It is difficult to imagine how people communicated when the means of communication was not language, but, for example, gestures or facial expressions. Surely, without language today we would not be able to convey all our emotions, experiences and thoughts so figuratively and vividly, embodying them in songs, poems or prose.
1:1002 1:1007Our language is both modest and rich.
Every word contains a wonderful treasure.
Say the word “high” -
And you can immediately imagine the blue sky.
You say: “All around is white and white” -
And you will see a winter village,
White snow hangs from white roofs,
No rivers can be seen under the white snow.
Let me remember the adverb “light” -
And you will see: the sun has risen
If you say the word “dark”,
The evening will immediately look out the window.
If you say “fragrant”, you
You will immediately remember lily of the valley flowers.
Well, if you say “beautiful”,
All of Russia is in front of you at once!
The earth is inhabited by various living creatures: from the smallest bacteria to such giants as elephants and whales. But only man has the gift of speech. And no matter how we define this gift - sacred, divine, majestic, magnificent, priceless, immortal, wonderful - we will not reflect in its entirety its enormous significance.
1:825 1:832
The spiritual treasure of any nation is language
2:1432From the first days of his life, a person hears the speech of people close to him - mom, dad, grandmother and, as it were, absorbs the intonations of their voices. Even without knowing the words, the child recognizes people close and dear to him by the sounds of voices. Gradually, the baby begins to master speech and learn about the world around him. And by the age of seven, as scientists have calculated, a child remembers more words than in the rest of his life.
2:2155From birth, it is necessary to instill this heritage - the native language - into the child’s soul. It’s not for nothing that people say that you can do without science in life, but not without your native language. And that's exactly how it is.
2:341 2:346When you want to say a word,
My friend, think, don’t rush:
It can sometimes be leaden,
It was born from the warmth of the soul.
It will rob, or give,
Let it be inadvertently, let it be lovingly,
Think about how not to hit
The one who listens to you.
In the whole world there are from 3 to 5 thousand different languages. Among them are the so-called world languages - Russian, English, French, German, Spanish. There are state or official languages - Polish in Poland, Mongolian in Mongolia, Swedish in Sweden and many others. And most languages do not have any official “position” - they are simply spoken... one by 10 people, another by 100, a third by 1000, and a fourth by 10,000...
2:1550International Mother Language Day is primarily aimed at protecting endangered languages. And this task is important, because nowadays two languages disappear every month in the world....
2:315 2:320The history of the native language holiday
2:418
Like any celebration, this international day has its own historical background. In 1952, in Pakistan, students from the University of Dhaka took part in a demonstration against the Urdu language. The majority spoke the Bengali dialect, so it was this language that the protesters demanded to recognize as the state language. However, they not only did not listen to them, but also began to shoot. As a result, four student activists were killed. Following the deaths of these and other people in Pakistan, as well as a series of unrest and liberation movements, Bengali was declared the official language of the country. The struggle for the right to use the manner of communication familiar from childhood was crowned with success.
3:2141 3:4Subsequently, at the initiative of the country of Bangladesh (recognized as an independent state in 1971), the UNESCO organization proclaimed the date February 21 as International Mother Language Day, which has been celebrated annually throughout the world for 14 years.
3:434 3:439Mother Language Day in Russia
3:501
On International Mother Language Day, all languages are recognized as equal, since each of them is unique. In Russia, the state language is one - Russian. In our country, love for our native language can be compared to a feeling of true patriotism that permeates everything and each of us. Especially when we are talking about primordially Slavic values, to which we can confidently include the Russian language.
4:1741I love my native language!
He is understandable to everyone, he is melodious,
He, like the Russian people, has many faces,
How powerful is our power!
20 interesting and unexpected facts about the Russian language that you probably didn’t know:
4:376 4:381
Most words with the letter “F” in Russian are borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with the letter “f” - fleet.
5:1195 5:1200There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter “Y”. But most of us remember only “yod, yogi” and the city “Yoshkar-Ola”. There are words in the Russian language that start with “Y”. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.
5:16625:4
The only words in the Russian language with three letters “e” in a row are long-necked (and others with -neck, for example, crooked-, short-) and “snake-eater”.
5:257 5:262In the Russian language there is a word with a unique prefix for the language - ko-zakoulok.
5:406 5:411The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is take out. It is believed that this word contains the so-called zero root, which alternates with the root -im- (take out-im-at). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, embrace, understand (cf. remove, embrace, understand), but later the root -nya- was reinterpreted as the suffix - well- (as in “shove”, “blow”).
5:1204 5:1209The only one-syllable adjective in the Russian language is “evil”.
5:1345 5:1350In the Russian language there are words with prefixes unique to the language and -, - total and total and a- - maybe (obsolete a vos “and vos will not be lucky”), formed from the conjunctions “and” and “a”.
5:16555:4
The words “bull” and “bee” have the same root. In the works of ancient Russian literature, the word “bee” was written as “bchela”. The alternation of vowels ъ/ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound U. If we recall the dialect verb to buchachat, which has the meaning of “roar, hum, buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, bug and bull, then it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words
5:785 5:790Dahl proposed replacing the foreign word “atmosphere” with the Russian “kolozemitsa” or “mirokolitsa”.
5:975 5:980Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”
5:1119 5:1124In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language was named “X-ray electrocardiographic”, in the 2003 edition “excessively considerate”.
5:1454 5:1459In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language A.A. Zaliznyak edition 2003, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is the adjective “private entrepreneurial”. Consists of 25 letters.
5:1833 5:4The longest verbs are “to re-examine”, “to substantiate” and “to internationalize” (all - 24 letters; word forms -uyuschimi and -hivsya 25 letters each).
5:317 5:322The longest nouns are “misanthropy” and “excellency” (24 letters each; word forms -ami - 26 letters each, however, “misanthropy” is practically not used in the plural).
5:708 5:713The longest animate nouns are “eleventh-grader” and “clerk” (21 letters each, word forms -ami - 23 letters each).
5:974 5:979The longest adverb recorded by the dictionary is “unsatisfactory” (19 letters). However, it is necessary to take into account that the overwhelming majority of qualitative adjectives in -y / -iy form adverbs in -o / -e, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.
5:1424 5:1429The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is “physical education-hello” (15 or 14 letters depending on the status of the hyphen).
5:16725:4
The word "accordingly" is the longest preposition and the longest conjunction at the same time. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle “exclusively” is a letter shorter.
5:325 5:330In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: “win”. He will win, you will win, I... will win? Shall I run? will I win? Philologists suggest using the replacement constructions “I will win” or “I will become a winner.” Since there is no first person singular form, the verb is insufficient.
5:1082 5:1087To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “Yellow-blue bus.”
5:1267 5:1272
Our native Russian language is powerful and beautiful.
6:94There are many different worthy statements about the Russian word, but no one has yet expressed themselves on this topic better than the classics.
6:329 6:334
9:4
"Our Fatherland, our Motherland is Mother Russia. We call it Fatherland because our fathers and grandfathers lived in it from time immemorial. We call it Motherland because we were born in it, they speak our native language in it, and everything in it is for our mother - because she nourished us with her waters, taught her her language and, like a mother, protects and protects us from all enemies... There are many good states in the world, but a person has one native mother, and he has one homeland.”
12:823Konstantin Ushinsky
12:867 12:872“The Russian people created the Russian language - bright, like a rainbow after a spring shower, accurate, like arrows, melodious and rich, sincere, like a song over a cradle: What is the Motherland? This is the whole people. This is its culture, its language.
12:1262Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy
12:1319 12:1324Treated his native language with reverence Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, called to love and study it.
12:1517How beautiful my native language is,
Magical, melodious, playing.
Like a clear crystal spring
Caressing the heart and soul.
Every word in it is a priceless diamond.
Every song in it is beautiful.
Sometimes beautiful, sometimes harsh,
Our Fatherland is famous for it.
Just as it is impossible to imagine the earth without a sower, life without bread, man without a homeland, so it is impossible to imagine the great Russian language without proverbs and sayings.
13:1296 13:1301Russian proverbs about words
13:1360Think first - then speak.
Don't be brave in word, but show it in deed.
Talk less, do more.
The word is not a sparrow; if it flies out, you won’t catch it.
Talk without thinking, shoot without aiming.
13:4
If you want to beat fate,
If you are looking for joy in a flower garden,
If you need solid support,
Learn Russian language!
He is your mentor - great, mighty,
He is a translator, he is a guide,
If you storm knowledge steeply,
Learn Russian language!
The Russian word lives on the pages
The world of Pushkin's inspiring books.
The Russian word is the lightning of freedom,
Learn Russian language!
Gorky's vigilance, Tolstoy's vastness,
Pushkin's lyrics are a pure spring,
The Russian word shines with mirror image -
Learn Russian language!
Our planet is inhabited by people with different skin colors, different histories, different customs and traditions, and they speak different languages.Every nation protects its language, its speech - this is its culture.
14:1787Ushinsky noted:“When a language disappears, there are no more people!”
14:117 14:122Our language is beautiful -
Rich and sonorous.
That powerful and passionate
It's gently melodious.
He also has a smile,
Both accuracy and affection.
Written by him
And stories and fairy tales -
Magic pages
Exciting books!
Love and keep
Our great language!
International Mother Language Day is celebrated annually around the world on February 21. This holiday was established on November 17, 1999 by the General Conference of UNESCO, and began to be celebrated in February 2000. The main goal of the International Mother Language Day holiday is to promote linguistic and cultural diversity in the world.
Let us recall that 2008 was declared in a resolution of the UN General Assembly as the International Year of Languages, and 2010 became the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures.
Languages are considered to be the most effective tool for preserving and developing the material and spiritual heritage of any nation. Today there are about 6 thousand languages in the world. According to UNESCO, in the near future, approximately half of them may lose their last carriers and completely disappear.
About 80% of African languages have no written language at all. The trend of language extinction will only intensify in the future.
A language can survive if at least 100,000 people speak it. Languages are disappearing not only in the modern world, this has always happened, sometimes extinct languages did not even leave a trace. However, never before have languages disappeared so quickly. Very often, the extinction of languages was caused by the desire of rulers to achieve the unity of their country; for this they had to force the people to use one common language.
One of the most important goals of International Mother Language Day is to protect endangered languages. The problem of disappearing languages is very relevant today, because in the world currently about two languages disappear every month.
The emergence of new technologies has made it increasingly difficult for national minorities to achieve recognition of their languages. This is due to the rapid development of the Internet throughout the world. And today it is believed that a language that is not represented on the Internet does not exist at all. It is estimated that about 81% of all pages on the Internet are in English. It is followed by a huge margin by German and Japanese, French, Spanish and Scandinavian languages.
UNESCO has even created a special portal for national minorities in disadvantaged conditions. It allows these people to access human knowledge and education.
Meaning of mother tongue
Language is a system of sound and written symbols that people use to convey their thoughts and feelings. Scientists generally agree that language arose about half a million years ago. However, so far none of them can explain with certainty how exactly its origin occurred. All languages on our planet are approximately equal in structural complexity.
Our material and spiritual heritage develops and is preserved precisely thanks to them. Each language is unique in its own way, and therefore represents a very great cultural value, which we must try to preserve for as long as possible.
Any steps aimed at the dissemination of mother tongues contribute to linguistic diversity and multilingual education. People around the world need to become more familiar with the linguistic and cultural traditions of their countries. This makes it possible to strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding and dialogue.
It is necessary to pay a lot of attention to the native language, because... it is a tool for communication, reflection and perception, and describes our vision of the world. In addition, language is also capable of reflecting the connection between the past, present and future, and serves as a means of expressing creativity.
Our native language leaves a unique imprint on each of us from the moment we are born. In addition to his native language, a person can also master foreign languages. This allows us to experience another culture and a different worldview. Each language has unique expressions that reflect the mentality and customs of the people speaking it. A person comprehends his native language from infancy. Even in the womb, the child already hears speech. When he is born, he gradually begins to speak the language spoken by the people around him in the family.
We can say that our native language shapes our consciousness within the framework of the culture that is embedded in it.
However, science has proven that if a person speaks only one language, then part of his brain develops less, and his creative abilities also do not develop fully. Therefore, learning foreign languages is very useful for our development. It should be noted that children learn foreign languages much easier than adults.
Traditions for the holiday February 21
On this festive day of February 21, International Mother Language Day, various exhibitions, concerts and presentations dedicated to languages are held at UNESCO Headquarters and its branches around the world.
To protect languages, UNESCO even plans to create a preventive monitoring system. This system will help monitor the status of those languages that are threatened with complete extinction, and will also help improve the situation.
It should be noted that the date of the celebration coincides with the date of the holiday, which is celebrated in Bangladesh in memory of the bloody events of the middle of the last century. Then, in 1952, supporters of Bengali being recognized as the official language of East Pakistan were brutally persecuted by the Pakistani police.
In our multinational country there are a large number of different languages. Moreover, 136 of them were recognized by UNESCO as endangered in 2009.
In different cities of our country, they are trying to coincide with the holiday of February 21 - International Mother Language Day - with various events and actions to protect the Russian language.
Many people do not like the current situation that has developed around modern mass media. All of them widely use profanity, slang, criminal language, a huge number of foreign words, etc. All this contributes to the pollution of the Russian language.
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Attention! The site administration is not responsible for the content of methodological developments, as well as for the compliance of the development with the Federal State Educational Standard.
At the international level, the problem of preserving national languages is in the spotlight. Russia is a multinational country where different languages are spoken and different cultures coexist. For many decades, more than 80 nationalities have lived as one family on the territory of the Komi Republic. The unifying principle in the multilingual space of our country is the language of the majority of the population - Russian. Knowledge of language leads to an understanding of the spiritual ancestral roots, the emotional and moral foundations of the entire culture. Mother Language Day is a good reason to remember its meaning.
Subject: Mother Language Day
Target: show the role of language in human life and in the life of society.
Tasks:
- formation of a culture of personality and citizenship;
- development of linguistic taste;
- formation of a culture of communication as part of a person’s general culture;
- reviving interest in the native language, drawing attention to the problems of the modern Russian language;
- bringing children and parents together;
- development of communication skills;
- instilling love and respect for the people around us, for the native language, native land, through joint creative activities.
Form: educational and game program
Location: primary school classroom
Student age: 10 – 11 years
Equipment:
- media projector;
- computer;
- 3 magnetic boards (white);
- five sundresses for girls;
- folk costumes (Bashkirs, Ukrainians, Komi)
- a drawn human face (A1);
- drawn parts to the face: nose, eyes, mouth, ears;
- 3 pictures of tree trunks;
- cards: KOMI LANGUAGE, RUSSIAN LANGUAGE;
- cards with proverbs;
- leaves to trees (words written on the back);
- Atlas of the World's Languages;
- a phrase on a green piece of paper (If we know the language well, we can...);
- phrases on yellow sheets of paper (write without errors; understand what you read better; understand each other better; speak correctly, explore the world, be an interesting conversationalist, create, communicate, preserve the customs and traditions of your people, know the history of your people, pass on knowledge from generation to generation generations)
Event plan
- Introduction.
- The history of the origin of the holiday.
- Atlas of World Languages.
- The official language of a huge country.
- Advantages of the Russian language.
- Performances in native language:
- Performance of a folk song by Bashkirs.
- Reading poems by Ukrainians.
- Dramatization of a Komi fable.
- We study words in the Komi language. A game.
- Work in groups “The special nature of words.”
- Summarizing.
Progress of the event
Lead teacher + whole class: Hello! Good afternoon We are pleased to welcome our wonderful guests and loving parents to this class today. We are glad to see you all! We are all in a great mood. And we think it’s the same for you!
-Then shall we begin? ( class answers - let's start). Today, parents take an active part along with the children. Thank you very much for your cooperation!
– The theme of our class event today is dedicated to Mother Language Day. Today we will find out what kind of holiday this is and why it is celebrated.
Leading child:
What kind of holiday are we celebrating today?
Let's all meet joyfully together?
Lead teacher: International Mother Language Day is an unusual holiday, but very important. It was created very recently since 2000 and is celebrated on February 21st all over the world. Proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO with the aim of promoting linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
– Each nation has its own unique culture, history, traditions, way of life. And, of course, the language. Scientists suggest that human speech skills appeared about 100,000 years ago. Let's try to imagine how people could communicate without speech skills. Who wants to try to communicate without words? ( choice of 3–4 children)
Assignment: You are invited to invite your neighbor to hunt a mammoth(the task is pronounced in the children’s ears)
– What were these people trying to agree on? (the class is trying to answer)
– It turns out how difficult, how difficult it was to explain without words and understand each other.
– But written forms of the language appeared only about 5,000 years ago. Therefore, the road to the language was long and difficult. And we speak different languages in all corners of our planet. In Germany - in German, in France - in French, in England - in English, and in Russia? (in Russian).
Leading child: I wonder how many languages there are on our planet?
Lead teacher: There were once 7,000 to 8,000 distinct languages. Today, approximately 6,000 languages are known. The diversity of languages is a great asset of human heritage. The most common languages in the modern world are Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, and French. Most of humanity speaks these languages.
Leading child: Wow! So many languages! Where did so many of them come from?
Lead teacher: Is this what you really want to know? (children in chorus: YES!)
- Then listen.
- There is a legend. According to this legend, after the Flood, humanity was represented by one people speaking the same language. And so people became proud and decided to build a gigantic tower in Babylon, reaching to the very heavens. It took a long time to build it, using the labor of different people. The gods were afraid that their power would be violated and decided to interfere with the construction of the tower. To do this, they made people speak different languages. Because of this, confusion arose at the construction site, the builders ceased to understand each other and the tower collapsed, never reaching heaven. The confusion of languages stopped the work of building the tower and scattered people to different parts of the earth. This is such a legend.
Leading child: Why did the idea of creating such a day arise?
Lead teacher: International Mother Language Day is primarily aimed at protecting endangered languages. And this task is important and urgent, because nowadays two languages disappear every month in the world.
– In 1996, a man named Red Thundercloud died in the United States. He was the last person to speak the language of the Sioux Indian tribe. True, before his death he managed to record speech patterns and ritual songs of his people, which rendered a great service to science. Unfortunately, this rarely happens. More often than not, a language dies quietly and unnoticed along with its last speakers.
Leading child: Yes... Like endangered animal species, languages are rapidly becoming extinct, and in order to survive they need our support and interest.
Lead teacher: Linguists are trying not to waste time and have time to document the many languages that still exist. After all, according to scientists, in a hundred years from 3 to 6 thousand currently existing languages will disappear. International Mother Language Day is celebrated with the aim of preserving and developing endangered languages, as well as raising awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions.
Leading child: Endangered species of animals and plants are included in the Red Book. Where do endangered species of languages end up?
Lead teacher: There is an Atlas of the World's Languages and a Red Book of Russian Languages. They represent languages that are in danger of extinction. There are currently almost 500 languages that are at risk of extinction.
Here are some examples: ( book show)
“And for a language to survive, it needs to be spoken by 100,000 people.” Languages are disappearing. In Russia in 1917 there were 193 languages. Now -174.
proverbs
Leading child: Our task then is to preserve endangered languages and cherish the diversity of human cultures.
Lead teacher: Yes, because it is thanks to language that the traditions of peoples continue to live, and interest in understanding the world awakens. It is language that unites people regardless of the place and time of their residence.
Leading child: What unites us?
Lead teacher: Really, what can unite us? (children’s answers: we study at the same school, live in the same city, country, speak the same language - Russian).
– That’s right, but the main element that unites us is precisely the language – the Russian language.
– By the way, take note: all over the world, more than 350 million people understand Russian, of which 170 million speak Russian as their native language. In addition, currently about 180 million foreigners are studying Russian. It is the language of communication of more than 160 peoples and nationalities of the world. It is the language of great literature. He is the language in which the first words were spoken in space. It is the language of a great nation with a thousand-year history. The Russian language managed to lead the “language union” throughout Russia and became the state language of a huge country.
Student 1
Generous national heritage -
I love our beautiful language.
After all, I’ve been speaking Russian since childhood,
Like a mother, I got used to him.
Student 2
Life goes on, ahead of the dictionary.
So many new things, events, feelings!
Expressing my thoughts in Russian,
I learn a lot from my ancestors.
Student 3
I have the key to all sciences,
I am familiar with the whole Universe -
It's because I own
Russian all-encompassing language.
Student 4
Our language is the language of labor and light,
It is wide and clear and great.
The planet listens with excitement
Pushkin's immortal language!
Lead teacher: The Russian language has all the advantages of other languages. It is melodic like Italian, commanding like German, precise like English. But only the Russian language has such a palette of colors and such versatility. Foreigners, listening to Russian speech, say that it flows like a song. Let's listen to the sound of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's poem describing a winter evening.
The storm covers the sky with darkness,
Whirling snow whirlwinds;
The way the beast will howl,
Then he will cry like a child,
Then on the dilapidated roof
Suddenly the straw will rustle,
The way a belated traveler
There will be a knock on our window.
– We can see the beauty and versatility of the Russian language in folk art. This is how people sang about the coming of spring ( girls sing a folk song)
Spring, red spring!
Come spring, with joy,
With joy, with joy.
With great mercy:
With tall flax, with deep roots.
With rains, downpours,
With abundant bread!
Is it in my garden,
I'm in a wonderful place.
Lyushenki Lyuli, Lyushenki Lyuli,
The birds sang well
They sang well.
Lyushenki Lyuli, Lyushenki Lyuli.
– The role of language as a means of communication between people is wonderfully defined in Russian folk art. One type of such creativity is proverbs and sayings. Every nation has many proverbs designed to express the basic principles of life. And yet, Russian proverbs are among the most apt and instructive.
What a luxury, what a meaning, what a point in every saying of ours! - said A.S. Pushkin.
Remember the proverbs and sayings at the beginning of the phrase, continue them, explain the meaning (children work in groups)
- Do you want to eat rolls -…. (don't sit on the stove)
- The bird is red with its feather, ... (and the man with his mind)
- There is no better friend... (than my own mother)
Remember and make up proverbs and sayings based on these two words.
- work - boldly (Finished the work, walk boldly.)
- pen - ax (What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an ax)
- business - time (Business - time, fun - hour.)
- Well done! Indeed, “Our proverbs are short, but whole books’ worth of intelligence and feelings are put into them,” M. Gorky wrote about Russian proverbs. It is no coincidence that the language is called the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom of the people.
– Another of the best properties of the Russian language is the ability to express subtle nuances with the help of countless suffixes, which is not possible in other languages.
– For example, let’s take the word “HORSE”. And let's try to add to this word different suffixes.
- small, cheerful, charming creature - HORSE TO A
- tired work horse, very old – HORSE YONK A
- We will affectionately call the horse – HORSE USHK A
– So, you and I can only be proud that Russian is our native language.
– There are many peoples in the world, they all speak different languages, but each person values his native language, protects it, cherishes it, and everyone has the right to speak his native language freely.
– According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 68, all its peoples are guaranteed the right to preserve their native language and create conditions for its study and development.
– Nowadays it has become indisputable that the main wealth of any territory is its population. More than 80 peoples live on the territory of the Komi Republic. In our class team there are representatives of different nationalities: Bashkirs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Komi, Chuvash, Mordvins, Russians. And each has its own unique language in beauty and sound. Some families prepared a performance in their native language. Let's listen to them.
BASHKIRS - perform a folk song.
Fizminutka: Bashkir dance movements
UKRAINIANS read poetry in their native language.
KOMI - dramatize a fable in the Komi language.
- Guys, did you recognize this language? That's right, this is the language of the Komi people - the indigenous population of the Republic in which we live. By the way, take note. The Republic is home to 975,000 people, of which only 264,464 are indigenous people. The year 2009 in the Republic was declared the year of the Komi language, and this is no coincidence, because according to the Constitution of the Komi Republic, the state languages are not only Russian, but also Komi.
– Guys, have you noticed that on the buildings of the city there are signs written in two languages – Russian and Komi ( Not really).
- Let's look at some of them (showing signs: on the city administration building, on residential buildings, on a school building, on a bread store building).
– And now we will try to learn a few words in the Komi language ( learn words: mouth, eyes, nose, ears). We show ourselves the part of the face in question and pronounce this word in Komi.
head – YUR, mouth – VOM, nose – NIR, ear – PEL, eye – SHCHIN
Game "Create a face" (the teacher names a part of the face in Komi, the one who remembers what this word means attaches the part to the face on the board).
– Usually, a native language is understood as a language that a person learns from early childhood. When we learn a language, we remember, first of all, the words of this language, and there are a great many of them. Just as we cannot count the leaves on a tree, it is difficult to count the number of words. But each word has its own special character, its own meaning.
(The class works in groups. Parents are present in each group).
– Each group has a small tree. Leaflets with words of different meanings and nature will help you “green” it. Be careful when choosing words for your tree.
1 group (nouns) |
Group 2 (adjectives) |
3 group (Verbs) |
Sun, mother, warmth, Motherland, kindness, friends, home, family, peace, joy, creator. |
Beautiful, affectionate, warm, happy, smart, sunny, solemn, dear, polite, respectful, |
|
Sneaking, weapons, tears, wars, betrayal. |
Terrible, envious, furious, cowardly, arrogant. |
To be afraid, to offend, to lie, to hate, to insult. |
(each group reads out the words)
– Why did you choose these particular words? – each group gives its answer (kind; liked; we want these words to appear more often in our lives; cause positive emotions; pleasant to pronounce; can only be painted with light colors; I want all these words to apply to me...).
– What words did you not take? ( answers)
– The more beautiful and warm words in our speech, the kinder we will be with you...
– Unfortunately, in the modern world, rude, obscene words are used more and more often, which clog our language.
Student
O my native, holy language!
I'm used to beating you up
I'm used to offending you
Humiliate people with you.
Pushkin said to you, -
Lermontov created with you,
And I offended. I betrayed
He gave it up for reproach.
And who am I? Just a stupid son.
And, unfortunately, not alone.
But forgive us. Don't measles.
Illuminate with your radiance,
And we will keep it as a covenant
There is light in your speeches of culture!
– Have you ever wondered why we need to learn a language? ( Students draw their conclusions and post their answers on the board.)
If we know the language well, we can... (on the board)
(write without errors; understand what you read better; understand each other better; speak correctly, explore the world, be an interesting conversationalist, create, communicate, preserve the customs and traditions of your people, know the history of your people, pass on knowledge from generation to generation)
- Right. Language is the spiritual wealth of the people. Without language it is unthinkable to move science, technology, art, or life forward one step.
– Why is this day so necessary? ( so that people remember languages, their native language, so that they respect other languages, take care of it, do not let it disappear, so that the language lives for other generations)
– Language is a teacher who teaches us, and will teach us if we treat it with care and study it diligently. People have different languages, but celebrating International Mother Language Day on February 21, I would like to draw the following conclusion:
Student:
Everyone has a language
That dear forever,
Without native language,
There is no man!
Student:
We sing to them, we talk to them,
From birth
And to the native language,
There must be great zeal!
– Treat your native language with care and love, think about it, love it, study it!
- Thank you very much everyone!
International Mother Language Day - February 21
International Mother Language Day, proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO in November 1999, has been celebrated every year since February 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
Languages are the most powerful tool for preserving and developing our material and spiritual heritage. According to UNESCO estimates, half of the world's 6 thousand languages may soon lose their last speakers.
All steps to promote the spread of mother tongues serve not only to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education, developing greater familiarity with linguistic and cultural traditions around the world, but also strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue.
This is what UNESCO Director General Koichiro Matsuura says about this holiday: “By celebrating International Mother Language Day... we pay tribute to the myriad of languages that exist in the world, the cultures they reflect, the creative charge that their development and forms of expression give to people . On International Mother Language Day, all languages are recognized as equal because each is uniquely suited to human purpose and each represents a living heritage that we should protect.”
Recognition and respect of all languages is key to maintaining peace. Each language is unique. It has its own expressions that reflect the mentality and customs of the people. Like our name, we acquire our mother tongue from our mother during childhood. It shapes our consciousness and imbues it with the culture inherent in it.
Even though it is very difficult to penetrate deeply into the culture of another language, knowledge of languages broadens our horizons and opens up a diverse world to us. Meeting people who speak other languages makes it possible to learn about our differences and can dispel fears about the world that give rise to national strife. Make your thinking more free.
If we speak only one language, part of our brain develops less and our creativity loses a lot. There are about 300 words that have exactly the same meaning in all languages: I, you, we, who, what, no, all, one, two, big, long, small, woman, man, eat, see, hear, sun , moon, etc.
But if we take other words, for example, the word patience in Chinese (zhen), then it also means tolerance, patience...
If in French je t "aime (I love you) you can say to a friend, child, lover, then this is unthinkable for other languages, for example, for English or Italian in which there are different words to denote the concept of "love".
One example. There are about 1600 languages and dialects in India, the situation is very complex. The constitution guarantees all citizens the right to "preserve" their languages, and all ethnic and religious minorities have the right to govern educational institutions. In fact, there is a linguistic hierarchy. Minor languages may disappear, replaced by English, which is perceived as a neutral language, a symbol of modernity and good social status.
Every age needs a native language...
(Kenzheev Bakhyt)
Every age needs a native language,
to every heart, tree and knife
we need a native language of purity of tears -
So I will say and I will keep my word.
So I will say and silently, barefoot, I will walk
barren, cloudy country,
to blame your work
the native language has become a cumbersome stone.
From the street, a disabled person pressed his ear to the glass.
Every throat hurts, every eye waters,
if the age decays, and its spring
dries up without comforting us.
The stones will erase the sole, take away your youth,
so that singing reeds grow from the water,
so that in old age he can justify his work
stonecutter's insatiable lace.
Well - tearing off the crust from compressed lips,
overcoming lies and abscesses in the ears,
to every sky - if the century is not loving -
let it slip, repeating the forgotten
In your native language, because again
in every living thing the early morning sleep is deep,
so that hate and love merge
in your narrow pupil into a golden ball.
About your native language
(Galina Purga)
Your tongue is a guide to the mind and heart,
Without it you will find yourself in a dead end.
Your language is your life, your dreams,
You are no longer you without him.
Your tongue is like your own mother,
Which cannot be humiliated, cannot be insulted.
You should thank him, friend.
Because you know how to speak correctly.
Native language is your soul, your world, your ray,
Love him because he is powerful.
Your tongue is a shield, your communication
Don't let him be neglected.
Don't let someone else label your native language.
Your heritage is your land and your language
And don’t let the ignorant distort it,
Don't forget about this, my friend.
Native Russian language
I will not fight with my brother over the language,
We'd better have more vodka and fresh snacks.
But for the first time, a quietly happy mother,
When she just opened her eyes, she told me in Russian.
And so with mother's milk it poured into my blood
The same language is like a gift from ancestors-messengers.
Today I hear the cry of my fellow countryman again and again
About the fact that my native language is only the lot of foreigners.
When the carousel stops spinning,
And I’ll lie down in a cold hole behind the street descent,
They will drive my spirit away from the Ukrainian unfortunate lands
For the fact that during his lifetime he wrote his lines in Russian.
Native language
Everyone is interested in Arabic
everyone was drawn to the east,
Spanish, Polish, Italian,
the train carried everyone to the west
How easy it is to drop everything and hide,
and tell us all later
that happiness is abroad,
and laugh at your own
Now the dialect is already native,
now in a completely different country,
I'm happy for them, but life is not eternal,
and only the native language is in the soul
Native language
(Valery Bryusov)
My faithful friend! My enemy is insidious!
My king! My slave! Native language!
My poems are like altar smoke!
Like a furious challenge - my cry!
You gave wings to a crazy dream,
You have wrapped your dream in shackles.
Saved me in hours of powerlessness
And he crushed with excess strength.
How often in the secret of strange sounds
And in the hidden sense of words
I found the melody of the unexpected,
Poems that took possession of me!
But often, exhausted by joy
Or quietly intoxicated with melancholy,
I waited in vain to be in tune
With a trembling soul - your echo!
You wait like a giant.
I bow my face to you.
And yet I will not tire of fighting
I am like Israel with a deity!
There is no limit to my persistence.
You are in eternity, I am in short days,
But still, as a magician, submit to me,
Or turn the madman to dust!
Your wealth, by inheritance,
I, impudent, demand for myself.
I issue a call - you answer,
I'm coming - get ready to fight!
But the winner is defeated,
I will equally fall before you:
You are my avenger, you are my savior,
Your world is forever my abode,
Your voice is the sky above me!
Native language
(Pavlova Lina)
I thank previous eras,
Scientists and poets and people
For the language that you gave me
And they saved it in the most terrible year!
I thank my mother for reading to me
And, revealing the meaning of each fairy tale,
She corrected childhood mistakes
And it awakened my thought to life.
I thank Kuprin, Tolstoy,
Turgenev and Chekhov always,
That my native language was enriched
And they supported me in difficult times.
And if in adversity, in the years of hard times,
I haven't hit rock bottom yet,
And if I didn’t close my heart to people,
The merit of the book is that it is my destiny!
And often without even bread,
I opened it with a weak hand
Your friends, guides,
And time transported me to another world.
Native speech, beloved native language,
We draw strength from you throughout all ages.
You, our treasure, our strength,
And you play a role in the life of the lighthouse!
Native language, tell us the words...
Native language, tell us the words:
How to protect you, where to get strength?
Not the inglorious nickname “Mordovian”,
But the name “Erzya” should be worn proudly.
To be a forerunner is an enviable fate,
The Erzyan “istya” breathes the Russianness of truths.
But did you know that they would push you out
From the Volga expanse of the Fatherland?!
In the family of living Russian languages
You are the only one left among the few.
We are at the burial mounds of our forefathers
Let us resume the ritual of strict traditions.
Let the sacred shtatol keep the fire,
Only with Erzyan Mastor does one’s spirit and strength grow stronger.
To the mound hills - bow to the ground,
So that the memory of our ancestors speaks to us.
Istya (erz.) - yes
Erzyan Shtatol - a sacred candle, a symbol of hope, unification and will of the Erzyan people
Erzyan Mastor - land of Erzyan
International Mother Language Day
International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO in November 1999 and has been celebrated every year on 21 February since 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. This date was chosen to commemorate the events of February 21, 1952, when in Dhaka, the capital of present-day Bangladesh, students participating in a demonstration in defense of their native language Bengali, which they demanded to be recognized as one of the official languages of the country, were killed by police bullets.
According to experts, a native language is in danger of extinction if more than 30% of children in a particular community stop learning it. According to the Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, prepared by UNESCO in 2009, over the last three generations of people, out of 6,000 languages existing in the world, more than 200 languages have already disappeared, 538 are in a critical situation, 502 languages are seriously threatened, 651 are in danger and 607 in a state of instability.
In Russia, 136 languages are in danger, and 20 have already been declared dead.
In addition to the 20 extinct languages (for example, Ainu, Yug), in Russia another 22 languages are considered to be in critical condition (Aleut, Terek-Sami, Itelmen), 29 are in serious danger (Nivkh, Chukchi, Karelian). 49 languages are endangered, including Kalmyk and Udmurt. The situation of 20 languages causes concern, including Chechen, Yakut and Tuvan.
It is worth considering that Udmurt, Kalmyk, Yakut, Tuvan and Chechen are the state languages of Russia.
Quotes about native language
- “Prefer your native language over all others.” Habakkuk.
- “Whose tongue is the power”. Ancient Rome.
- “Language is the confession of the people,
His nature is heard in him,
His soul and life are dear..."
P. Vyazemsky.
- “And we will preserve you, Russian speech, the great Russian word” A. Akhmatova.
- “There is no doubt that the Russian language is one of the richest languages in the world.” V. G. Belinsky.
- “An intemperate tongue is the worst of evils.” Euripides.
- “If you don’t know how to wield an ax, you won’t be able to cut down a tree, but the language is also a tool, a musical instrument, and you need to learn to use it easily and beautifully.” A. M. Gorky.
- “In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my Motherland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language.” I. S. Turgenev.
- “Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed on by our predecessors.” I. S. Turgenev.
- “The word is a great thing. Great, because with a word you can unite people and separate them, with a word you can serve love, and with a word you can serve enmity and hatred.” L. N. Tolstoy.
- “And we have no other property! Know how to protect, at least to the best of your ability, in days of anger and suffering, our immortal gift – speech.” I. Bunin.
- “My only asset is Russian speech. There is nothing more valuable than a phrase that so envelops a thought as if it were one and the same thing.” D. Samoilov.
- “We must stand firmer and firmer,
We must love more and more,
Everything must be kept more strictly
The gold of Russian speech." D. Samoilov.
- “A beautiful thought loses all its value if it is poorly expressed.” Voltaire.
- “There is no just a word. It is either a curse, or congratulations, or beauty, or pain, or dirt, or a flower, or a lie, or truth, or a network, or darkness.”
R. Gamzatov.
- “There is no word that would be so sweeping, lively, would burst out from under the very heart, would seethe and vibrate so vividly, like a well-spoken Russian word.” N.V. Gogol.
- “You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift; everything is grainy, large, like the pearl itself, and, truly, another name is even more precious than the thing itself.” N.V. Gogol.
- “For everything that exists in nature... there are a great many good words and names in the Russian language.” K. Paustovsky.
- “...And if, nevertheless, love for one’s fatherland, one’s language and one’s homeland remains for a long time, then this will be only a living branch on the living trunk of universal gratitude.” V. G. Korolenko.
LOVE AND TAKE CARE OF YOUR NATIVE LANGUAGE!