A tweeter is a speaker for reproducing high frequencies. Its sound quality varies greatly depending on the angle at which it is directed towards the listener. The high tones with short sound waves emitted by it are subject to strong influence of various kinds of reflections. If there is any object that reflects sound a few centimeters from the tweeter, this will immediately affect the quality.
Installing a tweeter is a compromise in choosing the optimal angle and a constant battle with reflections. If we can install the tweeter at the most favorable angle and eliminate the possibility of reflections, then we have won this battle. Correct tweeter installation is important both in processor-based audio systems and in conventional non-processor ones. The width and height of the sound stage depends on the correct installation of the tweeter, which affects the sound quality of the audio system as a whole.
Tweeter placement in processor systems
It is believed that the best place to install a tweeter is the front pillar. The arguments for this will be given later. Meanwhile, on one side of the A-pillar there is a windshield, and on the other there is a door window, which, it would seem, creates conditions for all sorts of reflections. However, the type of reflection that is particularly unfavorable for a loudspeaker is the kind that contributes to the formation of standing waves: when the shape of the signal is reversed, changing its phase. And the high frequencies that the tweeter emits are very easily reflected from surrounding objects and, as a result, standing waves easily arise. Therefore, we will tell you how to prevent the formation of standing waves and how to choose the optimal angle when installing the tweeter.
Tweeter Angle
Here is a schematic view of the car's interior from above. The straight axes of the two tweeters, depicted by dotted lines, converge exactly midway between the driver and passenger seats at ear level. The sound should be clearly audible within 45 degrees between the front and side windows on each side. That is, since the listening angle is the same on both sides, the sound character on each side will be almost the same. In addition, since the direct axis of the tweeter passes at the same angles to the front and side windows, the disturbance caused by reflections will be almost the same on both sides. By mounting the tweeter at this angle, each end of the tweeter's frequency range will be closest to the listener.
Choosing an angle when installing a tweeter
Here is a schematic side view of a listener in the driver's seat. The tweeter's straight axis is directed horizontally and is at the level of the listener's mouth. If the tweeter is turned up, or mounted higher and turned down, the phase may shift greatly and the integration of high frequencies with mids and lows will suffer. If the tweeter is mounted at the level of the listener's mouth in a sedan, coupe or station wagon, the tweeter and midwoofer may be aligned in a straight line. This helps improve their interaction.
When installing, it is important to place the tweeter so that there are no reflective objects nearby, within a radius of 5 cm. This helps to dramatically reduce the likelihood of standing waves occurring in the high frequency range.
When a sound wave is reflected, a gap is formed between the reflected and direct sounds. The reflected wave, which turns out to be 4 times longer than the discontinuity, takes on a reverse phase, while the sound pressure drops and the sound quality deteriorates. This is a standing wave. 5 cm x 4 = 20 cm, frequency with a wavelength of 20 cm is 1.7 kHz. Typically tweeters do not use this frequency. If you install the tweeter so that objects that can cause reflections are more than 5 cm away from it, the formation of standing waves will be reduced to a minimum. Additionally, making a recess near the top of the tweeter will help disperse reflections and reduce standing waves caused by reflections from the front post.
Choosing a location for the tweeter
Unlike a woofer and midrange driver, the sound of a tweeter is highly dependent on the angle at which the sound reaches the listener. The described situation is especially typical for car speaker systems - due to reflections, standing waves arise, leading to the loss of musical information and deterioration of sound. If you take into account all these features, it turns out that the best place to install a tweeter in a car is the front pillar. If you install it at the top of the door, then even with a tweeter acoustic shield height of only 1.0 cm, the standing wave will dampen musical sounds with a frequency of 8.5 kHz. In this case, it will be difficult to ensure a symmetrical angle, and the frequency response on both sides of the tweeter will be very different.
If you make a large acoustic screen and install the tweeter at the bottom of the door using a surface-mount method, where the speaker does not protrude above the screen, the likelihood of standing waves will decrease, but it will be completely impossible to achieve the optimal angle. Installation on a threshold panel using a surface mount method with a large screen also prevents the formation of standing waves. But unless you raise the angle of the tweeter significantly, the sound images will not reach the level of the dashboard, and if they do, then only the central image will be present at this level, and the side images will be lower - where the midwoofer is located. Therefore, it is recommended to install the tweeter on the front pillar at the correct angle.
How to get the right tweeter sound
Theory is theory, but how to correctly place a tweeter in a car in practice? To do this, we need any test disk for testing an audio system, the most popular of which is “Audio Doctor”. It has special tracks on which we will track the location of the tweeter and the correctness of the sound. To begin with, you should temporarily mount the tweeter on the front pillar anywhere - and only after that start testing. Each car interior is universal and there is no clear solution for installing a tweeter. So he will try everything in practice.
Initially, you need to determine the installation height of the tweeter. When playing a special track on the test disk, we must observe the height of the stage. Move the tweeter up or down on the stand - and thereby check the sound of the tweeter after each change. But in any case, you shouldn’t raise the tweeter too high - this way we will achieve a sound discrepancy between the midrange/bass and the tweeter. The closer they are to each other, the easier it will be to link them so that they sound evenly at the same frequency. On the other hand, you should not lower the tweeter low on the stand - this may degrade the height of the music stage, which will negatively affect the volume of sound.
It is important to determine the angle of installation of the tweeter - the width of the stage depends on this. The most common arrangement in car audio systems is opposite each other. This is when both tweeters look at each other. Here, as with stage height, there is no universal recipe; you need to try different tweeter placement options and draw conclusions.
Setting up a tweeter is a difficult task. If you are new to car audio and don't have an understanding of the correct sound in a car, setup can take a lot of time. Don’t try to do everything at once; it’s better to try more accommodation options and not in one day. After all, if you set up a tweeter today and it seems to you that it sounds normal, then tomorrow the sound picture may change. So, the process of setting up a tweeter is very complex and multifaceted, but at the same time very exciting. And to achieve high-quality sound, you need to constantly improve and choose its optimal placement.
The quality of car audio depends both on the class of the reproducing equipment and on the properties of the speakers. It is important not only to choose the latter correctly according to their characteristics, but also to place them in the car interior in such a way as to use their capabilities to the maximum. To equip your car with high-quality sound, you don’t have to turn to professionals. Almost any driver can connect the tweeters to the radio with his own hands.
Types of speakers for cars
Any speakers intended for use inside a car belong to one of the following types:
- broadband - manufacturers usually equip their cars with such speakers at the factory;
- coaxial (coaxial);
- component.
The single speaker of a wideband speaker reproduces the entire spectrum of sound frequencies. This is the cheapest solution, usually used in standard audio systems.
The single speaker of a full-range speaker is capable of reproducing a wide range of sound frequencies
The sound quality will improve if you divide the sound spectrum into several bands and entrust the reproduction of each of them to a separate emitter.
The coaxial speaker has several sound emitters installed in a single housing, which significantly improves sound quality
In a coaxial speaker, several (2–5, usually 3) emitters are installed in a single housing, usually on the same axis, along with filters that highlight the audio frequencies that are optimal for each head.
The speakers of the component system are spaced throughout the vehicle
Component speaker systems have the widest range of high-quality reproduction capabilities. In them, as in coaxial speakers, the sound signal is reproduced by several emitters, but each is made in the form of a separate speaker.
Two-component systems: tweeters and crossovers
Tweeters or tweeters are high-frequency speakers whose task is to reproduce the frequencies of the upper band of the sound spectrum. Conventional tweeters are flat or slightly convex. Horn tweeters are slightly larger than usual ones, as they are equipped with an element that forms a clear polar pattern - a horn.
Tweeters or tweeters are called high-frequency speakers
To highlight bands in component systems, crossovers, audio frequency separation filters made in the form of separate blocks, are used.
Crossovers can have from one to four stages: the more stages, the better the sound quality
Component sound systems are the most difficult to install. However, the separation of speakers in space provides the highest quality and surround sound.
Choosing the right speakers and radio
First of all, specialized audio equipment is intended for installation in the car interior. Manufacturers of car speakers take into account not only sound quality, but also difficult operating conditions: vibration, dust, temperature changes, etc.
Is it possible to install household or variety speakers in a car?
Computer and concert speakers are designed for more gentle conditions. They most likely won't last long in a car.
In addition, computer speakers usually require not only a sound source, but also a separate power supply, without which they will not work, while car speakers are connected only to the output of an amplifier or radio.
As a rule, it is advisable to buy speakers where it is possible to evaluate the sound quality. Appearance does not play a special role, since in the car's interior the speakers are usually covered with a decorative mesh or grille.
Choosing suitable speakers for a car consists of determining the basic requirements for them and comparing the technical characteristics of several models of the same price category
Installation of car speakers
In household speaker systems, the right and left speakers are usually located at the same distance from the listener and approximately at the level of his head. It is unrealistic to meet such conditions in a car, therefore, when installing a component speaker, the need to achieve possible approximation to the ideal comes to the fore.
Speaker placement options: where to install speakers
It was experimentally established that for front acoustics, the optimal placement of speakers is on the edges of the dashboard and the adjacent part of the A-pillars. In this case, you need to ensure that the speakers are brought forward as far as possible.
Experts also advise placing speakers of different frequencies belonging to the same channel in close proximity to each other. This will ensure sound integrity and consistency. The speakers can be oriented in opposite directions: one should be directed at the driver, the other at the windshield of the car, so that sound waves are reflected from it.
Unfortunately, large speakers are difficult to place along the edges of the dashboard. Therefore, many car owners choose a compromise option.
It makes sense to place the woofers and midrange speakers in the lower front corner of the door, and the tweeters on the A-pillar or in the same corner of the dashboard. This scheme provides acceptable sound quality with less time and money.
Only the most desperate music lovers will appreciate such a creative option for placing speakers on a car door.
Do-it-yourself replacement of standard speakers
The least expensive way to improve the sound inside a car, both in terms of money and effort, is to replace the standard wideband speakers with two- or three-way coaxial ones.
The standard place for the “native” speakers is the lower front corner of the doors. For replacement, it is advisable to select speakers of the same size as the standard ones. Larger speakers generally sound better, but they will require a larger mounting hole in the door.
Installation Tools
To replace the speakers you may need the following tool:
- jigsaw,
- electric drill,
- Phillips and flathead screwdrivers,
- soldering iron,
- pliers,
- set of car keys,
- panel puller,
- file,
- insulating tape,
- plastic clamps for fastening wires.
Video: learning how to independently connect speakers to a car radio
Preparatory work: how to remove the trim
Before carrying out work, turn off the ignition and disconnect the negative cable from the battery. Then do this:
How to remove a standard speaker and attach a new one
Further work will require patience and attentiveness from you. Only compliance with the sequence of actions below guarantees correct installation of the speakers.
How to connect speakers to the front or back door
It happens that the new column, coinciding with the old one in diameter, does not “sit” on the standard podium (ring or protrusion) or turns out to be thicker and begins to stick out too much. Sometimes the stand is completely missing. In this case, proceed as follows:
Video: how to install acoustics on a car
Component Audio Source Locations
The sound quality of coaxial speakers satisfies most motorists, but not all. The design disadvantage of coaxial sound is that high-frequency tweeters are placed in inaccessible places along with the front speakers. To overcome this disadvantage, component systems with speakers spaced apart in space are used.
The peculiarities of high-frequency sound propagation require that, firstly, the tweeters be oriented towards the listener, and, secondly, that there are no obstacles between them and the ear.
Due to the layout of car interiors, it is difficult to choose the ideal location for tweeters. The most acceptable compromise between price and quality is to place the low- and mid-frequency speakers in their standard place and move the high-frequency drivers to the dashboard or the A-pillar.
Connecting tweeters
The installation procedure for component speakers is given below:
How to connect speakers in two-piece systems
Approximately 80% of car enthusiasts who install component sound systems are limited to installing additional tweeters. For some, this is not enough, since achieving the highest sound quality is impossible without “drawing” the lower frequencies of the sound spectrum to the point of the limits of human hearing.
Obstacles to the propagation of vibrations of the lowest frequencies degrade the quality slightly. Therefore, huge subwoofers operating in the lower sound band are placed in the trunk or on the rear parcel shelf.
A component car audio system can contain from 2 (including tweeter) speakers per channel to 4, 6 or more
Thus, a component car audio system can contain from 2 (including tweeter) speakers per channel to 4, 6 or more. Practical implementation depends on the aesthetic requirements of the car owner, his desire to spend money and time to achieve them.
Scheme of channel-by-channel connection of speaker components
All components of the audio system are connected to each other by wires. Weak tweeters can be connected with almost any wire. Subwoofers are a completely different matter. With a power of 100 W, the speaker will require a current of about 8 A. To avoid mistakes, it is best to use a specialized speaker cable with a wire cross-section of at least 2.5 square meters. mm.
To connect the wires to each other and to the speakers, depending on the design features, use standard connectors, terminals or twisting with mandatory soldering
Wires for connecting speakers are laid in inaccessible places, covered under removable casings as far as possible from other wiring harnesses. The sound lines are inserted into the doors through standard rubber accordion covers.
By following the recommendations outlined above, any owner will be able to equip their car with good sound. How many speakers will be used and where exactly they will be installed depends on the design features of the car and the desires of its owner. And the secret of success lies in the availability of the necessary components and accuracy when performing work.
When a car owner decides to tidy up the acoustics, he may have a question about how to connect the beepers to the car. These tweeters are installed to provide more beautiful tones to the sound. The problem with these sound-reproducing devices lies in the peculiarities of their structure and operation. Connecting them is not difficult, but at the same time, a clear understanding of what should be done and how is required. By installing and connecting such a speaker with errors, you will not only not get normal sound, but will quickly disable the tweeters. Therefore, it is important to choose the right speakers, as well as carefully and carefully install them in the car.
Device and types
How to connect tweeters to a car? Before answering this question, you should understand what they are, as well as what features such speakers have. After all, they use a large number of different technical solutions that are not used in midrange and high-frequency speakers. The correct name for tweeters is tweeters. The popular name appeared based on the sound characteristics of this equipment.
High frequencies start at 3 kHz. For example, a frequency of 4 kHz along the wavelength is 8.5 cm. The maximum frequency perceived by the human ear is 20 kHz, such a wave will already be equal to only 1.7 cm. Accordingly, to reproduce such waves, small speakers are required, but with minimal inertia . After all, in the process of work they need to fluctuate quite quickly.
Nowadays, electrodynamic tweeters are most often used. At the heart of such a speaker is a coil and a conductor. At the edges of them there is a core and a magnet. In this case, the coil is in a rigid connection with the magnet. When current is applied, it begins to rotate in the resulting field, causing the coil to vibrate. This is how sound is created. For greater efficiency, the membrane is made in the shape of a dome.
Car tweeters mainly use silk membranes. The material is impregnated with a special compound, which gives the membrane rigidity. The advantage of silk is its ability to withstand high loads, dampness and temperature changes. The most expensive membranes are made of titanium or aluminum. Such options are used only in elite acoustic systems. They are rare in car music. The cheapest option is paper copies, which have poor sound quality and a short service life.
Installation and connection
To carry out this work you will need a few tools, straight hands, and in some cases also ingenuity. The following tools will be required:
- Screwdrivers, figured and flat;
- Insulating tape;
- Wire cutters;
- Wires (included);
- Flashlight.
- We remove the trim from the doors. It is usually attached with self-tapping screws or clips. On some models, you will have to remove the handles, ashtrays and other body kits separately. It is often problematic to remove the power window control unit. Depending on the car, you must either carefully pry off its body with a screwdriver, or use a special puller;
- Having determined the installation location for the speaker, you should cut a hole in the casing;
- The tweeter is attached to the casing using double-sided tape;
- The most crucial moment is connecting the speaker. Here many people make the mistake of connecting it directly to the radio. You can't do that. The radio itself delivers sound equally to all connected speakers, without any filtering. Therefore, not only high frequencies, but also low frequencies will be supplied to the tweeter. At the same time, the sound will not be of high quality. Connection is made only through an amplifier. You should run an additional wire from the amplifier to the tweeter. If this is not possible, then you can route the wires through a crossover;
- The wires must be connected strictly according to the diagram. Otherwise, just burn the tweeter. When connecting, be sure to insulate the wires; soldering is also a good idea;
- After connecting, be sure to test the system; if everything works, then secure the wires and install the casing in place.
Additionally
When choosing a tweeter, you need to pay attention to some features of this equipment. For example, it is best to evaluate the sound at low and medium volume levels. This will bring out the high frequencies best. The same applies to setting up the assembled system. It is at low volume that you can adjust the frequency balance.
When choosing a tweeter, pay attention to the frequency characteristics of the midrange speaker. They must intersect. Otherwise, you will get a “hole” in the frequencies, which will negatively affect the sound.
Conclusion. It’s hard to imagine a modern car without music. In the process of installing a sound system, car owners often wonder how to connect beepers to their cars. There's really nothing complicated here. It is enough to follow certain rules. Correct selection and connection of tweeters directly affects sound quality.
One of the most popular social networks in the world is Twitter. Don't you know what it is yet? Never used it, but want to try it? In this article we will consider a step-by-step action plan for its development. Twitter - how to use? Instructions for use
Basic Concepts
Let's start with the very basics. So what is twitter? This is a social network, another way to call it a microblog, where communication takes place using short phrases and messages (tweets). Using them, you can express your thoughts and emotions, share news, etc.
There is nothing complicated to understand how this platform works, but to save time on conquering the vastness of the website on your own, I offer you ready-made step-by-step instructions, using it, you will become a confident Twitter user.
First, let's look at the most frequently used words that describe actions on the microblog.
Tweet is a short emotional message that will be displayed in your profile status. It is limited in the number of characters, that is, your message should be as informative as possible, but not exceed 140 characters.
Retweet- means publishing someone else’s message in your status, where the person you are quoting will be indicated.
Both the tweet and the retweet will be visible to all our subscribers, who can comment and discuss your message if they wish.
Promotional Tweets- these are the same small phrases that express the general essence of what they want to convey to users. Typically, advertising messages are published in the list of trending topics. The advertiser pays a certain amount for the advertisement to be visible. This is done in order to attract new subscribers.
Lists. In your account, you can group people into lists, such as classmates, relatives, colleagues, etc. This kind of sorting will make it easier to find the right person.
Current topics. As a rule, this tab displays the most discussed and popular topics and news. When you click on a topic that interests you, a list of all statuses that mention your chosen topic will appear. Messages that have received more than 150 reposts are distinguished from the rest by a contrasting color.
Hashtags. In order for your tweet to be seen not only by your subscribers, but also by other users, you can put a sign after the message #topic name. Hashtags are a kind of active links, by clicking on which the user can go to a page where all messages on the topic of the hashtag will be displayed.
For example, the European Football Championship is currently underway and there are a lot of tweets and news using the hashtag #Euros2016.
Why have a Twitter account?
You can use twitter for personal purposes, to maintain your own microblog and communicate with friends, or you can use it to promote and attract attention to your account in order to make money online.
To attract new subscribers, you need to subscribe to other users, leave comments on their page, so they can start reading you back. It’s worth blogging more often and publishing new tweets, responding to your subscribers and not forgetting that communication is the key to success. You can also resort to mutual recommendations from each other. That is, in your account you recommend a profile that interests you to subscribers, and this person, in turn, does the same, but recommends you. This is a kind of mutual assistance to each other.
Registration
Registering on Twitter 1 step. Go to twitter.com, enter your name, email address or phone number, create a password and click “Register”.
Step 2. After registration, a window will open to clarify your interests. Choose interesting reading topics.
Once you have selected sports and news, tweets on these topics will be displayed in your news feed.
Step 3. Revitalize your account. Let's upload your photo and set the header to the background.
Dimensions of photo and header for Twitter:
You don't have to make these sizes. When you install pictures, you will be asked to scale and place the image as you see fit.
To change the page design click on Edit profile and customize your view.
In addition to the nickname, you can enter your full name, provide a link to the site and enter a geolocation.
About Me. It should be short and to the point, but still attract the attention of readers. Remember that the number of characters in the biography paragraph is limited to 160.
To do this, go to your profile page and place the mouse cursor in the “What’s new?” line. — We write our thought - click “Tweet” and that’s it, the tweet is published) Now your message will be visible to subscribers who read you.
The advantages of such a blog are that communication occurs in real time with real people, due to incoming notifications about new messages under your post, you will not miss a single comment. With the help of various client applications, communication on Twitter is simplified.
How to delete a Twitter account?
Go to Settings - Account - scroll to the very bottom and click Disable my account - after confirmation the account will be deleted.
I was with you. See you later!)
Twitter is convenient, simple and fast. This is one of the easiest ways to quickly find out news about what is happening around you. Here are some helpful tips to make your Twitter experience even easier.
1. Concerned about confidentiality of information? Unpublish the device that posts tweets and your location
If you're concerned about the privacy of your tweets, use Twitter's existing privacy settings.
Go to the “Settings” section and use the Tweet Location item.
Cancel the Add a location to you tweets option.
2. Enable HTTPS to make your Twitter browsing more secure
By enabling the secure HTTPS data transfer protocol, Twitter will ensure secure communication between your computer and Twitter.com.
If you use Twitter over a coffee shop's public Wi-Fi network, you won't have to worry about how many Wi-Fi users are trying to get your hands on your Twitter username and password.
To do this, in the settings section, select the Always use HTTPS switch.
3. Looking for a specific tweet? Try advanced search on Twitter.
Twitter Advanced Search allows you to use a variety of criteria to find tweets. For example, you can include your Twitter username, date range, location, language the tweet was written in, and more.
4. Looking for a quick way to find out which of your friends is your follower?
When you are viewing a person's Twitter profile, click the “Following” button, and select Timeline or List of people. In the top right corner you can find a “shuffle” icon, which when clicked will “move through your followers’ profiles.
It's an easy way to see the tweets that someone else is reading, or see a list of people you know.
5. Add a new “Follow” button to your blog or website
Twitter has launched the “Follow Button” - the fastest way to add a Twitter account to your friends list. The button generates simple HTML code that you can embed on your website, blog, etc.
You can customize the button to make it lighter or darker. You can also customize the display of the number of followers on the button.
6. Use lists
Lists are one of the features of Twitter that is not yet used enough. On the Twitter home page, click the Lists button to see your created lists of people.
Selecting a list allows you to display records of accounts included only in this list. This feature is useful for people who follow a lot of Twitter accounts.
7. You know how to change your background image, but what about your profile color?
You can easily change the colors your profile uses for links, sidebar, text, and background (if you're not using a background image).
Go to Twitter settings and then go to the “Design” tab. Scroll down and click the “Change Design Colors” button to personalize your page.
8. Save searches to save time
Twitter is a tool built to explore what's happening right now.
If you're interested in a specific topic and search for it often, there's an easy way to save your search so you don't have to type it every time.
Type a search term or hashtag and press Enter, then click the "Save This Search" button to pin it to the Searches tab on the Twitter home page.
9. Looking for people to add toTwitter friends? Use your Gmail contact list
Click the “Who To Follow” button in the top navigation bar of Twitter, then click the “View Suggestions,” “Browse Interests,” or “Find Friends” button.
The “Find Friends” button allows you to connect your email or instant messaging address to Twitter to find friends who are already using Twitter that you may have missed.