Indefinite Pronouns indicate unknown objects, signs, quantity.

	derivatives of indefinite pronouns			use
	-thing	-body	-one
indefinite pronoun some some, some, several	something[ˈsʌmθiŋ] something, anything	somebody[ˈsʌmbɒdi], someone[ˈsʌmwʌn] someone, anyone		1. B affirmative sentences. 2. In incentive offers. 3. In special matters.
indefinite pronoun any[ˈeni] some, several, any	anything[ˈeniθiŋ] something	anybody[ˈeniˌbɒdi], anyone[ˈeniwʌn] somebody		1. In interrogative sentences. 2. In conditional sentences.
	anything	anyone, anyone		3. In affirmative sentences.
	nothing	nobody		4. B negative sentences(at negative form verb).
indefinite pronoun one any				1. In sentences that correspond to Russian indefinite personal sentences to denote an indefinite person. 2. To avoid repetition of a previously mentioned noun.

Indefinite pronoun some

1. English pronoun some has no categories of gender, number and case. It is used as a definition before a noun or independently. It is most often not translated into Russian and English language often, but not always, used in affirmative sentences.

Examples: There are some letters on the shelf. – There are several letters on the shelf (affirmative sentence).
Pass me some bread, please. – Pass me the bread, please (incentive offer).
Who has got some colored pencils? – Who has colored pencils? (special question)

2. Pronoun some often used in questions for which the answer “yes” is expected. Some also used in questions when the request or suggestion contained in them prompts the listener to answer positively - “yes”.

Examples: Could I have some more coffee, please? – Yes, of course. – Can I have some more coffee, please? Yes please.

3. Pronoun some often used to create contrast.

Examples:Some museums are worth visiting, but others aren’t. Some museums are worth visiting, but others are not.

Indefinite pronoun any

1. English pronoun any has no categories of gender, number and case. It is used as a definition before a noun or independently. In English it is most often used in negative sentences, but not always.

Examples: There is not any chalk in this box. – There is (not) chalk in this box (negative sentence).
Have you got any writing paper? – Do you have any paper for notes? (interrogative sentence)
If you need any information, tell me. – If you need any information, tell me (conditional sentence)
I can come and see you any day next week. “I can come and see you any day next week.”

2. Pronoun any used after words with a negative meaning, for example without– without, if not, never- never, rarely- infrequently, rarely- rarely, hardly– barely, almost not, etc.

Examples: I found a taxi without any trouble. – I found a taxi without (any) problems.

Indefinite pronoun one

1. Pronoun one has the categories of case and number and acts as a definition in a sentence. The possessive case form is formed like a noun. Form plural is formed.

Examples:One must always be in time for classes. – You need to come to class on time. (the sentence corresponds to the Russian indefinite-personal sentence to denote an indefinite person)
My new house is much bigger than my old one. - My new house much more than the old one (to avoid repeating the previously mentioned noun).

Examples: Which picture do you prefer, this one or that one? – Which painting do you prefer, this one or that one?
I like these shoes more than those. – I like these shoes better than those.
I like these shoes more than those white ones. – I like these shoes more than those white ones (before the pronoun ones worth adjective white).

4. Pronoun one can be used in questions Which one(s)..? and after each.

Examples:Which one is correct? - Which one is correct? (for example about the answer)
Each one did his part. “Everyone did what they were supposed to do.”

5. Pronoun one(s) used only instead of countable nouns. WITH uncountable nouns(glass - glass, water - water, sand - sand, etc.) the noun is either repeated, or it can often be omitted.

Examples: There is some brown sugar in the cupboard, but there isn’t any white ( sugar). – There is brown sugar in the cupboard, but no white (sugar).

Derivations from the pronouns some and any - something, anything, somebody, anybody, anyone, someone, etc.

1. Derivative indefinite pronouns are formed by adding to some And any -thing, -body, -one and do not have categories of gender and number. Difference between something/somebody And anything/anybody etc. similar to the difference between some And any.

2. Derivative indefinite pronouns something/somebody/someone are used most often in affirmative sentences, and anything/anybody/anyone used in negative sentences and questions.

Examples: It may be something you need, something you want or something you desire. – It could be something you need, something you want or something you dream about.
Somebody has written in my book. – Someone wrote in my book.
There isn't anybody watching the TV at the moment. - IN this moment no one watches TV.
Have you got anything to say? Do you have anything to say?

But note that very often in English something/somebody etc. are used in questions when we expect or want to receive the answer “yes” (when expressing proposals and requests).

Examples: Can I get you something to drink? – Can I offer you something to drink?
Would you like someone to help you? – Would you like someone to help you?

3. If derivatives from a pronoun some And any act as the subject, the verb is used singular.

Examples:Something is wrong with you. - Something is wrong with you.
Anything is possible! - Everything is possible!

4. Pronouns ending in –body or –one, For example, somebody/someone, anybody/anyone have a case category– general and possessive. The possessive case form is formed by analogy with a noun.

Examples: There was someone's bag in the hall. “Someone’s bag was hanging in the hallway.

The pronouns something, something, anything, anything, something, someone, some-who, anyone, someone are close in meaning, but differ in semantic and stylistic shades. The pronoun something (someone) indicates the unknown for both the speaker and the listener. For example: Someone is calling on the phone. Something is not noted in this document.

The pronoun something (someone) indicates something unknown to the listener, but to some extent known to the speaker. For example: I will say something on this issue. The difference between the pronouns something and something (someone and anyone) is that the particle - that gives the meaning “it is unknown what or who”, and the particle - something gives the meaning “it doesn’t matter what or who”. For example: He knows something important. Tell us something about yourself. Indefinite pronouns with the particle -something can be used with a predicate verb in the form of the future tense, imperative or subjunctive mood, as well as in interrogative sentences.

For example: We will definitely see something interesting.

If anyone is looking for me, let me know. Do you expect anything from me? Pronouns with the particle -has more general meaning compared to pronouns with the particle -something. For example: Ask someone (one of the unknowns) - ask someone (any of the unknowns).

Spelling of pronouns

Having examined in this work cases of correct and erroneous use of pronouns in speech, we will dwell on their spelling. Summarizing the material given in various manuals and textbooks on the Russian language, among the basic rules we highlight the following:

When declension of the pronouns whose, whose the soft sign is written:

Name whose portrait, whose book

R.p. whose portrait, whose book

D.p. whose portrait, whose book, etc.

Pronouns with the prefix some- and particles -, - either, - are written with a hyphen.

In negative pronouns, the particle not is written under stress, and without stress - nor. For example: no one to ask, no one to ask.

In negative pronouns, neither and nor are prefixes and are written together. When there is a preposition, not and neither are particles and are written separately. For example: There is no one to ask; can't be compared to anything.

Indefinite pronouns are formed by attaching to interrogative pronouns the prefixes some- (someone, something, some) and not- (someone, something, several), postfixes -or (anyone, any, whose ), -to (someone, some, someone's) and -something (anyone, some, whose).

The pronouns some, some, some are used when the speaker needs to name an object/attribute of an object that he does not want to call by a specific name (Who was it? - Yes, some. I bought you something , but this is still a secret).

The pronouns someone, something, some, someone, something, some are used when the speaker needs to name an object/attribute of an object that he cannot (does not know how) to call with a specific name (A certain/some gentleman came . This is something / something that is difficult to give a name. There was someone / someone with a mustache sitting in the room). Prefixed pronouns not more often are used in book speech, and pronouns with a postfix are generally used.

The numeral pronoun several refers to an indefinite (but small) number of objects (There were several people in the room. I bought several books on mathematics).

The pronouns anyone, anything, any, whose, as well as anyone, anything, some, someone's, any are used when the speaker needs to name anyone (no matter what ) object/attribute/quantity (Do any of you know this rule? Give me some/any book. Give me some money). Pronouns with a postfix are used less often in speech than pronouns with a postfix -something.

Indefinite pronouns have the same grammatical features as the interrogative pronouns from which they are formed, but we must pay attention to the fact that the pronoun someone does not change by case (it is used only in the nominative case), and something is used only in the nominative and accusative case without preposition (Something unexpected happened; I saw something interesting).

The numeral pronoun is somewhat similar in its morphological characteristics to the cardinal numeral. It has no gender or number and changes only by case. Like numerals, in the form of the nominative and accusative cases it controls the noun (There are several tables in the room), and in other cases it agrees with the noun (There were errors in several tasks). Other numeral pronouns behave the same way: demonstrative as much and interrogative-relative as.

Noun pronouns in a sentence can function as the subject (Someone came in), the predicate noun (It was something) and objects (Ask someone). It should be remembered that the pronoun someone can only be the subject and nominal part of the predicate, since it has no other case forms except the nominative case. Often an indefinite pronoun-noun is not itself a member of a sentence, since it is part of a syntactically related phrase (It was one of you. He brought something interesting).

The main syntactic function of the adjective pronouns some, some, any, some, someone's, someone's is the function of an agreed definition (Let's get off at some stop)

Numeral pronouns several, some, some are part of a syntactically related phrase (Let's solve several examples) or are consistent definitions (There were errors in several tasks).

Negative pronouns

Relative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns (who, what, which, which, whose, how many) are used in interrogative sentences: Who brought the book? What time is it now? Whose child is this? How many mistakes have you made?

Pronouns Who And What have a case category, but do not change in gender and number: Who's come? The boy has arrived. the girl came. The children have arrived.

Word How many, like numerals, in the nominative and accusative cases govern a noun, which is placed in the genitive plural form. In indirect cases this word agrees with the noun (how many people, how many people, how many people).

Other interrogative pronouns are grammatically the same as adjectives.

Relative pronouns (who, what, which, whose, which, how many) are used in complex sentences as allied words to connect the main and subordinate parts. In the subordinate clause they can play the role of any member of the sentence:

I'm that one, to whom listened

You're in the midnight silence

Whose a thought whispered to your soul,

Chew you vaguely guessed sadness.

Whose I saw the image in a dream.

I'm that one, whose the look destroys hope;

I'm that one, whom nobody likes.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

In the literature of the 19th century. there are forms of the archaic relative pronoun koi: Those who, having loved the truth, read in the dark depths of their hearts, of course know about themselves(A.S. Pushkin). In combination like him (with them) the first word is an ancient relative pronoun in the form male, literally which(s): What do I care about those merchants? I mean Judas Petunnikov and others like him(i.e. those who are with him) - (M. Gorky).

Negative pronounsno one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing indicate the negation of an object or attribute. They are formed from the corresponding interrogative-relative pronouns using particles Not And neither and retain the features of their declension. Pronouns no one, nothing do not have a nominative case form.

Indefinite pronouns someone, something, some, some, several, some, some, some, someone, something, some, whose, anyone, something, any, someone's, someone's, something's, somebody's, somebody's express the meaning of uncertainty, i.e. indicate uncertain objects, characteristics and quantities. They are formed from interrogative-relative pronouns using the particle Not and particles some and derivational postfixes -this, -either, -something. Indefinite pronouns generally retain the grammatical features, including declension, of the pronouns from which they are derived. However, the word someone has only nominative case forms, and something- nominative and accusative. In indirect cases pronouns some Variant forms are used ( no one, no one; some, some; no one, no one; some, some, some, about some).

Pronouns something, anything, anything, something, something can be used as synonyms, but there are some semantic and stylistic differences between them. Yes, pronoun something denotes the unknown for both the speaker and the listener: We even told each other that we are great friends, but something interfered with our friendship(I. Bunin); something indicates something known to some extent to the speaker, but unknown to the listener: - Come and look! I have one for you something (L. Andreev); anything has the meaning "it doesn't matter what; whatever": And he waited patiently until he anything will be taken out(L. Andreev) ; pronoun anything close in meaning to the pronoun anything, but has a more general meaning: - It’s difficult for him now anything count(V. Kaverin). Pronoun something(“a certain object, phenomenon, something”) is usually used in book styles and, as a rule, has a definition: Something the gray one darted away from me(I. Turgenev).

Similar differences are typical for pronouns. somebody, somebody, somebody, somebody, somebody and etc.

IN colloquial speech sometimes the pronoun can act as an indefinite pronoun what (who). For example: - And for Tryapichkin, for sure, if Who if it gets on your teeth, beware(N.V. Gogol). Wed: anyone, anyone.

Indefinite pronouns (someone, something, some, several, some, someone, anyone, anyone, some, some, any, some, whose, whose , someone's, etc.) indicate indefinite objects, signs, quantity: Someone was playing the violin... the girl sang in a soft contralto, laughter was heard (M. Gorky); He was ready to go to the ends of the world to do something (M. Gorky); And from the darkness of the branches something terrible, dark, cold looked at those walking (M. Gorky); It became scary, as if in this silence some danger was silently lurking for him (V. Kataev); For some time he sat motionless, listening with one ear to the noises and rustles of the night (V. Kataev). Someone, something, something, some, some are indefinite pronouns.
Indefinite pronouns are formed by attaching to interrogative and relative pronouns the prefixes some- (something, some, etc.) and non- (someone, something, several, etc.), which is always under stress, as well as the suffixes -that , -either, -someone (someone, anyone, anyone, etc.).
Indefinite pronouns vary according to the type of pronouns from which they are formed. The pronouns someone, something, anyone, somebody, some, someone's, etc. change like interrogative and relative pronouns, while the endings of pronouns with the suffixes - that, - or, - sometimes in indirect cases words appear inside before the suffix: someone, someone, someone, someone, about someone; some, some. to some, somehow, about some; someone's, someone's, someone's, someone's, about someone's.
In indefinite pronouns with a prefix, some prepositions in indirect cases appear after this prefix: some with someone, some about something, some with someone, behind something, etc.
The pronoun someone has only one form of the nominative case: Once upon a time there lived a certain man without roots... (I. Krylov). The pronoun something has two forms - nominative and accusative: Something unexpected happened (i.p.). I saw something unexpected (v.p.).
The pronoun "some" is obsolete, in modern language used rarely and, as a rule, only in the nominative case: A certain rich man, Mr. Kovalevsky, decided at his own risk and fear to build a water supply system for the city (V. Kataev).
The pronoun changes somewhat, like the pronoun how many (see table on p. 95). In the nominative and accusative cases, it requires the placement after itself of nouns in the form of the genitive case, plural: Several more anxious days have passed (V. Kataev); The boy was surprised that a policeman and several civilians (V. Kataev) were standing at the gangway.
In a sentence, indefinite pronouns are subjects: Someone came to your house (A. Griboyedov)
(committed (who?) - someone); additions: I wanted to tell you about this for a long time, but, I don’t remember, I was entertained by something
(N. Gogol) (entertained (with what?) - with something); definitions: My soul here is somehow compressed by grief (A. Griboyedov) (grief
(to a k and m?) - somehow).

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1. 35. semantic and stylistic features of reflexive and possessive, defining, indefinite pronouns. Mistakes made when using pronouns.