion. With roller plaster, the color is often added to the dry mixture, or painted after the solution has hardened.
• latex plastic so convincingly imitates the structure of polished stone, its gloss and shine that you can make a mistake in determining the surface texture even by touching it. The finished plaster resists cracking and repels water, making walls easier to clean. And colors that are similar in tone are ground in the solution, without over-stirring - then the structure of the stone is formed, imitating relief structures. Before applying the plaster, the walls are puttied and treated with a deep penetration primer.
• The wet silk relief convincingly imitates this precious fabric on the walls - mother-of-pearl particles in the dry mixture demonstrate the shimmer of silk and all its color possibilities. This plaster is produced in a few, but extremely spectacular colors - the coating is available in white and golden colors, has the color of ripe garnet and metallic silver and bronze shades. This coating is moisture resistant, which allows it to be washed and cleaned; therefore, this type of plaster is most often used for the kitchen.
• The sea breeze technique allows you to apply translucent colors with a slight pearlescent tint to the walls. This effect is achieved by the fact that the plaster contains fine-grained river sand - the play of colors in such plaster is achieved by randomly applying the solution, followed by thoroughly rubbing it on the wall. The main colors when using this technique are golden, white and garnet tones; among the metallic colors, bronze is used, but the most spectacular is the chameleon shade, which can change colors depending on the lighting. The use of plaster using the sea breeze technique is most often used in interior design.

The excellent technical qualities and wonderful color effect of decorative plaster have captivated many designers due to the richness of color and variety of texture. This type of coating stands out clearly among other materials for interior decoration, and its irresistible qualities are winning a larger number of admirers.

Plaster in the interior exhibits all its positive properties:

• it hides all the irregularities and defects of the wall surface;
• adheres well to all known building materials for walls and ceilings;
• has a high ability to absorb odors and pronounced resistance to sound and noise effects;
• has an original and unique design, and goes well with other decorative items;
• does not require special treatment of the walls, but is characterized by remarkable durability and strength;
• retains heat well, but creates an obstacle to the penetration of moisture and frost;
• good plasticity makes it possible to process surfaces of any complexity and give the coating any shape;
• By plastering the walls, an environmentally friendly, practical and durable coating is achieved that is resistant to mechanical stress.

The quality of a decorative coating directly depends on the condition of the tools used to produce it. All of them must be free of coating defects and free from cracks or nicks.

Types of applying decorative plaster differ in their own technique to give walls special expressiveness and new artistic properties.

To apply Venetian plaster, which requires a special multi-layer design, the work is carried out with spatulas made of stainless material of various sizes. The base of the plaster layer is applied with the widest spatula, and the gaps should not only remain, but also become an important component in the compositional design.

The initial layer is made wide and completely devoid of symmetry.

All layers that are applied to the base should cover the faded layer with a brighter color, and vice versa, try to press the bright layer more so that it becomes less expressive. To achieve color shifts, each layer can have its own shade that is similar in color. Each layer is dried, leveled and sanded; an ironing process is carried out to give a glossy surface. And, for additional shine, the finished layers of plaster are coated with varnish or special wax. The transparency of each layer gives the wall surface an effect of volume and depth.

Plastering decorative types of textures with a relief pattern is carried out somewhat differently - it does not require special processing and. It is enough just to remove old layers, wash and dry the walls. In the next step, the wall surface is treated with a primer, which has deep penetration properties and an antibacterial composition, which prevents the appearance of fungus and mold. Prime the wall covering a day before the start of plastering work and make sure that the primer layer is completely dry.

The plaster solution is applied to the wall surface with a wide spatula with a soft surface, then a relief is quickly made over the wet plaster. To obtain different textured surfaces, tools such as spatulas of various shapes, rollers, sponges and various stencils are used. The formation of relief is carried out immediately from one wall to another in order to achieve a uniform surface without visible seams.

Decorative plaster types and methods of application are carried out using special knowledge - in order to apply structural plaster with high quality, you need to remember that the main plastering tool is a trowel made of stainless steel. The layer of plaster should not be much larger than the size of the composite grains, and after application the layer of plaster is left to set for 2-3 minutes. After that, smooth the layer of plaster in a circular motion with a plastic trowel. In this way, a uniform distribution of the granules that are in the solution is ensured, and the excess mass is removed from the trowel with a smaller spatula. To ensure that the joints are not visible, they plaster and make a relief surface, working quickly from corner to other corner. If the coloring layer was not added to the dry mixture, then painting is carried out no earlier than 10-14 days after plastering.

Strength and resistance to various damages allows you to completely ignore the walls in the first year after the coating was applied. The plastered surface of the walls does not absorb dust and unpleasant odors, and also repels water, so the walls can be easily cleaned with any neutral detergents. The walls can be washed off dirt with a soft rag and sponge, but not with metal scrapers, hard brushes or pumice.

To ensure that the plaster of the walls pleases the eye for a long time, it is covered with wax and glaze agents, which increases the waterproofing of the walls, and for Venetian plaster it provides additional shine. The wax composition focuses attention on the depth of the relief, while simultaneously increasing their protection from dust, moisture and mechanical stress. Wax components are selected in a silver-white shade with a mother-of-pearl effect and with a yellowish translucent tint. The wax coating is applied in a double layer with a spatula, sponge or brush, and after drying, polished with a soft cloth. This coating will respond positively to cleaning with detergents, but chemical solvents cannot be used for it.

Glazing is a translucent coating that allows you to acquire additional volume and emphasize the contours of the plaster relief. It can have various metal surfaces that shimmer in the light, or it can simply have a white color, which emphasizes the texture of the plaster. The glazing agent is applied with a brush, sponge, or a special mitten to fully treat all the depressions of the relief. Thanks to such means, relief plaster will last longer and maintain the hardness of its surface.

If you need to remove coating from a wall, you can use various methods.

If you are tired of the color, you can simply repaint the coating. When another version of plaster is planned, the top layer is removed down to the concrete base. In the case when you want to replace the textured surface with a smooth one in order to paste wallpaper, it is simply puttied, removing all textured irregularities.

Decorative plaster completely changes the appearance of the room and has several types. The textured dry mixture contains mineral chips, mica and other inclusions, which, when applied at random, produce a stunning effect. Structural plaster looks like a granular mass that consists of various inclusions and produces a relief pattern after drying. Thinner Venetian plaster is applied in layers and sealed with sealants for protection and added shine. Almost smooth surfaces with shimmering colors are provided by modern plastering materials, and plastered surfaces need to be washed with simple detergents.

1192 10/09/2019 7 min.

According to European standards, plaster is a coating of any thickness that is made from mortar and reaches consumer qualities after hardening. For interior decoration, decorative plaster is used - a very popular material both among eminent builders and novice craftsmen.

Plaster has a lot of advantages, which is why it is in constant demand. Interior designers are developing more and more new types of this building material.

Positive traits

Today is one of the most modern methods of finishing walls and ceilings – and other materials. Lime flour is often taken as the main ingredient, to which other components are added:

• pebbles;
• granite chips;
• cotton fiber;
• flax fiber;
• vegetable fibers;
• straw;
• wood shavings;
• sand;
• ground brick;
• gypsum;
• mica.

Thanks to the constituent elements, a variety of shades and reliefs can be achieved. With a creative and professional approach, plaster can perfectly imitate the following surfaces:

• wood cut;
• watercolor painting;
• velvet surface;
• sandy wind;
• small pebbles;
• Orange peel;
• other effects.

So, the composition of this plaster allows you to get a different relief pattern, which will be an excellent choice regardless of the intended design. It gives creativity. This plaster is sometimes also called fibrous textile plaster.

Scope of use

Textured plaster can be used when finishing the following types of premises:

• Living spaces;
• offices;
• clubs and restaurants;
• other premises.

Sometimes it is produced in the form of a paste, ready for use. Guaranteed storage time is no more than six months. Can be used for up to ten years.

The connecting link is lime. Very common indoors. The plaster is vapor-permeable and can partially regulate humidity. Due to its high alkalinity, the lime surface does not become moldy or affected by fungus and bacteria.

The main disadvantage is toxicity: it can negatively affect the health of the worker who mixes it.. However, you just need to remember about safety precautions (using a special suit and mask) - then negative consequences can be avoided.

It is used in all types of premises.

Due to its porosity, this plaster plays a useful role: in rooms with poor air circulation and high humidity, the material absorbs excess moisture.

The use of this plaster allows you to save a little, since it forms a layer of thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire protection.

Composition: natural clay plus plant fibers (for example, straw or cellulose). Very useful when making design decisions. With its help you can create aesthetic and, in addition, natural surfaces. The texture of this finish can be rough, structured or simply smooth. Find out what is the difference between gypsum plaster and wall putty.

To obtain interesting creative results, the material is mixed with pearlescent and coloring pigments.

Produced on the basis of kaolin clay. This clay gives the mixture additional fire resistance and elasticity..

Gypsum-clay plaster combines the beneficial qualities of both components. When using it, the wall covering turns out to be quite heat-resistant. It is also important that the composition dries quickly.

Composition: acrylic resin plus other components. Finishing on artificial resin looks like mineral, but does not have natural components. He will tell you about acrylic putty for leveling wooden floors.

Instead, it contains aqueous (acrylic, polyvinyl acetate) dispersions and non-aqueous (epoxy, polyurethane).

Polymer plaster is reliable and durable. The coating made of acrylic material has excellent water-repellent qualities, is elastic, resistant to changes in temperature and humidity, and resistant to mold.

However, it has low vapor permeability and is not used with insulation materials containing mineral wool. Warranty period of use – 25 years. The release form is a ready-made mass.

A mixture of acrylic resin and stone grains (sand, quartz, marble). Apply using a metal trowel.

Various coating colors are obtained without the use of pigments, only thanks to the natural color of stone particles.

The base is silicone resin. The mass includes substances that allow this plaster to maintain excellent water-repellent qualities and resistance to dust and dirt. Moisture and dirt collect on the surface of the silicone finish and can be easily wiped off.

Other positive qualities are elasticity, vapor permeability, reliability, durability. All this makes this plaster an ideal product for exterior finishing (facade); it is widely used near roads where there is a high level of dust. Sometimes used for interior decoration.

This is the most expensive plaster. This fact significantly reduces its popularity. On the other hand, it is sold ready-made, so it is easy to use. It is used together with a silicone primer.

It contains potassium glass, liquid. This type of decorative finishing has several advantages:

• the most durable type (can be used for up to sixty years);
• perfectly repels water;
• resistant to dust and mold;
• has a high degree of fire safety;
• There is a wide selection of colors on the market.

However, despite many positive characteristics, silicate plaster has a significant drawback.

It has a very low level of environmental safety, so this material is used exclusively for outdoor use. Not recommended for interior work!

You should not try different patterns without special training, since plaster, although easy to use, behaves quite capriciously. It is better to read the instructions or invite an experienced technician to do the work.

It is worth noting that when choosing plaster, you need to take into account the properties of the base on which it is applied. For example, if the wall is made of aerated concrete (it has high porosity), then an indispensable condition for plaster is high vapor permeability.

Otherwise, accumulating moisture will eventually destroy both the coating itself and the wall. It is important to choose the right solution for plastering. Consult with experts.

Stages of work with textured plaster

Preparation

Before applying plaster, the walls must be prepared. The surface of the walls should be leveled and free of moisture.. He will tell you about decorative bricks for interior decoration.

Padding

It is necessary to prime the base and apply a layer of paint mixed in half with sand. The last step can be skipped if the plaster is adhesive.

Application

After the primer has dried, apply the plaster solution with a spatula. If necessary, a drawing is made. The relief depends only on the imagination of the master and the devices used. Find out about putty consumption per 1 m2 of wall.

Remember that you need to carry out the manipulations quickly, within 30-40 minutes, so that the solution does not have time to harden.

Sometimes it is necessary to apply several layers (if the wall has many defects or when it is necessary to form a deeper texture). The following tools are used to create relief:

• textured roller;
• special sprayer;
• putty knife;
• sometimes a stencil.

Coloring

This step is omitted if the solution of the desired color was first used or if it was additionally tinted. This choice will save time on arranging the wall. Do not forget to purchase paint that will protect the walls from damage in the future.

Alternatively, use construction wax. However, it is not easy for a non-professional to apply.

Conclusion

The types of plaster for interior decoration of residential premises are so diverse that you can easily choose what suits your taste, suits your wallet and creative needs.

Among other types of finishing materials, decorative plaster for interior wall decoration occupies a special place due to its characteristics and the aesthetic appearance that it gives to the surfaces being coated.

Decorative plaster for walls is similar in composition to regular plaster in that it has common components - sand, cement, lime, but, unlike it, it can contain various additional granules: various chips, wood fibers, pieces of mica, etc. Cement is usually used as a binding base; fillers are sold separately and added when applying the finishing layer of plaster. In addition, the structure of the plaster includes additives that improve its properties and provide antiseptic, adhesive, bactericidal and hydrophobic effects.

In addition to adding aesthetics to the wall surface, decorative plaster levels it, smoothing out depressions and other defects. You can purchase plaster either in finished form, in a paste form, or in dry form for dilution with water. Working with this decorative coating is not difficult; if you have the necessary skills, you can plaster the walls with your own hands without the help of specialists.

The popularity of this type of decorative finishing material is due to the advantages of plaster over other types of finishing:

• moisture resistance of the coating;
• resistance to humidity levels, temperature changes;
• no need to specially treat walls before decorative plastering;
• providing additional sound insulation and thermal insulation;
• strength and durability of the coating;
• the ability to realize any idea, a variety of textures and shades.

Types of decorative plaster for interior wall decoration

The material can be classified according to the type of binder and filler. In the first case, it is divided into the following types:

• acrylic (polymer);
• mineral;
• silicate;
• silicone.

Acrylic
Mineral
Silicate
Silicone

Taking into account the type of filler, the coating is divided into textured, structural (based on marble chips), Venetian and flock. They are distinguished by their decorative properties. Using textured and structural materials, you can create a relief on the surface, and using the Venetian and flock type - a smooth or glossy wall.

In addition to the above, there are specific types of this decorative coating:

• colored plaster - it is based on marble chips and acrylic. Waterproof, quite durable, available in fifteen shades;
• roller - consists of natural filler with a fraction of 1 to 2.5 mm, when applied it forms a texture with small depressions and channels;
• latex-plastic - forms a glossy surface with an imitation of smooth natural stone or marble, as well as relief textures. The material is resistant to moisture, it can be washed, and different colors can be added when applied;
• “wet silk” coating - a texture with mother-of-pearl particles that imitates a fabric surface;
• “sea breeze” coating - creates a translucent layer with a slight shimmer of mother-of-pearl, containing fine-grained sand.

Wet silk
Sea breeze
Roller room
Latex-plastic
Colored

Mineral

The composition of mineral plaster includes lime, mineral particles, clay of various colors, stone chips and cement as the main binder. Today, mineral decorative coating is the most common and is considered absolutely environmentally friendly. Despite the fact that the structure of mineral plaster contains lime, it is not afraid of moisture and wet cleaning; it also contains substances that do not allow lime to dissolve. It is suitable for application to all types of mineral substrates, including concrete, gypsum plasters, plasterboard, fiberboard and chipboard. The mineral mixture is usually used to cover walls that are subject to abrasion, have protrusions (corridor, staircase, entrance area), as well as the surface of the building’s basement. In the photo below you can see an example of covering the hall walls with mineral plaster.

Among the advantages of this type of coating are the following:

• high resistance to mechanical and atmospheric influences, temperature changes. Over time, the strength of the coating only increases;
• forms a “breathing” surface;
• fire safety;
• easy to maintain, wet cleaning possible.

However, the mineral coating is afraid of vibration. Under such conditions, over time it may become covered with cracks and crumble if the wall was poorly primed.

The mineral mixture is sold only in dry form and is prepared by diluting it with water at room temperature. Mineral plaster is divided into types based on the size of the granules and the composition of the filler.

Polymer

It is an elastic plaster, with a base of various binders (acrylic, epoxy resin, polyurethane). Types of polymer coating are divided into aqueous and non-aqueous. The first type includes acrylic, polyvinyl acetate, butane-styrene plasters, the second - epoxy and polyurethane. Due to their composition, it is enough to apply polymer coatings in the thinnest layer; they are suitable for concrete surfaces, cement-sand surfaces, and plasterboard. The polymer solution is usually sold ready-made, applied in a continuous line with a thickness that depends on the size of the granules.

The advantages of this type are:

• plastic;
• vapor permeability;
• strength, resistance to various influences;
• hydrophobicity;
• environmental friendliness of the material;
• good sound insulation;
• a wide range of colors and textures;
• ease of application, which can be done with your own hands without the help of professionals.

Silicone

Silicone plasters are durable; their only drawback is their high price. Silicone decorating solution consists of silicone resins, various fillers (fabric fibers, mineral granules), special additives (antifungal, bactericidal), as well as pigment of various shades. This material is a type of polymer plaster and has the following advantages:

• creates a protective coating on the surface from moisture and damage;
• easy to maintain, dirt can be easily removed from the coating;
• the color of the outer layer remains unchanged for a long time;
• protects walls from fungus and mold.

Like any other type of polymer plaster, silicone is applied to a wall that has been pre-treated with a special primer, which is produced by the same manufacturer as the plaster. You should use only the type of primer that is indicated on the packaging of the silicone coating by the manufacturer; if you use any other, the decorative coating will not lie on the base as desired. There is no need to dilute silicone plaster with water, since it is sold ready-made.

Structural

The material, made on an acrylic or silicate base, has a thin-layer structure. To create a decorative effect, it contains quartz or marble chips. Only a mixture of white color is available; pigments are purchased separately to tint the material with your own hands at your discretion. In appearance, structural plaster looks like a granular, heterogeneous mass, therefore it is often used to create patterns. Structural mixtures are divided into types according to small, medium and large fractions of stone chips. The photo shows coarse-grained structural plaster, which creates a noticeable decorative relief.

The structural mixture has good adhesion to most mineral surfaces and can be applied to plasterboard and chipboard. Water-based structural plaster is used to finish internal surfaces. The whole process of applying the material with your own hands is quite easy, since the mixture has high plasticity and is sold in a ready-to-use form.

Textured

This type of plaster is less uniform than structural plaster. It is based on lime flour, granite, marble chips, synthetic fibers, wood, mica, and a polymer base can also be used. Textured finishing is well suited for covering different surfaces - wooden walls, brick, plastered, concrete. The advantages of this type of coating are:

• the ability to imitate various types of textures: stone, leather, paper, concrete surface, wood, due to which textured plaster has gained popularity among many users and designers;
• thanks to its structure with special particles, it masks noticeable defects and unevenness of the walls;
• practically does not require special preparation of the surface before application, it is enough just to cover the walls with an adhesive solution;
• breathability, high strength and durability of the plastered coating;
• convenience of the material: sold both dry and ready-made in various packaging; the solution can be tinted during or after application;
• affordable price;
• Design decoration with textured mortar can be easily created with your own hands; it does not require special skills or knowledge.

Textured plaster is divided into types:

• “lamb” coating - has a uniform granular structure and roughness;
• “fur coat” coating - the main component is cement, the surface is rough in the form of small fibers;
• “bark beetle” coating - a fine-grained stone filler creates grooves on the surface that imitate wood eaten away by insects.

Lamb
Bark beetle
Fur coat

Venetian

It is a multi-layer coating; Venetian plaster contains marble chips and slaked lime. This is a smooth type of plaster coating that looks like marble or onyx. This is an expensive material that requires special skills when working with it; moreover, it is characterized by a long drying process. Apply several layers (up to eight layers) with a rubber spatula, each of them must dry well. Often this type of material is used to decorate the interior of premises in a classic or antique style. Venetian plaster can be polished to a glossy surface, and can also be tinted in various shades. Before applying the Venetian mixture, you must first prepare the walls, otherwise the decorative coating may crack. Finishing with this method of plastering will help to obtain the effect of visually enlarging the space due to the refraction of light from the walls.

Flock

This coating consists of natural cellulose, silk fibers, mineral filler and pigments. This type of plaster is expensive, but creates a highly artistic effect, additionally soundproofing the room. The coating is breathable and practical. The complex application technique includes three stages: applying an adhesive base to the walls, flocking and varnishing the surface, resulting in an original, aesthetic coating. The labor-intensive process requires the use of professional skills and knowledge, so flocking with your own hands will be quite difficult.

The environmental friendliness and durability of the material have contributed to the spread of its use in the decoration of various premises - the walls of apartments, children's rooms, public institutions, bathrooms, kitchens. The varnished outer layer is not subject to abrasion, burning, moisture penetration, and if necessary, the coating can be easily repaired. The photo below clearly shows the aesthetics of this decorative coating.

Based on marble chips

Finishing with the addition of marble or granite chips creates a very strong and durable coating. The appearance of this finish depends on the size of the chips. To give the coating a golden glow, quartz sand is added to the solution. A coating based on marble chips is indispensable in those places that are most subject to abrasion and mechanical stress, for example, in hallways, or in apartments with active pets. The finished surface with marble chips can be tinted in various shades.

Before applying the marble coating, it is necessary to prime the walls very well, otherwise they will show through. Marble plaster fits well on almost any surface. This material is similar to Venetian plaster and other common types in that the base uses a synthetic binder. Application should be carried out in continuous stripes to avoid the appearance of unevenness after the plaster layer has completely dried.

Creating a relief with your own hands

Decorative plaster must be applied to the prepared wall surface. At the same time, the old coating is removed, the walls are cleaned down to the concrete or brick base, and debris is removed with a construction vacuum cleaner or an ordinary damp cloth. Places where plaster may accidentally fall during the process are sealed with masking tape or covered with film. Further, if there are cracks, they are repaired, and the wall is primed in several layers.

If you need to treat a small area, it is recommended to use ready-made plaster mixtures, and if you are processing a large area, it is more economical to use dry mixtures, diluting them with water in accordance with the instructions.

When applying the material, it should be taken into account that a light shade of plaster is the basis for a darker one. The solution is applied with a rubber or metal spatula; flock plaster can be applied using a spray gun. Next, the relief is applied with your own hands. In this case, you can use various tools: special patterned rollers, plastic film, draw with your own hands, use ready-made stencils for squeezing out a design. After this, a thinner and darker second layer is applied so that the design can be seen from under it. 30 minutes after this, a polyurethane sealant is applied to consolidate the result and give the coating strength.

Drawings and panels

Drawing on the plaster will create a unique and original design. The photos below prove that a panel, made with your own hands or with the help of professionals, will serve as a decoration for any, even the most modest, interior. The best place to apply the design is to use a free wall, a protruding wall, or a wall in a niche. The panel should be in harmony with the rest of the decoration of the room. All walls in the room should be decorated with panels only if it is a children's room. Photos and videos will help you understand all the intricacies of applying a picture or panel.

The simplest technique is to apply a three-dimensional stencil panel. To do this, you need to cut out a design on a sheet of hardboard, plywood or plasterboard, which is then fixed to a leveled and dry wall using aerosol glue. The plaster is applied along the contour of the stencil; the more mortar is applied, the more voluminous the pattern will be. After the pattern has dried, a roller with tinting paint is rolled over it.

Another method is painting on structural plaster, in which textures are created on the panel using sharpened wooden sticks, sponges, and brushes using a cardboard template. The third, more complex method is stucco panels, that is, three-dimensional drawings covering the entire wall or entire paintings. This technique usually requires the participation of professionals.

Methods of finishing with plaster

Creating a decorative effect on the wall begins after all the preparatory work is completed. There are the following methods for finishing with plaster yourself:

• Venetian plaster is used to create the effect of polished marble on the wall. It is applied with a rubber spatula in several thin layers. Each of the layers is applied with tangential movements and different spatulas, thanks to which the layers are applied in different directions, and the light reflected in them creates a glowing effect. The finishing layer is secured with matte varnish or wax;
• to create a simple relief pattern, the plaster is applied in one layer with a spatula and left to dry, or lightly smoothed with a trowel;
• with a notched or comb spatula you can create uniform patterns and regular shapes (semicircle, checkerboard);
• An ordinary plastic film will help to create a chaotic pattern: to do this, you need to lean it, unfolded or folded, against the surface of the wet plaster, then remove it, and, if necessary, smooth out the relief. An example of such a technique is shown in the photo;
• Using special textured mixtures, you can create various surfaces - such as “bark beetle”, “rain”, “rock”. In this case, a spatula is used;
• A fairly simple finishing method is to use nozzles for rubber rollers with a ready-made convex pattern applied to them. This can be a floral ornament, geometric shapes, and much more.

How to create a pattern on plaster

Rules of care

Despite the fact that decorative plaster is a fairly durable and resistant coating, you should adhere to some rules for caring for it. The first year after application it does not require special care; it is enough to carry out wet cleaning with or without regular detergent.

In order to create an additional water-repellent and protective coating, the plaster can be coated with special wax. After several years of operation, this method will help renew the outer layer of the coating. After application, the wax layer is polished with a rag; further care should not include the use of solvents - only plain water or soap solution.

Glazing is another maintenance option; it adds shine and emphasizes the relief of the coating. Apply the special product with a mitten; you can use a sponge or brush. If the coating has lost its appearance over time, or needs to be renewed, you can repaint it, remove it to the base and apply a new layer, or level it with putty over the coating.

Video

How to create a pattern on decorative plaster using special rollers.

Photo with decorative plaster in the interior

What do surfaces decorated using decorative plaster look like?

Decorative plaster for walls is a finishing coating that creates a complete and unique interior. Thanks to the wide range, you can achieve different effects.

Decorative plaster for interior wall decoration

Decorative plaster occupies a special place in the decoration of apartments, houses and public buildings. This is due to the advantages of the materials, ease of application and wide range. What are the advantages? How to apply correctly and what types are there?

When is decorative plaster used for interior wall decoration in an apartment?

The composition acts as a finishing coating for walls in apartments and houses. It has gained wide popularity due to its qualities, characteristics and range.

Types of decorative plaster for interior wall decoration in a room: what the samples look like

Varieties:

1. Textured.
2. Embossed.
3. Artistic color.

By connecting elements:

1. Mineral - cement based.
2. Acrylic – based on acrylic resins. Sold ready-made.
3. Silicate - potassium liquid glass base. Available in ready-made form, you just need to mix the mixture well.
4. Silicone – silicone resins in the base.

Textured

Textured or figured putty is a composition for finishing surfaces. With its help it is easy to create an original design, relief or ornament. Has a different structure:

1. Bark beetle
2. Rocky.
3. Rainy.
4. Stone.
5. With silk effect.
6. Marble chips.

Not all types of such material can be installed independently. It is not difficult to achieve rocky, rain and stone imitation on your own.

Textured putty has the following advantages:

• durable;
• aesthetic appearance;
• easy care;
• wide range of choice.

The disadvantage of the material is its high cost.

You can buy putty ready-made, or you can make it yourself. To do this you will need:

• construction mixer;
• dry plaster;
• container for cooking.

The dry mixture is mixed with water with a construction mixer until it becomes thick sour cream. Use within forty minutes after preparation.

Embossed

Relief putty differs in composition and is made on the basis of cement or gypsum. It is thanks to these components that various ornaments are created that do not deform during use. Sold as a dry mixture.

It must be applied to the prepared surface using metal or wooden floats, sponges, rollers or spatulas.

Artistic color

Artistic colored plaster is one of the most popular materials. With its help, you can implement a lot of original ideas and create a unique design.

Advantages:

• resistant to water;
• not susceptible to ultraviolet radiation;
• frost resistance;
• durability;
• made from environmentally friendly and safe materials;
• a wide range of.

You need to work with such material carefully and in a clear sequence.

Venetian smooth

Venetian plaster is one of the most spectacular and expensive types. The material is a translucent thick mixture. Available ready for use. This plaster can be tinted in different colors, and if you apply several tones, you will get it. The depth of color depends on the number of layers.

Venetian plaster is coated with special wax and achieves a glossy effect. The coating looks original and luxurious.

The material comes in two types: embossed, consisting of granules up to two millimeters, smooth, when applied it gives the surface a smooth appearance.

Smooth Venetian plaster can be:

• glossy;
• semi-matte;
• matte.

Advantages of the material:

1. High strength.
2. Resistant to temperature changes.
3. Waterproof.
4. Durable.
5. Made from safe and environmentally friendly substances.

Despite its resistance to mechanical stress and temperature changes, Venetian is not recommended for outdoor use. Constant freezing, precipitation and other natural conditions will lead to destruction of the material within a short period of time. Also, the cost of the material for finishing a large area is appropriate.

Some manufacturers produce Venetian plaster for outdoor use. But you should take into account all the nuances and buy quality products.

Pros and cons of decorative putty: which is better

Putty has gained popularity and widespread use not only due to its range, but also due to a lot of advantages:

1. The material is easy to install. The difficulty when working lies only in the high-quality preparation of the surface on which it will be applied. The wall must be smooth, without flaws or defects, primed and dried so that the plaster adheres well.
2. With a properly prepared surface, the putty will retain and not allow heat to pass through.
3. Gives an aesthetic appearance to the room.
4. Wide range of textures and designs.
5. Durability.
6. It does not require special care.

The disadvantages include the high cost, but this justifies a lot of advantages. The material is difficult to remove the next time the interior is renovated, and if applied incorrectly, its integrity and service life are compromised.

What are the technologies for do-it-yourself plastering?

Plastering surfaces can be done in two main ways:

1. Without beacons, using building regulations. This method is suitable for smooth walls that do not have large or deep defects.
2. By lighthouses. The process is more labor-intensive, but unevenness and flaws can be eliminated.

It is important to familiarize yourself with the quality of the plaster:

1. Simple - a deviation of three millimeters vertically per square meter is allowed. The deviation in height should not be more than one and a half centimeters. There may be slight unevenness on the surface.
2. Improved plastering - vertical deviation up to two millimeters, but not more than a centimeter over the entire area.
3. High-quality plaster – the work requirements are much higher and more precise. Slopes up to one millimeter.

The method without beacons is easier. The plaster is diluted according to the instructions and applied to the surface with a spatula or roller.

Installation by beacons:

1. Surface marking. The building code measures the wall and notes severe distortions.
2. The distance between the beacons is about half a meter.
3. Self-tapping screws and dowels are attached to the lower and upper edges. It is necessary to make a small indentation from the floor and ceiling to make it easier to install the baseboards later.
4. Metal profiles are placed according to the marks - beacons on the plaster and the deviation is checked by the rule.
5. The prepared composition is first simply thrown onto the wall for adhesion and leveled with zigzag movements.
6. If bubbles and other defects appear in areas, the solution is removed and a new one is applied.
7. On slopes it is better to apply the material overlapping.
8. Before complete pouring out, grouting is carried out.

How to properly apply decorative plasters on walls for a beginner

Recommendations on how to properly apply decorative plaster:

1. Before applying plaster, the surface must be cleaned of the previous coating.
2. The walls need to be primed. If the renovation is taking place in a new house, then you can cover it with lime mortar.
3. start from the corners. It is better to practice on a small area, since the material does not always lie smoothly on the first stroke.
4. Venetian can be applied using a sprayer with a large nozzle.
5. It is worth considering that the thicker the layer, the rougher the texture.
6. When the composition is evenly applied to the wall, you can create artistic images and ornaments.
7. Working with a spatula, it must be periodically cleaned of the solution.

What surfaces can it be applied to?

The composition is applied to any surface. The main rule: it must be clean and even.

Do I need to pre-level the walls?

It is necessary to level the surface. Decorative plaster exposes all defects, especially glossy plaster.

How to finish with textured putties

Rules for applying textured putty:

1. Surface preparation. Removing the old coating and applying an antifungal solution. This is used for rooms with high humidity levels.
2. Padding.
3. When the composition has dried, sand the wall.
4. Using a spatula, sponge or roller, apply textured plaster.

How to cover with smooth putty

Venetian smooth plaster is applied in a thin layer to the prepared surface. The peculiarity is that anyone can become a finisher and therefore the wall must be perfectly flat.

Most often, the work is done using the brushstroke technique, just like an artist paints a picture. Just use a smooth steel trowel. This method is suitable for multi-layer coating. Apply as many strokes as needed for the desired effect.

For single-layer coatings, foam or textured rollers are suitable; you can also use a spatula.

Artistic color finishing

This material has several directions:

1. Classic. Natural materials are imitated on the surface: stone, wood, granite, marble and others.
2. High tech. The predominance of metallic, gray and white colors. Straight lines and clear boundaries.
3. Country. Nature theme - leaves, trees, ponds, etc. are depicted.
4. Fusion. Incompatible materials may be adjacent to each other, for example, Venetian and metal next to tiles.

The composition is applied to the prepared surface using a trowel using smooth movements. After each application, the instrument is washed.

Artistic plaster, when simulating certain materials, requires special skills. Before starting work, you can practice on a small area of ​​the surface.

Examples of decorative coatings in the interior: successful finishing design

It is better to use this finish in the living room, kitchen or bedroom. Avoid bathrooms, where there is high humidity. Despite the quality of the plaster, this affects the performance properties.

Panels made of decorative plaster look presentable in the interior. It is better to install it on the central wall to properly focus attention.

A Venetian is suitable for the bedroom; with its help you can create unique paintings. Choose nude shades; they promote relaxation and add tenderness to the interior.

For this, choose textures with maximum water-repellent properties: silicate or silicone plaster.

An excellent option for the kitchen is decorating the dining area or work area with a decorative composition. Because it is easy to clean and looks original.

How to renew and care for the surface

The surface exposed with decorative plaster does not require careful maintenance: you need to wash it in time and remove dirt and dust.

If you need to update it a little, you can repaint it. When changing the full coating, remove it to the base and replace it, or putty on top and apply new material.

By choosing decorative plaster for wall decoration, you can create absolutely... Following the tips and recommendations, the work will go quickly.

Useful video